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BACKGROUND: Mexico reports low follow-up completion rates among women with abnormal cervical cancer screenings. This study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to follow-up adherence among women with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and premalignant cervical lesions in Mexico. METHODS: A mixed-methods study was conducted from February to April 2019. Participants included women undergoing follow-up care for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and premalignant lesions, along with health personnel from the Women's Healthcare Center (CAPASAM) in Mexico. Quantitative data were obtained from the Women's Cancer Information System and through a questionnaire about factors affecting follow-up adherence. Additionally, the health personnel involved completed a compliance checklist regarding care regulations. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews with both groups, followed by a content analysis based on identified categories. The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point System confirmed care process risks. Proposals to enhance the Early Detection Program for Prevention and Control of Cervical Cancer were collected from a CAPASAM health personnel nominal group. RESULTS: Identified barriers to follow-up included low income among CAPASAM users, family provider roles limiting time for appointments, long waits for testing and results delivery, distant facilities, insufficient service hour communication, inadequate health personnel training, and a lack of systematic counseling. Hesitation toward follow-up was also linked to shame, apprehension, uncertainty, test aversion, fear of positive results, and limited cervical cancer and screening knowledge. Patriarchal attitudes of partners and limited access to the now-discontinued PROSPERA government program further discouraged follow-up. Facilitators comprised respectful treatment by CAPASAM staff, no-cost services, health campaigns, and positive user attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: The study found more barriers than facilitators to follow-up adherence, highlighting the need for strategies to bolster the Early Detection Program. Future strategies must address the comprehensive array of factors and incorporate stakeholder perspectives.
Assuntos
Detecção Precoce de Câncer , Infecções por Papillomavirus , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Humanos , Feminino , México , Adulto , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/psicologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/psicologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/psicologia , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Cooperação do Paciente/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Displasia do Colo do Útero/psicologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Seguimentos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introduction: The Hitnü indigenous people live in precarious sanitary conditions, with food insecurity and being victims of sociopolitical violence in Arauca, Colombia. In addition, it is possible that they may be affected by exposure to hydrocarbons found in oil. Objective: To identify the health outcomes of morbidity and mortality profiles of the Hitnü people that could be associated with the exposure to crude oil. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with Hitnü indigenous people, during February and March, 2021, time of drought. A household questionnaire was applied, and one individual to collect data from the environment around the house, occupations and other activities, as well as data from sociodemographic, signs, symptoms, and findings of a medical examination. The potential association with hydrocarbons was explored considering three groups: inhabitants in Arauca city, Aspejaná reserve (not exposed), and San José del Lipa and La Vorágine reserves (exposed by the Ele river and tributaries). With free listings, causes of death were explored. The study incorporated a rigorous intercultural management in all its components. Results: A total of 576 indigenous people from 16 settlements participated. The water consumed could serve as means of exposure to hydrocarbons. Health problems were very varied, including infectious and chronic diseases, malnutrition, and trauma. The masses on the neck were associated with residing in the ancestral reserves (PR = 3.86; CI95% 1.77-8.39), territories with potential exposure to crude-oil. The most relevant causes of death were homicide, tumors, and tuberculosis. Conclusion: For its possible association with exposure to hydrocarbons, it is a priority to start the intercultural study of lymphadenopathies in indigenous communities potentially exposed to crude oil.
Introducción. El pueblo hitnü vive en condiciones sanitarias precarias, con inseguridad alimentaria y víctima de la violencia sociopolítica en Arauca (Colombia). Además, se sospecha que pueden estar afectados por la exposición a los hidrocarburos del petróleo. Objetivo. Identificar los eventos de salud del perfil de morbilidad y mortalidad de los indígenas hitnü que podrían asociarse con la exposición a petróleo crudo. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con indígenas hitnü, durante febrero y marzo de 2021, época de sequía. Se aplicó un cuestionario de hogares y uno individual para recolectar datos del ambiente peridomiciliario, ocupaciones y otras actividades, así como datos sociodemográficos, signos, síntomas y hallazgos de un examen médico. La potencial asociación con los hidrocarburos se exploró considerando tres grupos, según su localización: cabecera de Arauca, resguardo Aspejená (no expuestos) y resguardos de San José del Lipa y La Vorágine (expuestos por su cercanía al río Ele y afluentes). Con listados libres, se exploraron las causas de muerte. El estudio incorporó un riguroso manejo intercultural en todos sus componentes. Resultados. Participaron 576 indígenas de 16 asentamientos. El agua consumida pudo servir como medio de exposición a los hidrocarburos. Los problemas de salud fueron muy variados e incluían enfermedades infecciosas y crónicas, malnutrición y trauma. Las masas en el cuello se asociaron con residir en los resguardos ancestrales (RP=3,86; IC95% 1,77-8,39), territorios potencialmente expuestos al petróleo. Las causas de muerte más relevantes fueron el homicidio, los tumores y la tuberculosis. Conclusión: Por su posible asociación con los hidrocarburos, es prioritario el estudio intercultural de linfoadenopatías entre indígenas potencialmente expuestos al petróleo.
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Estudos Retrospectivos , ColômbiaRESUMO
Objectives Quantifying personal exposure to particles less than 10 micrometres in diameter (PM10) and determining the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in traffic-police officers working in Bogotá's metropolitan area. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 574 traffic-police officers divided into two groups (477 traffic-police and 97 police working in an office). They were given a questionnaire inquiring about respiratory symptoms, toxicological medical evaluation, lung function tests and personal PM10 monitoring. The differences between groups were found using stratified analysis (i.e. comparing odds ratios). Multivariate analysis of factors related to symptoms and diagnosis of respiratory alteration was also performed. Results Respiratory symptoms concerned a higher prevalence of cough, expectoration and rhinosinusitis in the traffic-police group. Medical examination revealed that the traffic-police group had higher nasal irritation prevalence; lung function tests showed no difference. Mean PM10 levels were higher for the traffic-police group (139.4 μg/m³), compared to the office work group (86.03 μg/m³). Discussion PM10 values in both groups did not exceed allowable limits for respirable particles in the workplace according to ACGIH standards. Traffic-police exposed to air pollution had an increased risk of developing respiratory symptoms and signs, thereby agreeing with the results of this and other studies. Personal monitoring is a valuable tool when quantifying the concentration of PM10to which an individual has been exposed during a normal workday. This study contributes towards further research in to the effects of PM10 in populations at risk.
Objetivos Cuantificar la exposición personal a partículas menores de 10 micras (PM10) y determinar la prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios en policías de tránsito que trabajan en el área metropolitana de Bogotá. Métodos Estudio transversal de 574 policías divididos en dos grupos (477 policías de tránsito y 97 policías de oficina). Se les aplicó cuestionario sobre síntomas respiratorios, evaluación médica toxicológica, pruebas de función pulmonar y monitoreo personal a PM10. Las diferencias entre los grupos se hallaron mediante análisis estratificado y calculo Odds Ratio. Se realizó análisis multivariado de factores relacionados con los síntomas y diagnósticos de alteración respiratoria. Resultados Síntomas respiratorios como tos, expectoración y rinosinusitis tuvieron mayor prevalencia en los policías de tránsito. El examen médico mostró mayor prevalencia de signos de irritación nasal en los policías de tránsito. Pruebas de función pulmonar no mostraron diferencias. Los niveles promedio de PM10 fueron mayores en el grupo de tránsito (139,4 g/m³) comparados con el de oficina (86,03 g/m³). Discusión Los valores de PM10 en ambos grupos no exceden los límites permisibles de partículas respirables en el lugar de trabajo por la ACGIH. Los policías de tránsito expuestos a la contaminación del aire tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar síntomas y signos respiratorios, como lo muestran este y otros estudios. El monitoreo personal es una herramienta valiosa para cuantificar la concentración de PM10a la cual un individuo está expuesto durante la jornada laboral. Este estudio contribuye a una mayor investigación sobre los efectos de PM10 en las poblaciones en riesgo.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Polícia , Doenças Respiratórias/etiologia , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/estatística & dados numéricos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Modelos Logísticos , Análise Multivariada , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Exposição Ocupacional/estatística & dados numéricos , Material Particulado/análise , Prevalência , Doenças Respiratórias/diagnóstico , Doenças Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Saúde da População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Quantifying personal exposure to particles less than 10 micrometres in diameter (PM10) and determining the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in traffic-police officers working in Bogotá's metropolitan area. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 574 traffic-police officers divided into two groups (477 traffic-police and 97 police working in an office). They were given a questionnaire inquiring about respiratory symptoms, toxicological medical evaluation, lung function tests and personal PM10 monitoring. The differences between groups were found using stratified analysis (i.e. comparing odds ratios). Multivariate analysis of factors related to symptoms and diagnosis of respiratory alteration was also performed. RESULTS: Respiratory symptoms concerned a higher prevalence of cough, expectoration and rhinosinusitis in the traffic-police group. Medical examination revealed that the traffic-police group had higher nasal irritation prevalence; lung function tests showed no difference. Mean PM10 levels were higher for the traffic-police group (139.4 µg/m³), compared to the office work group (86.03 µg/m³). DISCUSSION: PM10 values in both groups did not exceed allowable limits for respirable particles in the workplace according to ACGIH standards. Traffic-police exposed to air pollution had an increased risk of developing respiratory symptoms and signs, thereby agreeing with the results of this and other studies. Personal monitoring is a valuable tool when quantifying the concentration of PM10to which an individual has been exposed during a normal workday. This study contributes towards further research in to the effects of PM10 in populations at risk.