RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite its direct relevance to quality of care, little is known about missed nursing care or its sociodemographic and work environment correlates at highly specialized hospitals in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the frequency of missed nursing care among Mexican nursing professionals, and to assess its associated sociodemographic and labor-related predictors. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational study based on data collected from 315 nursing professionals in 11 highly specialized public hospitals in Mexico. We assessed missed nursing care both as a total figure and according to the four dimensions of the MISSCARE inventory. We estimated its sociodemographic and work-related predictors using fractional logistic analysis. RESULTS: The global score for missed nursing care was 15.21%: 7.94% concerned individual needs, 9.37% discharge planning and patient education, 18.10% basic care, and 1.59% care under continuous assessment. The odds of engaging in missed nursing care increased with age and were higher among women and night-shift workers. In contrast, they decreased among nursing professionals who were satisfied with their jobs, and among those working in suitable environments. CONCLUSIONS: Missed nursing care in highly specialized public hospitals is associated with the sociodemographic characteristics and labor-related conditions -including the work environments- of the nurses. Given its impact on both health-care users and institutions, further research on the subject is urgently needed. It is essential to improve the design, implementation and evaluation of comprehensive strategies aimed at reducing the frequency of missed nursing care and achieving universal health coverage.
Assuntos
Cuidados de Enfermagem , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hospitais Especializados , Humanos , MéxicoRESUMO
The SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 outbreak originated in China has reached Mexico. However, the scientific community, including nursing, has generated vertiginous evidence that can help make decisions in the care of the affected population. The purpose of this study is to describe the nursing experience before COVID-19 as a key point for the prevention, control and mitigation of the pandemic. Based on the recommendations issued by the Ministry of Health, the clinical evidence and the resources available in the health institutions, the disease prevention measures have been initiated and maintained both in the community and in the health institutions. The reconversion of hospitals and care protocols adapted to our context are trying to strengthen the control and mitigation of the disease.
El brote de SARS-CoV-2 o COVID-19 originado en China ha alcanzado a México; no obstante, la comunidad científica, entre ellas enfermería ha generado de forma vertiginosa evidencia que puede ayudar a tomar decisiones en la atención de la población afectada. El presente documento tiene la finalidad de describir la experiencia de enfermería ante el COVID-19 como un punto clave para la prevención, control y mitigación de la pandemia. Con base en las recomendaciones emitidas por la Secretaría de Salud, la evidencia clínica y los recursos disponibles en las instituciones de salud se ha iniciado y mantenido las medidas de prevención de la enfermedad tanto en la comunidad como en las instituciones de salud. La reconversión de los hospitales y los protocolos de atención adaptados a nuestro contexto están tratando de fortalecer el control y mitigación de la enfermedad.
Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/enfermagem , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Pneumonia Viral/enfermagem , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Tomada de Decisões , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/organização & administração , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Resumen El brote de SARS-CoV-2 o COVID-19 originado en China ha alcanzado a México; no obstante, la comunidad científica, entre ellas enfermería ha generado de forma vertiginosa evidencia que puede ayudar a tomar decisiones en la atención de la población afectada. El presente documento tiene la finalidad de describir la experiencia de enfermería ante el COVID-19 como un punto clave para la prevención, control y mitigación de la pandemia. Con base en las recomendaciones emitidas por la Secretaría de Salud, la evidencia clínica y los recursos disponibles en las instituciones de salud se ha iniciado y mantenido las medidas de prevención de la enfermedad tanto en la comunidad como en las instituciones de salud. La reconversión de los hospitales y los protocolos de atención adaptados a nuestro contexto están tratando de fortalecer el control y mitigación de la enfermedad.
Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 outbreak originated in China has reached Mexico. However, the scientific community, including nursing, has generated vertiginous evidence that can help make decisions in the care of the affected population. The purpose of this study is to describe the nursing experience before COVID-19 as a key point for the prevention, control and mitigation of the pandemic. Based on the recommendations issued by the Ministry of Health, the clinical evidence and the resources available in the health institutions, the disease prevention measures have been initiated and maintained both in the community and in the health institutions. The reconversion of hospitals and care protocols adapted to our context are trying to strengthen the control and mitigation of the disease.
Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia Viral/enfermagem , Infecções por Coronavirus/enfermagem , Cuidados de Enfermagem/métodos , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Tomada de Decisões , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , COVID-19 , México/epidemiologia , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
In optics, when interferograms or digital holograms are recorded and their phase is recovered, it is common to obtain a wrapped phase with some errors, noise and artifacts such as singularities due to the non linearities of the demodulation process. This paper shows how to reconstruct the frequency field of the wrapped phase by using adaptive Gabor filters. Gabor filters are Gaussian quadrature filters tuned in at a certain frequency. We adapt these Gabor filters by tuning them locally and estimating the frequency using wrapped finite differences of the estimated phase. Doing this process iteratively, the frequency estimation is refined and smoothed. The unwrapped phase is easily recovered by integrating the recovered frequency field using, for example, a simple line raster integration. We don't have problems with phase inconsistencies or residues while integrating the phase, because these are removed. The obtained unwrapped phase is clean, consistent and practically error-free. We show estimation errors with simulated data and the performance of the proposed method using real-world recorded wavefronts.
RESUMO
In this work, we show a windowed phase-unwrapping technique that uses a first-order dynamic system and scans the phase following its iso-phase contours. In previous works, we have shown that low-pass first-order dynamic systems are very robust and useful in phase-unwrapping problems. However, it is well known that all phase-unwrapping methods have a minimum signal-to-noise ratio that they tolerate. This paper shows that scanning the phase within local windows and using a path following strategy, the first-order unwrapping method increases its tolerance to noise. In this way, using the improved approach, we can unwrap phase maps where the basic dynamic phase-unwrapping system fails. Tests and results are given, as well as the source code in order to show the performance of the proposed method.
RESUMO
Here, we present a fast algorithm for two-dimensional (2D) phase unwrapping which behaves as a recursive linear filter. This linear behavior allows us to easily find its frequency response and stability conditions. Previously, we published a robust to noise recursive 2D phase unwrapping system with smoothing capabilities. But our previous approach was rather heuristic in the sense that not general 2D theory was given. Here an improved and better understood version of our previous 2D recursive phase unwrapper is presented. In addition, a full characterization of it is shown in terms of its frequency response and stability. The objective here is to extend our previous unwrapping algorithm and give a more solid theoretical foundation to it.
Assuntos
Algoritmos , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , Razão Sinal-RuídoRESUMO
Phase unwrapping techniques remove the modulus ambiguities of wrapped phase maps. The present work shows a first-order feedback system for phase unwrapping and smoothing. This system is a fast sequential unwrapping system which also allows filtering some noise because in deed it is an Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) low-pass filter. In other words, our system is capable of low-pass filtering the wrapped phase as the unwrapping process proceeds. We demonstrate the temporal stability of this unwrapping feedback system, as well as its low-pass filtering capabilities. Our system even outperforms the most common and used unwrapping methods that we tested, such as the Flynn's method, the Goldstain's method, and the Ghiglia least-squares method (weighted or unweighted). The comparisons with these methods shows that our system filters-out some noise while preserving the dynamic range of the phase-data. Its application areas may cover: optical metrology, synthetic aperture radar systems, magnetic resonance, and those imaging systems where information is obtained as a demodulated wrapped phase map.