RESUMO
CAR-T cell therapy represents a therapeutic revolution in the prognosis and treatment of patients with certain types of hematological cancer. However, they also pose new challenges in the healthcare, regulatory and financial fields. The aim of the RET-A project was to undertake a strategic reflection on the management of CAR-T therapies within the Spanish National Health System, to agree on recommendations that will help to better deal with the new context introduced by these cell therapies in the present and in the future. This think tank involved 40 key agents and opinion leaders. The experts identified three great challenges for implementing advanced therapies in Spain: therapeutic individualisation, with a multidisciplinary approach; acceleration of access times, by minimizing bureaucracy; and increase in the number of centers qualified to manage the CAR-T therapies in the NHS. The experts agreed on the ideal criteria for designating those qualified centers. They also agreed on a comprehensive CAR-T care pathway with the timings and roles which would ideally be involved in each part of the process.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hematológicas , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos , Consenso , Humanos , Imunoterapia Adotiva , EspanhaRESUMO
Multifunctional biocompatible materials have evoked considerable interest in the field of medical applications. Here we report the thermal decomposition preparation of homogeneous fluorescent-magnetic particles with a composite structure containing CoFe2O4 nanoparticles as nucleation seeds for fluorescent Gd2-xO3:Eux. The composite exhibited a wide range of fluorescence transitions in the whole visible spectrum, displaying 18 different emission peaks when excited at a 250 nm wavelength. Moreover, at low temperature the peaks of the composite were wider than the peaks of the fluorescent material, which may be attributed to a set of new energy levels due to a combination of Stark splitting with the magnetic field of CoFe2O4. Because this material is intended to be used for biomedical applications, the potential toxicity of the composite was tested using an invertebrate hemocyte cell model. The cells showed slight morphological and biochemical changes upon exposure to the composite; however, there was no increase in cell death at concentrations of up to 40 ppm. In addition, the material could be tracked by its fluorescence inside the cells, when excited at a more bio-friendly and less energetic wavelength of 405 nm. Furthermore, MRI showed T1 and T2 dual contrast with relaxivity values in the range of most reported materials.
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RESUMEN Una de las direcciones de aplicación de la Ciencia de Materiales que realiza el Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear CEADEN es el apoyo mediante un grupo de técnicas físicas a la restauración y el mantenimiento de estructuras y objetos de la ciudad de La Habana, entre otras localidades de Cuba, que poseen interés artístico y social . En el presente trabajo se abordan varias aplicaciones en la caracterización de materiales para contribuir a las actividades de conservación del patrimonio cultural e histórico cubano que se encuentra en La Habana. Se presentan dos ejemplos de análisis por las técnicas de Fluorescencia de Rayos X y Difracción de rayos X de los pigmentos de obras en lienzos y de la paleta de una reconocida artista de la plástica cubana; así como el de tejas cerámicas que fueron utilizadas en la restauración de los techos de la residencia conocida como Casa Verde de 5ta Avenida en el Municipio Playa.
ABSTRACT One of the applications in Materials Science carried out at the Center for Technological Applications and Nuclear Development (CEADEN) is the technical support through several methods used, based on applied Physics for the restoration and maintenance of structures and objects holding artistic and social relevance in Havana city. The aim of this paper is to present two examples of X -ray Fluorescence and Diffraction materials characterization, intended to support conservation and restoration activities of the Cuban cultural and historic heritage: analyzed objects were pottery roof tiles for the restoration of the mansion known as The Green House at 5th Avenue, Miramar, as well as pigments from a Cuban fine artist's canvas and palette.
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Cheese whey (CW) is the main waste generated in the cheesemaking process and has high organic matter content and acidity. Therefore, CW disposal is a challenge for small to medium enterprises (SMEs) in the dairy industry that do not have any type of treatment plant. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an attractive process for solving this problem. The aim of this research was to determine the biomethane and struvite precipitation potentials of CW from four dairy SMEs. First, changes in CW properties (organic matter and pH) were evaluated. Second, biomethane and struvite potentials were assessed using cattle slurry as inoculum. The organic matter in CW varied from 40 to 65gVS/kg, 65 to 140g COD/L, and 2 to 10g/L for VFAs depending on the sampling time and type of sample. The pH of the CW samples ranged from 3 to 6.5. In the anaerobic biodegradability analysis, methane yields reached 0.51 to 0.60L CH4/g VSadded, which represented electrical and caloric potentials of 54 and 108kWh/m3 for CW, respectively. Organic matter removal in all experiments was above 83%. Moreover, anaerobic digestates presented NH4+/PO43- molar ratios between 2.6 and 4.0, which are adequate for struvite precipitation with potential production of 8.5-10.4g struvite/L CW. Finally, the use of biogas as energetic supplement and struvite as soil fertilizer, represents economics saves of US$ 6.91/m3 CW and US$ 5.75/m3 CW in therms of electricity and fertilizer use, respectively. The energetic, agricultural and economic potentials, evidence that AD process is a feasible alternative for cheese whey treatment.
Assuntos
Biocombustíveis , Reatores Biológicos , Países em Desenvolvimento , Soro do Leite , Anaerobiose , Animais , Bovinos , Queijo , MetanoRESUMO
Leishmaniases comprise zoonotic diseases caused by protozoan flagellates of the Leishmania genus. They are endemic to South America, and the visceral form has been recently reported in Argentina. Dogs can play different roles in the Leishmania transmission cycles, depending mainly on the species of parasite involved. Here we focused on the clinical characterization of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in Northeast Argentina and on the molecular typing of its etiological agent. The nested polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis of the Leishmania cytochrome b (cyt b) gene was performed on DNA templates purified from lymph nodes, bone marrow or spleen aspirates obtained from 48 dogs previously diagnosed by the observation of Leishmania amastigotes on smears from these aspirates. Their clinical and epidemiological data were also recorded. Systemic abnormalities were observed in 46 subjects (95.8%), most frequently lymphadenopathy, and emaciation (89.6 and 75%). Furthermore, 87% also presented tegumentary abnormalities, such as alopecia (54.2%) or secondary skin lesions (47.9%), among others. Twenty three dogs were positive for cyt b amplification. The sequence analysis showed the presence of two genotypes, LiA1 and LiA2, assigned to Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum, with 99.9 and 100% homology with the reference strain MHOM/TN/80/IPT1 respectively. LiA1 was identified in 18 cases (78.3%) and LiA2 in five (21.7%). Two cyt b variants of L. (L.) infantum were incriminated as the causative agents of CanL cases from three cities: Posadas, Garupá, and Ituzaingó. All three cities are located in the northeastern area of the country, where these parasites seem to be spreading in urban areas.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Reservatórios de Doenças , Cães , Feminino , Leishmania infantum/genética , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , ZoonosesRESUMO
Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne protozoan infection affecting over 350 million people around the world. In Argentina cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in nine provinces and visceral leishmaniasis is spreading from autochthonous transmission foci in seven provinces. However, there is limited information about the diversity of the parasite in this country. Implementation of molecular strategies for parasite typing, particularly multilocus sequence typing (MLST), represents an improved approach for genetic variability and population dynamics analyses. We selected six loci as candidates implemented in reference strains and Argentinean isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed high correlation with taxonomic classification of the parasite. Autochthonous Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis showed higher genetic diversity than L. (Leishmania) infantum but low support was obtained for intra-L. braziliensis complex variants suggesting the need of new loci that contribute to phylogenetic resolution for an improved MLST or nested-MLST scheme. This study represents the first characterization of genetic variability of Leishmania spp. in Argentina.
Assuntos
Leishmania/classificação , Leishmania/genética , Leishmaniose/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose/parasitologia , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus/métodos , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , DNA de Protozoário/análise , DNA de Protozoário/genética , Cães , Haplótipos , Humanos , Leishmaniose/veterinária , FilogeniaRESUMO
CASE REPORT: The case is presented of a 29-year-old woman who complained of headache over a period of several days, with loss of visual acuity and pain in her left eye. She had a 3-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and was an immigrant from Ecuador. The funduscopic examination revealed a papilledema. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) study of the cerebrospinal fluid was positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). She showed a marked improvement after treatment with anti-TB drugs. DISCUSSION: About a third of the world's population has a latent infection of MTB, comorbidity between diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis has been reported, particularly in undeveloped countries.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Papiledema/etiologia , Tuberculose Meníngea/diagnóstico , Adulto , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Atrofia , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano/microbiologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Quimioterapia Combinada , Equador/etnologia , Reações Falso-Negativas , Feminino , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Isoniazida/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Latente/epidemiologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Oftalmoscopia , Nervo Óptico/patologia , Rifampina/uso terapêutico , Punção Espinal , Teste Tuberculínico , Tuberculose Meníngea/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Tuberculose Meníngea/complicaçõesRESUMO
Introducción: El incremento del número de personas poseedoras de un estoma, trae consigo la necesidad de contar con personal capacitado para proporcionarle los elementos necesarios para su reintegración a la vida social, familiar y laboral. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto que tiene la intervención educativa de enfermería para la rehabilitación de personas con una ostomia. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio de tipo cuasi-experimental, la muestra se constituyó de 110 personas ostomizadas de cuatro hospitales a las que se les aplicó un instrumento que fue validado por expertos en el área. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial por medio de la X2. Resultados: En los resultados se observa diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la intervención educativa y la rehabilitación laboral (p=0.000), también se observo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la intervención educativa y la rehabilitación social y familiar (p=0.000). Discusión: Coincidiendo con Montovani en donde afirma que la falta de información, educación y comunicación son la causa para que el paciente no pueda participar activamente en su autocuidado. De acuerdo con Boccardo se establece que la mayoría de los pacientes ostomizados no retornan totalmente al trabajo pero si parcialmentea sus actividades siendo ésta la parte más difícil de superar. Conclusiones: Se sustenta que la intervención educativa en personas ostomizadas planificada,estandarizada y evaluada, es fundamental para lograr su rehabilitación educativa, laboral, social y familiar.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estomia , ReabilitaçãoRESUMO
We studied some biochemical, toxic and immunological characteristics of the venoms of Bothrops atrox, Bothrops brazili and Lachesis muta, Viperidae responsible for most of the bites of venomous snakes in French Guiana. Chromatographic (HPLC) and electrophoretical profiles (SDS-PAGE), lethal, hemorrhagic, defibrinogenating, coagulant, thrombin like, proteolytic, fibrino(geno)lytic and phospholipase activities were studied. In addition, the neutralization of some toxic activities conferred by four antivenins was compared. The chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles were different for the three venoms, showing differences between Bothrops and L. muta venoms. In general, bothropic venoms showed the highest toxic and enzymatic activities, while the venom of L. muta showed the lowest lethal, hemorrhagic and coagulant activities. The enzymes of bothropic venoms responsible for gelatinolytic activity were around 50-90 kDa. All the venoms were able to hydrolyze a and beta chains of the fibrinogen, showing different patterns of degradation. Although all the antivenoms tested were effective to various degrees in neutralizing the venom of B. brazili and B. atrox, neutralization of L. muta venom was significantly better achieved using the antivenom including this venom in its immunogenic mixture. For the neutralization of L. muta venom, homologous or polyvalent antivenoms that include the "bushmaster" venom in their immunogenic mixture should be preferred.
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Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Venenos de Serpentes/classificação , Venenos de Serpentes/toxicidade , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas/tratamento farmacológico , Mordeduras e Picadas/epidemiologia , Venenos de Crotalídeos/toxicidade , Guiana Francesa/epidemiologia , Humanos , Testes de Neutralização , Venenos de Víboras/toxicidadeRESUMO
An eight-year old boy from Posadas (27 masculine 23'S, 55 masculine 54'W) was diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) during 2006. Lutzomyia longipalpis was discovered in the backyard of his house, while the spread of canine visceral leishmaniasis was confirmed in Posadas. This is the southernmost report of a VL transmission focus and the first in Argentina.
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Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Psychodidae , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Humanos , Leishmaniose Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , MasculinoRESUMO
An eight-year old boy from Posadas (27º 23'S, 55º 54'W) was diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) during 2006. Lutzomyia longipalpis was discovered in the backyard of his house, while the spread of canine visceral leishmaniasis was confirmed in Posadas. This is the southernmost report of a VL transmission focus and the first in Argentina.
Assuntos
Animais , Criança , Cães , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Psychodidae , Argentina/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterináriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exanthematic diseases are a group of syndromes mainly caused by acute viral infections. AIM: To obtain information about the viruses that cause exanthematic diseases in our region. PATIENTS AND METHODS: During 1998, 267 serum samples from patients with an acute rash or patients presenting a febrile syndrome accompanied by enlarged lymph nodes, headache and other symptoms, were collected. Specific antibody of the IgM class (anti-IgM) against Rubella, Measles, Dengue types 1-4 and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) were measured by immunoenzymatic assay (EIA). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibodies were measured by immunofluorescence. RESULTS: An etiologic agent was detected in 208 cases (77.9%). Cases due to Dengue (40.6%) and Rubella (21%) viruses predominated, but the frequency of other agents was also high in specific age groups. The agreement between the clinical suspicion and the laboratory findings varied broadly, from a 100% for suspected Dengue to just a 14.8% for cases of suspected CMV infection. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue was the most common viral exanthematic disease in the Zulia State during 1998.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Exantema/virologia , Dengue Grave/sangue , Febre/virologia , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Doença Aguda , Dengue Grave/complicações , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/sangue , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/complicações , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/sangue , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/complicações , Síndrome , VenezuelaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The assessment of the needs for care for long term severe ill patients has been one of the areas of greatest interest since the community mental health system was established. OBJECTIVE: This study has aimed to describe the needs for care of a group of schizophrenic patients and to know if these needs are met by the public mental health network. METHODS: A cohort of 83 schizophrenic patients was selected. The diagnosis was confirmed by the SCAN method. The Needs for Care Assessment instrument was used to assess the needs for care of the patients. RESULTS: The positive psychotic symptoms (98%) followed by slowness and underactivity (71%) are the most common clinical problems between the patients of the cohort. In regards to skills and abilities, the most common are those related with work (49%) and house keeping (domestic work, getting meal and domestic shopping, with 42, 41 and 41%, respectively). In regards to the state of the need, 81% of the clinical problems are covered while this is only 40% in the social area. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical needs of the schizophrenic patients can be met by the mental health services established, oriented to the community care. However, attending social needs requires more rehabilitation, occupational and residential resources to be developed.
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Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/organização & administração , Avaliação das Necessidades , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Desinstitucionalização , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , EspanhaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a high rate of Toxoplasma gondii infection worldwide. In Latin America the rate is as high as 65% in some populations. AIM: To measure the prevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in a native Yucpa community in Venezuela. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Total serum antibodies measured by indirect hemagglutination and IgM antibodies by ELISA were measured in 94 Yucpa subjects (49 males), aged from 3 months to 100 years. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of infection was 63%. Fifty nine subjects had total antibodies and 14 had IgM antibodies. No significant differences by age or sex, were observed in the proportion of subjects with positive total or IgM antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The studied individuals had a high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Indígenas Sul-Americanos , Toxoplasmose/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Distribuição por Idade , Distribuição por Sexo , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores de Risco , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/imunologia , Toxoplasmose/transmissão , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The present study analyzed several characters of the red seaweed Gymnogongrus torulosus, such as cellular structure of the thallus, cuticle, pit plug and cell wall ultrastructure, and morphology of some organelles like plastids, Golgi bodies and mitochondria. Also, anomalous chloroplasts with thylakoid disorganization were found in medullary cells. The significance of this thylakoid disposition is still unclear. This is one of the first studies focused on the fine structure of a red alga recorded in Argentina.
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Alga Marinha/ultraestrutura , Rodófitas/ultraestrutura , Organelas/ultraestrutura , Alga Marinha/fisiologia , Rodófitas/fisiologia , Complexo de Golgi/fisiologia , Complexo de Golgi/ultraestrutura , Cloroplastos/fisiologia , Cloroplastos/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias/ultraestrutura , Organelas/fisiologia , Parede Celular/fisiologia , Parede Celular/ultraestrutura , Plastídeos/fisiologia , Plastídeos/ultraestrutura , Tilacoides/fisiologia , Tilacoides/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The present study analyzed several characters of the red seaweed Gymnogongrus torulosus, such as cellular structure of the thallus, cuticle, pit plug and cell wall ultrastructure, and morphology of some organelles like plastids, Golgi bodies and mitochondria. Also, anomalous chloroplasts with thylakoid disorganization were found in medullary cells. The significance of this thylakoid disposition is still unclear. This is one of the first studies focused on the fine structure of a red alga recorded in Argentina. (AU)
Assuntos
RESEARCH SUPPORT, NON-U.S. GOVT , Rodófitas/ultraestrutura , Organelas/ultraestrutura , Alga Marinha/ultraestrutura , Rodófitas/fisiologia , Parede Celular/fisiologia , Parede Celular/ultraestrutura , Cloroplastos/fisiologia , Cloroplastos/ultraestrutura , Complexo de Golgi/fisiologia , Complexo de Golgi/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica , Mitocôndrias/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias/ultraestrutura , Organelas/fisiologia , Plastídeos/fisiologia , Plastídeos/ultraestrutura , Alga Marinha/fisiologia , Tilacoides/fisiologia , Tilacoides/ultraestruturaRESUMO
A novel series of DL-galactan hybrids extracted from the red seaweed Gymnogongrus torulosus, was evaluated for its in vitro antiviral properties against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and dengue virus 2 (DEN-2). These compounds were very active against both viruses with inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) values in the range 0.6-16 microg/ml for HSV-2 and 0.19-1.7 microg/ml for DEN-2, respectively, as determined in a virus plaque reduction assay in Vero cells. The DL-galactans lacked of cytotoxic effects, on stationary as well as on actively dividing cells, and anticoagulant properties. Some of the compounds showed a variable level of direct inactivating effect on both virions, with virucidal concentration 50% values exceeding the IC50s obtained by plaque reduction assay. Full inhibitory activity was achieved when the galactans were present during virus adsorption period, suggesting that the mode of action of these compounds is an interference in the binding of the surface envelope glycoprotein with the cell receptor.
Assuntos
Antivirais/farmacologia , Vírus da Dengue/efeitos dos fármacos , Galactanos/farmacologia , Herpesvirus Humano 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Alga Marinha/química , Adsorção/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antivirais/isolamento & purificação , Antivirais/toxicidade , Chlorocebus aethiops , Galactanos/isolamento & purificação , Galactanos/toxicidade , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Simplexvirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Tempo de Trombina , Células Vero , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
The prevalence and importance of Cyclospora cayetanensis as an enteropathogen among 71 patients (22-45 years old) with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 132 children with diarrhea (0-12 years old) from Venezuela was assessed retrospectively. Two to three stool samples from each patient attending our parasitology laboratory for parasitologic and medical assistance were examined. For identification of the coccidium, modified Ziehl-Neelsen carbolfuchsin staining of formalin-ether stool concentrates was used, and for other intestinal parasites, iron-hematoxylin-stained smears and formalin-ether concentrates were examined. Cyclospora oocysts were found in seven (9.8%) of 71 AIDS patients and seven (5.3%) of 132 children with diarrhea. Other pathogenic parasites were present in most of the patients (9 of 14, 64.3%) shedding oocysts. Cyclosporiasis predominated in children 2-5 years of age with respect to those < or = one year of age (P < 0.05). The findings suggest that C. cayetanensis is common in diarrheal patients from Venezuela. However, the role of the parasite as the causal agent of diarrhea in these patients is uncertain.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Ciclosporíase/epidemiologia , Diarreia/parasitologia , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cyclospora , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/etiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Imunocompetência , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oócitos , Prevalência , Estudos Retrospectivos , Venezuela/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In the present study the effects of chronic manganese (Mn) treatment on adenosine A2a receptor binding in mouse brain have been assessed. Male albino mice were divided in two groups: In the Mn-treated group, the animals were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with MnCl2 (5 mg/kg/day) five days per week during 9 weeks; in the control group, they were injected likewise with a saline solution. A significant decrease of the Kd without alteration of Bmax in the cerebellum and, an increase of the Kd and Bmax in hippocampus of mice treated with Mn were found. Also, an increase of Kd in frontal cortex was observed. The binding parameters in caudate nucleus, olfactory bulb and hypothalamus were not altered by Mn. A significant decrease in the adenosine concentration in caudate nucleus, olfactory bulb and hypothalamus, without significant changes in hippocampus, frontal cortex and cerebellum was also detected. These findings suggest that chronic administration of Mn could affect adenosine receptor function and turnover, depending on the brain region analyzed.
Assuntos
Adenosina/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Cloretos/farmacologia , Compostos de Manganês/farmacologia , Receptores Purinérgicos P1/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Caudado/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Caudado/metabolismo , Cerebelo/efeitos dos fármacos , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Cloretos/administração & dosagem , Lobo Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Lobo Frontal/metabolismo , Hipocampo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Compostos de Manganês/administração & dosagem , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Bulbo Olfatório/metabolismo , Especificidade de Órgãos , Receptor A2A de AdenosinaRESUMO
A survey of 447 Amerindians aged 1-69 years (mean age, 18.6 +/- 15.8 years) in 3 mountain and 1 lowland communities from Venezuela were studied to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, the environmental risk factors for the infection, and how the process of acculturation may affect the transmission rate. Serum samples were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies by a commercial indirect hemagglutination test. The overall prevalence of infection was 49.7% (222 of 447) and ranged 38.2-62.4%. A higher antibody rate was found in the lowland setting as compared with those from the mountain area (P < 0.001). The geometric mean titer in the overall population was 280.3. No age-antibody association was detected in the mountain communities, although a gradual increase in positivity with increasing age (P < 0.01) was observed in the lowland setting, reaching a peak of 83.3% in the oldest group. The results suggest that transmission by infective cat feces may play a predominant role in the spread of infection in this population. This study demonstrates the environmental Toxoplasma infection pressure in this sylvatic population and how transmission rate is facilitated by environmental changes produced by acculturation.