RESUMO
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in several biological conditions, including bone metabolism disturbances in breast cancer patients (BCPs). These disorders hinder the adjustment of nutrition interventions due to changes in bone mineral density (BMD). The biophysical properties of EVs (e.g., size or electrostatic repulsion) affect their cellular uptake, however, their clinical relevance is unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between the biophysical properties of the plasma-derived EVs and BMDs in BCPs who received an individualized nutrition intervention during the first six months of antineoplastic treatment. As part of the nutritional assessment before and after the intervention, body composition including bone densitometry and plasma samples were obtained. In 16 BCPs, EVs were isolated using ExoQuick® and their biophysical properties were analyzed using light-scattering techniques. We found that the average hydrodynamic diameter of large EVs was associated with femoral neck bone mineral content, lumbar spine BMD, and neoplasms' molecular subtypes. These results provide evidence that EVs play a role in BCPs' bone disorders and suggest that the biophysical properties of EVs may serve as potential nutritional biomarkers. Further studies are needed to evaluate EVs' biophysical properties as potential nutritional biomarkers in a clinical context.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas , Neoplasias da Mama , Vesículas Extracelulares , Osteossarcoma , Humanos , Feminino , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Vesículas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Densidade ÓsseaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Predictive equations are the best option for assessing fat mass in clinical practice due to their low cost and practicality. However, several factors, such as age, excess adiposity, and ethnicity can compromise the accuracy of the equations reported to date in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate two predictive equations for estimating fat mass: one based exclusively on anthropometric variables, the other combining anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance variables using the 4C model as the reference method. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that included 386 Hispanic subjects aged ≥60 with excess adiposity. Fat mass and fat-free mass were measured by the 4C model as predictive variables. Age, sex, and certain anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance data were considered as potential predictor variables. To develop and to validate the equations, the multiple linear regression analysis, and cross-validation protocol were applied. RESULTS: Equation 1 included weight, sex, and BMI as predictor variables, while equation 2 considered sex, weight, height squared/resistance, and resistance as predictor variables. R2 and RMSE values were ≥0.79 and ≤3.45, respectively, in both equations. The differences in estimates of fat mass by equations 1 and 2 were 0.34 kg and -0.25 kg, respectively, compared to the 4C model. This bias was not significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The new predictive equations are reliable for estimating body composition and are interchangeable with the 4C model. Thus, they can be used in epidemiological and clinical studies, as well as in clinical practice, to estimate body composition in older Hispanic adults with excess adiposity.
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Obesidade , Idoso , Humanos , Composição Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Hispânico ou Latino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Metallothioneins (MTs) are cysteine rich proteins with antioxidant capacity that participate in the homeostasis and detoxification of metals and other cellular processes, and help to counteract the oxidative stress produced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The production of ROS increases during several stress conditions, including metal intoxication and hypoxia (oxygen deficiency). During hypoxia the expression of the MT gene is induced in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei; however, the MT protein coded by this gene has not been purified nor characterized. In this work, the coding sequence of L. vannamei MT was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein, containing an intein and a chitin binding domain (CBD). The MT was purified by chitin affinity chromatography and its antioxidant capacity and ability to bind cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) were evaluated. This MT has an antioxidant capacity of 27.23 µM equivalent to Trolox in a 100⯵g/mL solution. Addition of CdCl2 to the culture media augments 273-fold the Cd content, while addition of CuCl2 increases Cu content 569-fold in the purified MT. Thus, the shrimp MT gene codes for a functional protein that has antioxidant capacity and binds Cu and Cd.
Assuntos
Metalotioneína/química , Metalotioneína/genética , Penaeidae , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Animais , Cádmio/química , Quitina/química , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Clonagem Molecular , Cobre/química , Escherichia coli , Vetores Genéticos , Penaeidae/enzimologia , Penaeidae/genéticaRESUMO
Age- and obesity-related body composition changes could influence the hydration factor (HF) and, as a result, body composition estimates derived from hydrometry. The aim of the present study was to compare the HF in older Hispanic-American adults to some published values. This cross-sectional study included a sample of 412 subjects, men and women, aged ≥60 years from northern Mexico. HF values were calculated based on the ratio of total body water-using the deuterium dilution technique-to fat-free mass, derived from the four-compartment model. The mean HF value for the total sample (0.748 ± 0.034) was statistically (p ≤ 0.01) higher than the traditionally assumed value of 0.732 derived from chemical analysis, the "grand mean'' value of 0.725 derived from in vivo methods, and the 0.734 value calculated for older French adults via the three-compartment model. The HF of the older women did not differ across the fat mass index categories, but in men the obese group was lower than the normal and excess fat groups. The hydration factor calculated for the total sample of older Hispanic-American people is higher than the HF values reported in the literature. Therefore, the indiscriminate use of these assumed values could produce inaccurate body composition estimates in older Hispanic-American people.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Água Corporal , Idoso , Envelhecimento , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , México , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The objective of this study was to compare current measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN), and total femur (TF) regions with initial values recorded 12 years ago in women from Northwest Mexico, and evaluate their correlation with dietary, anthropometric, and reproductive variables. BMD was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Participants were grouped as follows: Nulliparous (G1); women who were mothers 12 years ago (G2); and women who were nulliparous 12 years ago, but are now mothers (G3). In all three groups, current LS BMD was higher than initial (p ≤ 0.05) and current TF BMD in G2 was higher than initial values (p ≤ 0.05). When comparing current FN and TF BMD among the three groups, G2 had higher values than G3 (p ≤ 0.05). G2 also showed higher LS BMD than G1 and G3 (p = 0.006). Age at menarche was inversely-correlated with FN and TF BMD in G1 (p < 0.01), while the body mass index (BMI) correlated positively with all three bone regions in G2 (p < 0.05). This study shows that in women without and with children, age at menarche, BMI, and age were factors associated to BMD in healthy subjects in reproductive age.
Assuntos
Fatores Etários , Antropometria , Densidade Óssea , Dieta , Menarca , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adolescente , Adulto , Exercício Físico , Feminino , Colo do Fêmur/anatomia & histologia , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Vértebras Lombares/anatomia & histologia , México , Avaliação Nutricional , Paridade , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodução , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a fipronil/(S)-methoprene formulation against fleas on naturally infested cats. The study involved a population of 89 cats distributed among 24 veterinary practices in 9 regions of Spain. The product was applied according to label instructions on days 0, 30 and 60. Animals underwent parasitological and clinical assessments on day 0 and thereafter in monthly intervals (every 30 days) until day 90. Ctenocephalides felis was the most abundant species (98.9% of all fleas collected), and flea abundance on Day 0 was associated with the hair type, the location of the household, and the time elapsed from the last anti-flea treatment. Fipronil/(S)-methoprene demonstrated high efficacy and induced the reduction of clinical signs related to the presence of fleas. Clinical signs and flea abundance decreased significantly throughout time (P=0.001) with an efficacy rate of 72.6% at Day 30, 88.4% at Day 60 and 93.9% at Day 90. A high level of flea control and a remission of the clinical signs related to presence of fleas were observed on cats following 3 monthly applications a fipronil/(S)-methoprene formulation.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Ctenocephalides , Infestações por Pulgas/prevenção & controle , Inseticidas/uso terapêutico , Metoprene/uso terapêutico , Ectoparasitoses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a fipronil/(S)-methoprene formulation against fleas on naturally infested cats. The study involved a population of 89 cats distributed among 24 veterinary practices in 9 regions of Spain. The product was applied according to label instructions on days 0, 30 and 60. Animals underwent parasitological and clinical assessments on day 0 and thereafter in monthly intervals (every 30 days) until day 90. Ctenocephalides felis was the most abundant species (98.9% of all fleas collected), and flea abundance on Day 0 was associated with the hair type, the location of the household, and the time elapsed from the last anti-flea treatment. Fipronil/(S)-methoprene demonstrated high efficacy and induced the reduction of clinical signs related to the presence of fleas. Clinical signs and flea abundance decreased significantly throughout time (P=0.001) with an efficacy rate of 72.6% at Day 30, 88.4% at Day 60 and 93.9% at Day 90. A high level of flea control and a remission of the clinical signs related to presence of fleas were observed on cats following 3 monthly applications a fipronil/(S)-methoprene formulation.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Ctenocephalides , Infestações por Pulgas/prevenção & controle , Inseticidas/uso terapêutico , Metoprene/uso terapêutico , Ectoparasitoses/prevenção & controleRESUMO
ABSTRACT: The study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a fipronil/(S)-methoprene formulation against fleas on naturally infested cats. The study involved a population of 89 cats distributed among 24 veterinary practices in 9 regions of Spain. The product was applied according to label instructions on days 0, 30 and 60. Animals underwent parasitological and clinical assessments on day 0 and thereafter in monthly intervals (every 30 days) until day 90. Ctenocephalides felis was the most abundant species (98.9% of all fleas collected), and flea abundance on Day 0 was associated with the hair type, the location of the household, and the time elapsed from the last anti-flea treatment. Fipronil/(S)-methoprene demonstrated high efficacy and induced the reduction of clinical signs related to the presence of fleas. Clinical signs and flea abundance decreased significantly throughout time (P=0.001) with an efficacy rate of 72.6% at Day 30, 88.4% at Day 60 and 93.9% at Day 90. A high level of flea control and a remission of the clinical signs related to presence of fleas were observed on cats following 3 monthly applications a fipronil/(S)-methoprene formulation.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most deadly malignancy in Mexican women. Although treatment has improved, it may significantly affect bone mineral status in those who receive it. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of cancer treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC), in patients with breast cancer and explore the interaction of menopausal status and clinical stage with cancer treatment on such changes. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design was applied with measurements before and after a chemotherapy treatment in 40 patients with primary diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. BMD and body composition measurements were taken by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and changes in these variables due to therapy were analyzed using mixed regression for repeated measurements. RESULTS: Significant loss was found in femoral neck and L2-L4 BMD (p < 0.001). Patients diagnosed with osteopenia or osteoporosis received calcium + vitamin D supplementation (600 mg/200 IU day). It showed a protective effect in the decrease of femoral neck BMD and total BMC. BMD loss in both femoral neck and L2-L4 BMD was higher in premenopausal women: 0.023 g/cm2 in femoral neck and 0.063 g/cm2 in L2-L4 (p < 0.001), while in postmenopausal women BMD loss was 0.015 g/cm2 in femoral neck and 0.035 g/cm2 in L2-L4 (p = 0.021 and p = 0.001 respectively). Change in lumbar spine BMD was prominent in premenopausal women with advanced clinical stage (IIB, IIIA, IIIB): 0.066 g/cm2 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The antineoplastic breast cancer treatment with chemotherapy had a negative impact on BMD, in premenopausal women overall, although a differential effect was found according to clinical stage and calcium supplementation status.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Densidade Óssea , Doenças Ósseas/etiologia , Doenças Ósseas/patologia , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Menopausa , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Associations between Giardia lamblia infection and low serum concentrations of zinc have been reported in young children. Interestingly, relatively few studies have examined the effects of different dietary zinc levels on the parasite-infected host. The aims of this study were to compare the growth performance and zinc status in response to varying levels of dietary zinc and to measure the antibody-mediated response of mice during G. lamblia infection. Male CD-1 mice were fed using 1 of 4 experimental diets: adequate-zinc (ZnA), low-zinc (ZnL), high-zinc (ZnH) and supplemented-zinc (ZnS) diet containing 30, 10, 223 and 1383 mg Zn/kg respectively. After a 10 days feeding period, mice were inoculated orally with 5 × 106 G. lamblia trophozoites and were maintained on the assigned diet during the course of infection (30 days). Giardia-free mice fed ZnL diets were able to attain normal growth and antibody-mediated response. Giardia-infected mice fed ZnL and ZnA diets presented a significant growth retardation compared to non-infected controls. Zinc supplementation avoided this weight loss during G. lamblia infection and up-regulated the host's humoral immune response by improving the production of specific antibodies. Clinical outcomes of zinc supplementation during giardiasis included significant weight gain, higher anti-G. lamblia IgG antibodies and improved serum zinc levels despite the ongoing infection. A maximum growth rate and antibody-mediated response were attained in mice fed ZnH diet. No further increases in body weight, zinc status and humoral immune capacity were noted by feeding higher zinc levels (ZnS) than the ZnH diet. These findings probably reflect biological effect of zinc that could be of public health importance in endemic areas of infection.
Assuntos
Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Suplementos Nutricionais , Giardíase/imunologia , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Animais , Dieta , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Giardia lamblia , Giardíase/metabolismo , Imunidade Humoral , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Camundongos , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos , Zinco/sangueRESUMO
Vitamin A (VA) deficiency (VAD) continues to be a major nutritional problem in developing countries, including Central America. In Mexico, milk is a well-accepted vehicle for the administration of micronutrients, including VA, to preschoolers. Thus, we conducted a randomized, controlled, clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of daily consumption of 250 mL of VA-fortified milk (which provided 196 retinol equivalents/d) for 3 mo on VA stores in mildly to moderately VAD (serum retinol concentration 0.35-0.7 µmol/L) preschoolers who were not enrolled in a food assistance program. Twenty-seven mildly to moderately VAD children were randomly assigned based on screening measurements to either the intervention (n = 14) or control group (n = 13) (children in the control group did not receive placebo). All children in the control group and 79% (n = 11) of the children in the intervention group completed the study. The total body VA (TBVA) pool size was estimated using the deuterated retinol dilution technique before and after the intervention. After 3 mo, median changes in the serum retinol concentration for the intervention and control groups were 0.13 and -0.21 µmol/L, respectively (P = 0.009). Median changes in the TBVA stores were 0.06 and 0.01 mmol, respectively (P = 0.006) and estimated median changes in the liver VA concentration were 0.09 and 0.01 µmol/g, respectively (P = 0.002). The VA-fortified milk was well accepted among preschoolers and significantly increased TBVA stores, liver VA stores, and serum retinol concentration, indicating that it may be an effective means to ameliorate VAD in young Mexican children.
Assuntos
Alimentos Fortificados , Leite , Deficiência de Vitamina A/dietoterapia , Vitamina A/metabolismo , Vitamina A/uso terapêutico , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Deutério , Países em Desenvolvimento , Dieta/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Preferências Alimentares , Alimentos em Conserva , Humanos , Técnicas de Diluição do Indicador , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , México , Pacientes Desistentes do Tratamento , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Vitamina A/administração & dosagem , Vitamina A/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina A/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina A/etiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina A/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The association of giardiasis with the malabsorption of zinc remains controversial. This study investigated changes in serum zinc levels in Giardia-infected mice subjected to different dietary zinc regimens. Thirty-five mice (strain C(3)H/H(e)J) were randomly categorized into two groups. The first group was inoculated with 5 × 10(6) Giardia trophozoites (n = 18), and the second group remained Giardia free (n = 17). Each group (Giardia infected and Giardia free) was randomly classified into three subgroups and given low (9 mg Zn/kg), normal (33 mg Zn/kg), and high levels (288 mg Zn/kg) of dietary zinc over a 2-week period for acclimation. Fourteen days post-Giardia infection, all of the mice were euthanized and blood samples were collected. The number of trophozoites was quantified (hematocytometer), and serum zinc levels were determined via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Significant increases in the median weights were only found in the Giardia-free mice (p < 0.05). A higher final median weight was found in the Giardia-free group when compared with that of the Giardia-infected group given low dietary zinc (p = 0.013). In the Giardia-infected group with low dietary zinc, the geometric mean of trophozoites was 3,498 ± 101 (SE) per milliliter. The Giardia-infected group had lower serum zinc levels than did the Giardia-free group with the high dietary zinc regimens (p < 0.05). Our results are consistent with studies among human populations, but further studies are required to elucidate the actual mechanism governing the zinc-giardiasis interaction.
Assuntos
Dieta , Giardíase/sangue , Zinco/administração & dosagem , Animais , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Zinco/sangueRESUMO
El presente documento dicta un conjunto de medidas, normas y objetivos en materia de transferencia e innovación tecnológica, que son resultado de diversas acciones de investigación
Assuntos
Atividades Científicas e Tecnológicas , Pesquisa Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico , PeruRESUMO
El presente documento dicta un conjunto de medidas, normas y objetivos en materia de transferencia e innovación tecnológica, que son resultado de diversas acciones de investigación(AU)
Assuntos
Atividades Científicas e Tecnológicas , Pesquisa Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico , PeruRESUMO
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a word public health problem, particularly in children and child-bearing-age women. Iron demands need to be covered by adolescent women due to the increased physical growing, menstruation, pregnancy and fetal growing tissues at this life stage. This study was proposed to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency and IDA in pregnant adolescent women from Northwestern Mexico. Participated 186 women under 19 years old during the first or second trimester of pregnancy who attended the local health institutions in Hermosillo Sonora. Questionnaires and 24 hr recalls were administered to collect socioeconomic and dietary information respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, ferritin and eritrocytic protoporphyrin were measured. Hb and ferritin values were used to categorize the recruited women into normal (37.4%), iron deficient (55.5%) and IDA (7.1%) groups. Six and seven women showed moderated and light anemia status in the IDA group. Fe and fiber intake and weeks of pregnancy were associated with the biochemical indicators of iron at least in two women groups. The high percentage of iron deficient women in this study is demanding the identification and attention of maternal factors and food habits that are risk of iron deficiency in pregnant women.
Assuntos
Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Inquéritos sobre Dietas , Hematócrito , Deficiências de Ferro , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Gravidez na Adolescência , Adolescente , Anemia Ferropriva/sangue , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/sangue , Gravidez na Adolescência/sangue , Protoporfirinas/sangue , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
La anemia por deficiencia de hierro (Fe) es un problema de salud pública mundial, principalmente en niños y en mujeres en edad fértil. Las adolescentes requieren cubrir las demandas de Fe propias del crecimiento acelerado y del inicio de la menstruación y en adolescentes embarazadas se agrega el crecimiento de los tejidos fetales. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de deficiencia de Fe y de anemia por deficiencia de Fe en adolescentes embarazadas del noroeste de México. Participaron 186 mujeres menores de 19 años de edad, comprendidas en el primer o segundo trimestre del embarazo y atendidas en Centros de Salud Públicos de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora. Se aplicaron cuestionarios sobre el nivel socioeconómico e información dietaria mediante la aplicación de recordatorio de 24 horas. Se cuantificó hemoglobina (Hb), hematocrito, ferritina y protoporfirina eritrocitaria. De acuerdo a los valores de Hb y ferritina, se agruparon como normales (37.4 por ciento de las voluntarias), como deficientes de Fe sin anemia (55.5 por ciento) y con anemia por deficiencia de Fe (7.1 por ciento). En este último grupo, seis participantes clasificaron con anemia moderada y siete con anemia ligera. Las variables que se asociaron con indicadores de Fe, en al menos dos grupos de mujeres fueron la ingesta de Fe y de fibra y las semanas de embarazo. El elevado porcentaje de mujeres con reserva deficiente de Fe demanda la identificación y atención de factores maternos y de hábitos de consumo de alimentos que afectan el estado de Fe en las adolescentes embarazadas.
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a word public health problem, particularly in children and child-bearing-age women. Iron demands need to be covered by adolescent women due to the increased physical growing, menstruation, pregnancy and fetal growing tissues at this life stage. This study was proposed to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency and IDA in pregnant adolescent women from Northwestern Mexico. Participated 186 women under 19 years old during the first or second trimester of pregnancy who attended the local health institutions in Hermosillo Sonora. Questionnaires and 24 hr recalls were administered to collect socioeconomic and dietary information respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, ferritin and eritrocytic protoporphyrin were measured. Hb and ferritin values were used to categorize the recruited women into normal (37.4 percent), iron deficient (55.5 percent) and IDA (7.1 percent) groups. Six and seven women showed moderated and light anemia status in the IDA group. Fe and fiber intake and weeks of pregnancy were associated with the biochemical indicators of iron at least in two women groups. The high percentage of iron deficient women in this study is demanding the identification and attention of maternal factors and food habits that are risk of iron deficiency in pregnant women.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Anemia , Gravidez na Adolescência , Prevalência , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
El objetivo del trabajo es conocer la incidencia de la complicación respiratoria en posoperados de resección pulmonar así como las patologías respiratorias asociadas y factores de riesgo en la población de estudio. Se estudió las complicaciones respiratorias entre los años 2001 y 2004; tiene un diseño descriptivo y transversal para evaluar las características de ésta población se utilizó el sistema SPSS V.10.1, considerándose como significativo un p menor que 0,05. Ingresaron al estudio 166 pcientes, 56,1% varones y 43,9% mujeres. Las complicaciones respiratorias se presentaron en un 15,66% (26 casos) de ellas las patologías frecuentes fueron: broncoespasmo 4,81% del total de las complicaciones, traqueobronquitis 3,61%, neumotórax con 2,40%, atelectasia 2,40% y neumonía 2,40% la mortalidad en la población estudiada fue cero. La incidencia fue 15,66% de complicaciones respiratorias, predominando el broncoespasmo, traquebronquitis, neumotórax, atelectasia y neumonía. La única variable relacionada con la complicación respiratoria fue la edad del paciente al presentar un valor estadístico significativo p=0,007 (p menor que 0,05) con IC al 95% de 1,650 a 10,243.
The objetive of the work is to know the incident of the respiratory. Complication in post operated on pulmonary resection as wel as the respiratory associate pathology and factors of risk in the population of study. The respiratory complications were studied between the year 2001 and 2004; it has a descriptive and transverse design, to evaluate the characteristics of this one population was in use the system SPSS V.10.1 one being considered to be like significant p less than 0,05. Deposited to the study 166 patients, 56,15 males and women 43,9%. The respiratory complications the frequent pathology appeared in 15,66% (26 cases) of them were rough spasm 4,81% of the whole of the complications, tracheobronchitis 3,61%, pneumothorax with 2,40%, atelectasy 2,40% and pneumonia 2,40%, atelectasy 2,40% and pnenumonia 2,40 %, the mortality in the studied population was zero. The incident was 15,66% of respiratory complications was the age of the patient on having presented a statistical significant value p = 0,007 (p less than 0,05) with IC to 95% from 1,650 to 10,243.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anormalidades do Sistema Respiratório/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Fatores de Risco , Pneumopatias/complicações , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
The beginning of sexual maturity in individuals is a measure commonly used as an indicator of a population's quality of life. Among women, one of the most frequently used indicators is the age of menarche. The objectives of this research were to obtain the age of menarche in school age girls from the Northwest of Mexico, and to establish the relationship between the latter with their socioeconomic level, body weight, and height. The sample was taken from 857 girls between 7 and 17 years old from different socioeconomic level sectors. The age of menarche of these girls was determined by the statu quo method. The value found for menarche was 12.06 +/- 0.44 years old. We also found an association of menarche to height (p < 0.01) and to socioeconomic level (p < 0.01). The value for age of menarche in this study was similar to the one reported for other Latin-American populations. Taking into consideration that approximately 70% of the Mexican population has been considered of low income level and that the environmental conditions are not entirely favorable, it is possible that this could be the result of genetic and environmental interactions.
Assuntos
Estatura/fisiologia , Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Menarca/fisiologia , Adolescente , Distribuição por Idade , Análise de Variância , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , México , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
El inicio de la maduración sexual en los individuos es un parámetro utilizado para conocer la calidad de vida de una población. En mujeres, el indicador más utilizado es la edad de la menarquia. Considerando que en esta región no existen estudios que muestren esta información, los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron obtener la edad de la menarquia en mujeres escolares del Noroeste de México y establecer la relación de ésta con el nivel socioeconómico, el peso y la talla. Se seleccionó al azar una muestra de 857 mujeres escolares de 7 a 17 años de edad, a las cuales se les determinó la edad de la menarquia por medio del método statu quo. Para la menarquia el valor encontrado fue de 12.06 ± 0.44 años, encontrándose una relación significativa con la talla (p < 0.01) y con el nivel socioeconómico (p < 0.01). En conclusión, el valor encontrado en este estudio es semejante al reportado en otras poblaciones latinoamericanas. Por otra parte, considerando que alrededor del 70 por ciento de la población mexicana tiene un nivel socioeconómico bajo, es posible que la edad de la menarquia sea el resultado de interacciones genéticas y ambientales
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Menarca , Maturidade Sexual , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , MéxicoRESUMO
Deoxypyridinoline is one of the metabolites produced during bone resorption. Deoxypyridinoline excretion, unlike other markers, is not affected by diet, or the activity level of other tissues. In postmenopausic women, increased excretion of deoxypyridinoline has been associated with increased bone mass loss. The objective of this study was to determine the association of deoxypyridinoline excretion in postmenopausic Mexican women with anthropometric factors, bone mass density, calcium and phosphorous intakes, post menopause years and serum levels of estradiol. The concentration of deoxypyridinoline in 24 h urine was determined utilizing an ELISA technique. An average of 7,27 +/- 5,31 nM Dpd/mM creatinine was found. A negative correlation between deoxypyridinoline and serum estradiol levels (r = -0.37, p = 0.01) was found. Post menopausic years correlated positively (r = .35, p = 0.02) with Dpd. No significant correlation between deoxypyridinoline and anthropometric data, bone mass density, calcium and phosphorous intakes was found. In conclusion, 30% of the subjects of this study had elevated levels of deoxypyridinoline excretion and taking into consideration the negative correlation observed with serum estradiol, this segment of the population could be at risk for accelerated bone loss. Hormone replacement is important for post menopausic women to prevent increased bone loss.