RESUMO
In recent years, there has been an increase in interest in the accumulation of heavy metals and metal(loid)s (HMM) in areas where agriculture and mining exist side by side. As a contribution to this body of knowledge, we report the first dataset into HMM concentrations in food crops and agricultural soils in Moquegua, which is a typical mining region and contains one of Peru's largest copper deposits. Thanks to its geographic diversity, samples were taken in different agroecological regions at altitudes between 9 and 3,934 m. For food crops, 31 elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. For soils, 23 elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Thus, the dataset includes a total of 13,828 observations from 341 sampling sites. We hope that this dataset will facilitate a wide range of agricultural and food safety studies, as well as serving as a reference for monitoring changes in pollution over time or comparing HMM levels with other farmlands influenced by mining activities.
Assuntos
Metaloides , Metais Pesados , China , Produtos Agrícolas/química , Monitoramento Ambiental , Metaloides/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , Peru , Solo/químicaRESUMO
This research paper presents the preliminary outcomes of an investigation conducted on the levels of heavy metals (such as As, Cd, Pb, Al, Mn, Cu, Ba, Cr, and Ni) and pesticide residues found in both traditional and modern potato cultivars grown in Moquegua, one of the principal copper-producing departments of Peru. A total of 160 samples of potatoes and soil were collected at altitudes between 58 and 3934 m above sea level (m.a.s.l.), and measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. Determinations of pesticide residues were conducted by using the QuEChERS method. Metal concentrations in potato samples varied from 0.006 to 0.215 mg/kg for Pb; 0.01-0.25 mg/kg for As; 0.001-0.048 mg/kg for Cd; 0.4-47.9 mg/kg for Al; 0.008-0.802 mg/kg for Cr; 0.505-2.729 mg/kg for Cu; 0.022-29.894 mg/kg for Mn; 0.03-2.76 mg/kg for Ba; to 0.006-0.419 mg/kg for Ni. Among the principal findings of the study were that (i) potatoes grown at lower altitude (Chala and Yunga regions) accumulated more As, Cr, Ni and Al than those grown at higher altitudes (Suni region); (ii) modern potatoes in most cases show a higher concentration of metals than native ones; (iii) the principal positive correlation found between soil and potatoes was for As; (iv) 90% of the samples analyzed were free from pesticide residues.
RESUMO
The presence of antibiotic residues in drinking water may be a source of contamination, which could affect the diffusion of polyphenols into the wine must during the traditional fermentation process. Antibiotic residues such as ivermectin, hydroxychloroquine, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin on the diffusion of polyphenols and anthocyanins during wine fermentation were studied. Different samples were taken at different periods (0, 48, 96, and 168 h) to analyse the total polyphenols, anthocyanin content, and antioxidant capacity, which were correlated with Peleg's equation to establish the diffusion kinetics of these compounds. The results indicated that the presence of antibiotics reduced between 40 and 50% the diffusion of the total polyphenols and monomeric anthocyanins in red wine. The use of ivermectin showed the highest kinetic parameter k1 compared with the use of other antibiotics. This suggested that the chemical structure and molecular weight of the antibiotics could play an important role in inhibiting the metabolism of yeasts affecting the ethanol and CO2 production. Consequently, cell membranes would be impermeable and would not allow the release of polyphenols and anthocyanins. Therefore, it is necessary to establish strategies that allow future water quality control in wine production companies.