RESUMO
Ferdinand Magellan's maritime expedition that resulted in the circumnavigation of the Earth and the discovery of the strait that bears his name is among the greatest feats in history. The trip, which took more than three years, was not completed by Magellan, who died on the island of Mactan, Philippines in a scuffle with the locals. As reported in Magellan's voyage journal written by Pigafetta, Magellan died after receiving a poisoned arrow in his right leg. This study reviews the main compounds used by indigenous from the Philippines and Southeast Asian to poison their arrows, their agents, and effects. These poisons are mainly derived from Aconitum and other species, such as Strychnos, Lophopetalum, Beaumontia, and Strophanthus. They contain cardiac alkaloids and glycosides, which can produce neurological and cardiac effects in just a few minutes. We argue that these toxic effects hindered the withdrawal of Magellan from the beach, facilitating his death in hands of the locals.
Assuntos
Humanos , VenenosRESUMO
Background: The resolution of claims at healthcare institutions is an important issue for administrators. Aim: To analyze the causes of healthcare-related claims in a private, clinical health center. Material and Methods: All claims processed at the audit unit of a clinical hospital between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed. Results: In the study period, 602 complaints were recorded, representing a rate of one claim for every 1,000 services provided. The two main causes of complaints were sub-standard interaction with the doctor such as communication or lack of empathy, corresponding to 21% of cases, and complaints related to care costs, quotes, and insurance coverage (21%). The highest number of complaints originated in emergency care, but the highest rate by number of healthcare services provided occurred in hospitalization in the Mental Health and the Adult Critical Care units. Roughly, 75% of the complaints were settled with a phone call to the patient, which allowed to explain what happened and to apologize accordingly. In 21% of the cases, one or more meetings were held with the patient, a family member, or his/her legal representative to settle an agreement. In 3.5% of cases a mediation process through an independent third party was required. Only 1% of the claims resulted in a legal action. Conclusions: The importance of cultivating an adequate physician-patient relationship for the prevention of complaints and eventual litigations associated with the provision of healthcare services, is emphasized. Quality control policies and processes within healthcare organizations should be strengthened.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Hospitais , Relações Médico-Paciente , Comunicação , Instalações de SaúdeRESUMO
Ferdinand Magellan's maritime expedition that resulted in the circumnavigation of the Earth and the discovery of the strait that bears his name is among the greatest feats in history. The trip, which took more than three years, was not completed by Magellan, who died on the island of Mactan, Philippines in a scuffle with the locals. As reported in Magellan's voyage journal written by Pigafetta, Magellan died after receiving a poisoned arrow in his right leg. This study reviews the main compounds used by indigenous from the Philippines and Southeast Asian to poison their arrows, their agents, and effects. These poisons are mainly derived from Aconitum and other species, such as Strychnos, Lophopetalum, Beaumontia, and Strophanthus. They contain cardiac alkaloids and glycosides, which can produce neurological and cardiac effects in just a few minutes. We argue that these toxic effects hindered the withdrawal of Magellan from the beach, facilitating his death in hands of the locals.
Assuntos
Venenos , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The resolution of claims at healthcare institutions is an important issue for administrators. AIM: To analyze the causes of healthcare-related claims in a private, clinical health center. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All claims processed at the audit unit of a clinical hospital between 2016 and 2019 were analyzed. RESULTS: In the study period, 602 complaints were recorded, representing a rate of one claim for every 1,000 services provided. The two main causes of complaints were sub-standard interaction with the doctor such as communication or lack of empathy, corresponding to 21% of cases, and complaints related to care costs, quotes, and insurance coverage (21%). The highest number of complaints originated in emergency care, but the highest rate by number of healthcare services provided occurred in hospitalization in the Mental Health and the Adult Critical Care units. Roughly, 75% of the complaints were settled with a phone call to the patient, which allowed to explain what happened and to apologize accordingly. In 21% of the cases, one or more meetings were held with the patient, a family member, or his/her legal representative to settle an agreement. In 3.5% of cases a mediation process through an independent third party was required. Only 1% of the claims resulted in a legal action. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of cultivating an adequate physician-patient relationship for the prevention of complaints and eventual litigations associated with the provision of healthcare services, is emphasized. Quality control policies and processes within healthcare organizations should be strengthened.
Assuntos
Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Hospitais , Adulto , Comunicação , Feminino , Instalações de Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Relações Médico-PacienteRESUMO
Gastrointestinal bezoars are a concretion of indigested material that can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and some animals. This material forms an intraluminal mass, more commonly located in the stomach. During a large period of history animal bezoars were considered antidotes to poisons and diseases. We report a historical overview since bezoars stones were thought to have medicinal properties. This magic conception was introduced in South America by Spanish conquerors. In Chile, bezoars are commonly found in a camelid named guanaco (Lama guanicoe). People at Central Chile and the Patagonia believed that bezoar stones had magical properties and they were traded at very high prices. In Santiago, during the eighteenth century the Jesuit apothecary sold preparations of bezoar stones. The human bezoars may be formed by non-digestible material like cellulose (phytobezoar), hair (trichobezoar), conglomerations of medications or his vehicles (pharmacobezoar or medication bezoar), milk and mucus component (lactobezoar) or other varieties of substances. This condition may be asymptomatic or can produce abdominal pain, ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastric outlet obstruction, perforation and mechanical intestinal obstruction. We report their classification, diagnostic modalities and treatment.
Assuntos
Bezoares/história , Gastroenteropatias/história , Animais , Chile , Cultura , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XXI , História Medieval , HumanosRESUMO
Gastrointestinal bezoars are a concretion of indigested material that can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and some animals. This material forms an intraluminal mass, more commonly located in the stomach. During a large period of history animal bezoars were considered antidotes to poisons and diseases. We report a historical overview since bezoars stones were thought to have medicinal properties. This magic conception was introduced in South America by Spanish conquerors. In Chile, bezoars are commonly found in a camelid named guanaco (Lama guanicoe). People at Central Chile and the Patagonia believed that bezoar stones had magical properties and they were traded at very high prices. In Santiago, during the eighteenth century the Jesuit apothecary sold preparations of bezoar stones. The human bezoars may be formed by non-digestible material like cellulose (phytobezoar), hair (trichobezoar), conglomerations of medications or his vehicles (pharmacobezoar or medication bezoar), milk and mucus component (lactobezoar) or other varieties of substances. This condition may be asymptomatic or can produce abdominal pain, ulceration, gastrointestinal bleeding, gastric outlet obstruction, perforation and mechanical intestinal obstruction. We report their classification, diagnostic modalities and treatment.
Assuntos
Humanos , Animais , História Medieval , História do Século XVI , História do Século XVII , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XXI , Bezoares/história , Gastroenteropatias/história , Chile , CulturaRESUMO
Caroli disease is a cystic congenital malformation of the intrahepatic biliary tract, frequently associated with lithiasis. Commonly, cystic dilatations are bilateral and infrequently they affect only one hepatic lobule or segment. We report six patients with localized Caroli disease, three in the right and three in the left hepatic lobule, that were subjected to a hepatic resection. There were no postoperative complications or mortality. After 28 months of follow up, patients are asymptomatic and with normal hepatic function and ultrasonography. The importance of diagnosing localized Caroli disease, in which hepatic resection can be curative, is emphasized
Assuntos
Humanos , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença de Caroli , Hepatectomia , Colangiografia , Colelitíase , Cálculos Biliares , Doença de CaroliRESUMO
El trauma arterial de extremidades (TAE) es una condición grave, con alta morbilidad que es dependiente de un oportuno diagnóstico y adecuado tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los resultados del manejo del TAE por el cirujano no especialista. Se trata del análisis retrospectivo de 52 TAE operados en el Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago (1991-2000). Evaluación de la localización, mecanismo, métodos diagnósticos y técnicas de reparación. Comparación entre trauma cerrado y trauma penetrante y entre lesión de extremidad superior e interior. Análisis estadístico con test de Fisher, considerando significativa p<0,05. Son 45 pacientes, edad x 33,1 ñ 10,1 años. Hombres el 97,8 por ciento. Lesión de extremidad superior (ES) 26 casos, cerrada en 12 (TC) y penetrante en 14 (TP). En 19 la lesión fue de extremidad inferior (EI), cerrada en 14. Se empleó angiografía en el 53,3 por ciento. 35/45 pacientes (77,7 por ciento) hubo lesiones asociadas, 92,3 por ciento en TC (p<0,05). El 80 por ciento se operó antes de 6 horas. La interposición venosa fue la principal forma de reparación (54 por ciento) más el TC que en TP (p<0,05). Anastomosis primaria o arteriorrafia en el 26,0 por ciento. Se realizó fasciotomía en el 3,8 por ciento. ES y 52,6 por ciento EI (p<0,05). Seis pacientes se reoperaron. Cuatro resultaron en amputación, sólo tres por causa vascular (6,7 por ciento). Las secuelas esqueléticas y neurológicas fueron frecuentes (46,31 por ciento), mayor en TC (p<0,05). No hubo mortalidad. Se confirma la mayor gravedad del TC y se concluye que el TAE puede ser tratado satisfactoriamente por el cirujano general
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Traumatismos do Braço , Artérias , Traumatismos da Perna , Angiografia , Traumatismos do Braço , Traumatismos da Perna , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/métodosRESUMO
El resultado de la atención de trauma no sólo se mide a través de la mortalidad, sino también por otros parámetros, entre ellos, el desarrollo de discapacidades postraumáticas. Quisimos conocer en un grupo de pacientes traumatizados que ingresan graves a reanimación, los índices de mortalidad y sobrevida, con y sin secuelas. Se efectuó un análisis retrospectivo de 50 casos clínicos, ingresados al Hospital del Trabajador de Santiago entre 1998 y 1999, separados en aquellos que requirieron intubación traqueal IT (n=25) y otros 25 sin intervención sobre vía aérea (no-IT). Análisis estadístico por medio del test de Fisher y tStuden, considerándose significativa una p<0,001. La mayoría era de sexo masculino, edad promedio 35 años. En el grupo IT destacó como causa la caída de altura y entre las lesiones, las craneoencefálicas. De ellos fallecieron 8 (32 por ciento) y de los 17 sobrevivientes, 11 pacientes (64,7 por ciento) presentaron secuelas, fundamentalmente neurológicas. En el grupo no-IT, predominaron los accidentes vehiculares y las lesiones esqueléticas. No hubo mortalidad (p<0,001) y el 44 por ciento presentó secuelas, especialmente de tipo ortopédico. Se concluye que el trauma cráneo encefálico grave, representado por la necesidad de intubación traqueal, condiciona una elevada mortalidad y una alta incidencia de secuelas neurológicas
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais , Intubação Intratraqueal/métodos , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar/métodos , Acidentes por Quedas , Acidentes de Trânsito , Evolução Clínica , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Se analiza la evolución clínica de 37 pacientes adultos con un traumatismo cerrado del hígado y de bazo que fueron manejados en forma no-operatoria (1991-2000). Los pacientes 81 por ciento hombres, edad promedio 34 años, fueron admitidos en urgencia hemodinámicamente estables y se les practicó una Tomografía Axial del abdomen. Se diagnosticaron 22 traumatismos del hígado y 15 del bazo. Sobre el 90 por ciento tenía lesiones asociadas (Indice de Gravedad Lesional 20,5 y 21,5 respectivamente). Más de la mitad de las lesiones de ambos órganos era mayor y entre el 72 por ciento y el 86 por ciento se acompañaron de hemoperitoneo. El 18 por ciento de los pacientes con lesión hepática requirió transfusión (0,45 U/paciente) y el 20 por ciento de los con lesión de bazo fueron transfundidos (0,40 U/paciente). Sólo un paciente con lesión hepática y dos con lesión esplénica debieron ser operados, lo que significa un éxito de la conducta no operatoria del 95,5 por ciento y 86.6 por ciento respectivamente. No hubo mortalidad ni complicaciones tardías. Se concluye que el manejo no-operatorio del trauma de hígado o bazo es una alternativa segura de tratamiento en casos seleccionados
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Traumatismos Abdominais , Fígado/lesões , Ruptura Esplênica , Traumatismos Abdominais , Hemoperitônio , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Transfusão de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Cleopatra VII, one of the last Egyptian sovereigns of the ptolomeic dynasty, is envisioned as a mythic figure, surrounded by intrigues and mystery. Her mysterious death was caused, according to history, by a snake bite. This article shows some instances of great Cleopatra's life and the state of the art on snake venoms. Even at the present time, snake bites are a public health problem in Asia, Africa, Central and South America, causing more than 25000 deaths every year. Most snake venoms have a protein structure and cause neurotoxic and hemolytic effects, altering coagulation and fibrinolysis. The mortality due to snake bites fluctuates between 1 and 22 per cent. Specific treatment includes the use of specific antiserums with highly purified components
Assuntos
Humanos , Venenos de Serpentes , História da MedicinaAssuntos
Humanos , Cirurgia Geral/história , Mundo Romano , Mundo Grego , Ética Médica/história , História da MedicinaRESUMO
We report two males and one female, aged 71, 81 and 73 years old respectively, previously operated of a renal cell carcinoma. During the follow up of the 71 years old male, the CAT scan showed three lesions in the pancreas. Also, the CAT scan in the female showed one lesion in the tail of the pancreas. The 81 years old male was admitted to the emergency room due to a upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy showed a proliferating lesion in the second portion of the duodenum whose biopsy showed a clear cell carcinoma. The CAT scan showed also a tumoral mass in the head of the pancreas. All three patients were subjected to surgical resection of the tumors without postoperative complications or mortality
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Renais/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Renais/complicações , Pancreatectomia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Esplenectomia , Pancreaticoduodenectomia , Metástase Neoplásica/diagnósticoRESUMO
Se analizan y discuten, considerando el actual estado del arte, dos artículos que abordan las heridas por armas de fuego, aparecidos en The New Journal of Medicine en 1812 y 1814. Destaca un significativo cambio tanto del aspecto formal como énfasis puesto en las distintas materias del contenido. En relación con la forma, se aprecia una modificación especialmemte del lenguaje, el que es muy descriptivo y humanista en los artículos mencionados, respecto de la literatura médica actual. En cuanto al contenido, se adelantan conceptos hoy considerados fundamentales: control proximal y distal en una lesión vascular, y que el pronóstico de una extremidad lesionada depende de la coexistencia de daño vascular nervioso, oseo y de partes blandas
Assuntos
Humanos , Extremidades/lesões , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/classificação , Amputação Cirúrgica , Prognóstico , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/complicações , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/história , Ferimentos por Arma de Fogo/cirurgiaRESUMO
We report a 26 years old male that suffered a motorcycle accident resulting in a traumatic aortic rupture and splenic laceration. He was subjected to a surgical repair of the aortic lesion under complete heparinization. The splenic rupture was non operatively managed successfully
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Ruptura Esplênica/complicações , Ruptura Aórtica/complicações , Ruptura Esplênica/terapia , Aortografia , Heparina/uso terapêutico , Falso Aneurisma/cirurgia , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/métodos , Ruptura Aórtica/cirurgiaRESUMO
We report a 23 years old male admitted to the hospital after a fall from a great altitude with severe trauma. During the second week of hospitalization he presented a severe nosebleed that did not respond to conventional tamponade. A selective angiography was performed and the branches of the internal maxillary artery were embolized in two occasions, stopping the bleeding. The patient was discharged from the hospital after 71 days of hospitalization