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Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide sourced from crustaceans and insects, is often used with hydrogels in wound care. Evaluating its cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties is crucial for its potential use in dentistry. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanical properties of gelatin hydrogels based on decaethylated chitosan and antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and their biological effects with stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gelatin-chitosan hydrogels were synthesized at concentrations of 0%, 0.2% and 0.5%. Enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation, along with swelling capacity, was assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was employed to characterize the hydrogels. The interaction between hydrogels and SCAPs was examined through initial adhesion and cell proliferation at 24 and 48 h, using the Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium Bromide (MTT assay). The antimicrobial effect was evaluated using agar diffusion and a microdilution test against S. mutans. Uniaxial tensile strength (UTS) was also measured to assess the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. RESULTS: The hydrogels underwent hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation at 30, 220, 300 min and 15, 25, 30 min, respectively. Significantly, (p < 0.01) swelling capacity occurred at 20, 40, 30 min, respectively. Gelatin-chitosan hydrogels' functional groups were confirmed using vibrational pattern analysis. SCAPs proliferation corresponded to 24 h = 73 ± 2%, 82 ± 2%, 61 ± 6% and 48 h = 83 ± 11%, 86 ± 2%, 44 ± 2%, respectively. The bacterial survival of hydrogel interaction was found to be 96 ± 1%, 17 ± 1.5% (p < 0.01) and 1 ± 0.5% (p < 0.01), respectively. UTS showed enhanced (p < 0.05) mechanical properties with chitosan presence. CONCLUSION: Gelatin-chitosan hydrogels displayed favorable degradation, swelling capacity, mild dose-dependent cytotoxicity, significant proliferation with stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs), substantial antimicrobial effects against S. mutans and enhanced mechanical properties. These findings highlight their potential applications as postoperative care dressings.

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Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus desencadena en algunas ocasiones la hospitalización de los pacientes en un área crítica, convirtiéndose en un acontecimiento incierto y desconocido. Objetivo: Explorar las experiencias de pacientes Covid-19 en su transición por cuidados intensivos en la ciudad de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas en Ecuador. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con diseño fenomenológico, se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia en el que participaron ocho pacientes que estuvieron hospitalizados en el área mencionada, a los cuales se aplicó entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados: Se obtuvieron las categorías: Aceptación frente al ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos, Sentimientos ante la muerte, Incertidumbre por su enfermedad durante la hospitalización, Valorar la vida posterior al egreso, Sentimientos positivos al egresar de la unidad de cuidado intensivo, Sentimientos negativos al ingresar a la unidad de cuidado intensivo, Permanecer aislado de la familia, Acercamiento a Dios y a la familia y Fortalecimiento de vínculo entre enfermero-paciente. Conclusiones: Ingresar a la unidad de cuidados intensivos generó sentimientos negativos en los pacientes, al ocasionar inseguridad sobre el futuro de los mismos. De modo similar, durante su hospitalización presentaron temor a la muerte e incertidumbre por la enfermedad, sin embargo, tuvieron mecanismos de afrontamiento como el aferrarse a Dios, a la familia y contar con el cuidado de enfermería. En cuanto al egreso de los pacientes, manifestaron alegría y felicidad, valorando una nueva oportunidad de vida.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease sometimes triggers hospitalization of patients in a critical area, becoming an uncertain and unknown event. Objective: To explore the experiences of Covid-19 patients in their transition through intensive care in the city of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas in Ecuador. Methods: Qualitative study with phenomenological design, a convenience sampling was carried out with the participation of 8 patients who were hospitalized in the aforementioned area, to whom semi-structured interviews were applied. Results : The following categories were obtained: Acceptance of admission to the intensive care unit, Feelings about death, Uncertainty about their illness during hospitalization, Valuing life after discharge, Positive feelings upon discharge from the intensive care unit, Negative feelings upon admission to the intensive care unit, Remaining isolated from the family, Closeness to God and the family and Strengthening of the nurse-patient bond. Conclusions: Entering the intensive care unit generated negative feelings in patients, causing insecurity about their future. Similarly, during their hospitalization they presented fear of death and uncertainty about the disease; however, they had coping mechanisms such as clinging to God, to the family and counting on nursing care. As for the patients' discharge, they expressed joy and happiness, valuing a new opportunity in life.

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Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common clinical presentation of panniculitis, an inflammatory process that affects subcutaneous cellular tissue, characterized by the acute appearance of painful erythematous nodules predominantly in the lower extremities. An unusual case of EN is presented below, secondary to the administration of zoledronic acid (ZA) and denosumab, in which incidental histopathological findings of calciphylaxis were also found.

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Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by bone pain, pathologic fractures, bone destruction, and secondary hypercalcemia, all these conditions impact on health-related quality of life of patients. The objective was to evaluate the global health state and health-related quality of life in a group of patients with MM who attended a tertiary health-care center of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social in Mexico, through the questionnaires designed by European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) quality of life group. Exploratory cross-sectional study in patients with MM treated in a Department of Hematology in a High-Specialty Medical Unit was conducted. Patients older than 18 years of age, men and women, were selected, and their informed written consent was obtained. We included all consecutive cases treated from January 2012 to December 2014. Questionnaires EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-MY20, and EORTC IN-PATSAT-32 were used. We studied 37 patients, 19 (51%) men and 18 women. The mean age was 61.9 years. Twenty-two (59.46%) patients presented with clinical stage III. The mean time for diagnosis was 33.11 months. The most used first-line treatment schedule was melphalan/prednisone/thalidomide (15; 40%). The global health median was 66.67, and symptoms showed a median score of 22.22. Treatment side effects score was 16.67; for general satisfaction, the median score was 75. In conclusion, the patients showed an advanced clinical stage and poor prognosis but had scores higher than 50 in functional scales and lower than 50 for symptom scales. The scores for symptom scales were related to age, renal failure, and disease-free survival. Identification of quality of life and satisfaction of care markers allow for early therapeutic intervention and efficiency and enable a change in quality of life and perception of care in Health Services.

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Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de la hemorragia pulmonar en pacientes ingresados en Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados. Metodología: estudio de casos y controles en pacientes en soporte ventilatorio con diagnóstico confirmado de hemorragia pulmonar con criterios de inclusión previamente definidos. Los controles fueron pareados por sexo y se seleccionaron en relación con el siguiente ingreso a la sala de Neonatología después de un caso con una diferencia de peso de ±200 gramos y una edad gestacional de ±1 semana. Se identificaron características asociadas con el cuadro sintomático divididas en factores prenatales y postnatales. La recolección de datos se hizo mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS; se usó estadística descriptiva y para el análisis se usó tablas cruzadas y evaluación de odds ratio. Se calculó la prevalencia del problema. Resultados: un total de 1.039 pacientes fueron atendidos en la sala de Neonatología. Se registraron 17 casos de hemorragia pulmonar. Con los criterios de inclusión planteados, solamente se tomaron en cuenta 12 y se parearon con 24 controles. La prevalencia de la hemorragia pulmonar fue de 1.15% con una mortalidad del 66.7%. Del total de casos, la hemorragia pulmonar se presentó en 33.3% en pacientes menores de 1.500 g y en 83.3% de prematuros, particularmente menores de 32 semanas. Factores de riesgo identificados: no uso de corticoides para maduración pulmonar en la madre gestante (OR 1.73 IC 1.40-7.36 p 0.45), hipertensión pulmonar persistente (OR 1.73 IC 1.40-7.36 p 0.45), enfermedad de membrana hialina (OR 2.0 IC 1.47-8.46 p 0.34) y uso de surfactante exógeno para el manejo de esta última (OR 3.40 IC 1.80-14.41 p 0.09). De forma independiente, la coagulopatía presentó significancia estadística relevante como causa (OR 35.0 IC 5.02-93.85 p 0.01). Conclusión: la hemorragia pulmonar es una complicación poco prevalente pero de alta mortalidad en la cual la edad gestacional y los factores asociados al manejo inmediato de las complicaciones de la prematurez son fundamentales para mejorar el pronóstico. (AU)

Objective: to determine the prevalence of pulmonary bleeding in patients admitted to neonatal intensive care and identify associated risk factors. Methodology: case-control study in patients with ventilatory support and a confirmed pulmonary hemorrhage diagnosis, with predefined inclusion criteria. Controls were matched by sex and selected in relation to the following entry in the Neonatology Intensive Care Unit after a case with a weight difference of ± 200 g and a gestational age of ± 1 week. Associated characteristics to the clinical features were identified and divided into prenatal and postnatal factors. The selection and analysis of data were made with the SPSS statistical basis; descriptive statistics were used and crossing variables with odds ratio evaluation were performed for the analysis. The problem's prevalence was also calculated. Results: a total of 1039 patients were treated at the Neonatal ICU, where we recorded 17 cases of pulmonary hemorrhage, with inclusion criteria defined, there were taken 12 that matched with 24 controls. The prevalence of pulmonary hemorrhage was 1.15% with a mortality of 66.7%. From all the cases, pulmonary hemorrhage occurred in 33.3%, in patients with less than 1500 g and in 83.3% of preterm infants, particularly in those under 32 weeks. They were identified as risk factors not to use steroids for lung maturity during the pregnancy (OR 1.73 CI 1.40 to 7.36 p 0.45), persistent pulmonary hypertension (OR 1.73 CI 1.40-7.36 p 0.45), hyaline membrane disease (OR 2.0 CI 1.47 to 8.46 p 0.34) and the use of exogenous surfactant therapy for the management of it (OR 3 40 CI 1.80 to 14.41 p 0.09). Independently, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, had more relevant statistical significance as a cause (OR 35.0 CI 5.02 to 93.85 p 0.01). Conclusion: pulmonary hemorrhage is a poor prevalent complication with a high mortality, in which gestational age and associated factors to the immediate management of prematurity complications are essential to improve the prognosis. (AU)

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Hydrazones exhibit a versatile chemistry and are of interest for their potential use as functional molecular systems capable of undergoing reversible changes of configuration, i.e. E/Z isomerization. The title compound, C12H12N4O, has an E configuration with respect to the hydrazone C=N bond. The crystal packing is formed by N-H...N and O-H...N hydrogen bonds that give a two-dimensional layer structure and C-H...C interactions associated with layer stacking to produce the three-dimensional supramolecular structure. These intermolecular interactions were analyzed and quantified by the Hirshfeld surface method and the two-dimensional supramolecular arrangement was topologically simplified as a hcb network.

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La enteritis eosinofílica es una patología poco frecuente, su incidencia se estima uno en 100.000 habitantes, se caracteriza por infiltración de eosinófilos en cualquiera de las capas del tracto gastrointestinal con o sin hipereosinofilia sanguínea, se asocia con síntomas alérgicos sistémicos así como elevación de los valores de Inmunoglobulina E. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina de 52 años, ingresada a la emergencia del Hospital San Francisco, Juticalpa, Honduras, con historia de dolor abdominal en región peri umbilical de 25 horas de evolución, de inicio insidioso hasta volverse continuo, con irradiación a epigastrio y fosailiaca derecha, acompañado de 4 episodios de vómito y anorexia, no presentó paro de evacuaciones ni fiebre.Los antecedentes patológicos encontrados fueron: hipertensión arterial, síndrome de colon irritable y enfermedad ácido péptico. Al examen físico el hallazgo fue dolor a la palpación profunda en fosa iliaca derecha y signo de blumberg positivo; el diagnóstico presuntivo era abdomen agudo.El examen hematológico presentó leucocitosis, 19,200 con neutrofilia, sin eosinofilia y química sanguínea sin alteración. El examen de heces resultó normal y sin parásitos. Se realizó laparotomía exploratoria y colectomía derecha, con resección de 20 cm de íleon e ileostomía. Los hallazgos transoperatorios mostraron masa tumoral de aproximadamente 6x6 cm en colon ascendente, dura pétrea adherida a pared abdominal; ganglios inflamados y abundante liquido libre; en íleon a 10 cm de la válvula ileocecal, se identificó una zona indurada con cambios inflamatorios. La paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente con plan cierre de ileostomía. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de enteritis eosinofílica como causa de abdomen agudo son infrecuentes,se debe tener presente al momento de realizar una laparotomía, ya que no todos los pacientes presentanun cuadro gastroenterico crónico o de larga evolución, puesto que esto cambia el pronóstico y tratamiento...(AU)

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Despite the great relevance of mitochondrial genome analysis in evolutionary studies, there is scarce information on how the transcripts associated with the mitogenome are expressed and their role in the genetic structuring of populations. This work reports the complete mitochondrial genome of the marine gastropod Concholepas concholepas, obtained by 454 pryosequencing, and an analysis of mitochondrial transcripts of two populations 1000 km apart along the Chilean coast. The mitochondrion of C. concholepas is 15,495 base pairs (bp) in size and contains the 37 subunits characteristic of metazoans, as well as a non-coding region of 330 bp. In silico analysis of mitochondrial gene variability showed significant differences among populations. In terms of levels of relative abundance of transcripts associated with mitochondrion in the two populations (assessed by qPCR), the genes associated with complexes III and IV of the mitochondrial genome had the highest levels of expression in the northern population while transcripts associated with the ATP synthase complex had the highest levels of expression in the southern population. Moreover, fifteen polymorphic SNPs were identified in silico between the mitogenomes of the two populations. Four of these markers implied different amino acid substitutions (non-synonymous SNPs). This work contributes novel information regarding the mitochondrial genome structure and mRNA expression levels of C. concholepas.

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Ubiquitin-conjugated E2 enzyme (UBE2) is one of the main components of the proteasome degradation cascade. Previous studies have shown an increase of expression levels in individuals challenged to some pathogen organism such as virus and bacteria. The study was to characterize the immune response of UBE2 gene in the gastropod Concholepas concholepas through expression analysis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) discovery. Hence, UBE2 was identified from a cDNA library by 454 pyrosequencing, while SNP identification and validation were performed using De novo assembly and high resolution melting analysis. Challenge trials with Vibrio anguillarum was carried out to evaluate the relative transcript abundance of UBE2 gene from two to thirty-three hours post-treatment. The results showed a partial UBE2 sequence of 889 base pair (bp) with a partial coding region of 291 bp. SNP variation (A/C) was observed at the 546th position. Individuals challenged by V. anguillarum showed an overexpression of the UBE2 gene, the expression being significantly higher in homozygous individuals (AA) than (CC) or heterozygous individuals (A/C). This study contributes useful information relating to the UBE2 gene and its association with innate immune response in marine invertebrates.

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Describe un caso de contrabando ocurrido en el Aeropuerto de Ezeiza en el año 1992, cuando con el fin de detener un supuesto contrabando de estupefacientes, al revisar el equipaje se descubrieron valijas conteniendo: 164 cueros de lampalagua, 53 cueros de curiyu, 53 cueros de yacare, 1 cuero de iguana, 15 cueros de boas occidentales, 70 cueros de lagarto overo y dos de ñandu. El documento realiza un analisis del delito de contrabando, se estudia el bien juridico protegido, en este caso contrabando de especies prohibidas y se concluye informando lo actuado por la justicia

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Describe un caso de contrabando ocurrido en el Aeropuerto de Ezeiza en el año 1992, cuando con el fin de detener un supuesto contrabando de estupefacientes, al revisar el equipaje se descubrieron valijas conteniendo: 164 cueros de lampalagua, 53 cueros de curiyu, 53 cueros de yacare, 1 cuero de iguana, 15 cueros de boas occidentales, 70 cueros de lagarto overo y dos de ñandu. El documento realiza un analisis del delito de contrabando, se estudia el bien juridico protegido, en este caso contrabando de especies prohibidas y se concluye informando lo actuado por la justicia

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