RESUMO
OBJECTIVES.: Motivation for the study. No study conclusively recommends the use of medicinal plants to treat COVID-19 symptoms, and their indiscriminate use may present health risks. Main findings. Sixty percent of participants consumed medicinal plants to prevent COVID-19. This was particularly true for those living in the Peruvian highlands and individuals with family members diagnosed or deceased from COVID-19, who perceive a higher risk of infection and use medications or chlorine dioxide as preventive measures. Implications. Communication strategies emphasizing validated preventive practices and educating about the risks of consuming medicinal plants should be tailored to the predominant characteristics of the consumer. Determine the factors associated with the consumption of medicinal plants as a preventive measure against COVID-19 in the Peruvian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: A population over 18 years of age, living in Peru and without a history of COVID-19 disease, was evaluated. The factors associated with the consumption of medicinal plants were evaluated using a Poisson regression model with robust variances. RESULTS.: Of the 3231 participants included, 84.6% were young adults (18-29 years old), 62.7% were women, and 59.7% consumed a medicinal plant to prevent COVID-19 infection. The factors associated with the consumption of medicinal plants to prevent COVID-19 infection were residing in the Peruvian highlands, having had a family member diagnosed with COVID-19, having had a family member die from COVID-19, considering their family to be at increased risk of infection, having used medications or chlorine dioxide to prevent COVID-19, having medical information as the main source of information about COVID-19, thinking that medicinal plants are effective in preventing COVID-19 disease, or not being informed about their effectiveness. CONCLUSION.: Sixty percent of the participants reported having consumed a medicinal plant to prevent COVID-19. Authorities must apply communication strategies about the implications of consuming medicinal plants, prioritizing population groups with higher consumption patterns.
OBJETIVOS: Motivación para realizar el estudio. Ningún estudio recomienda de manera concluyente el uso de plantas medicinales para tratar los síntomas de la COVID-19, y su uso indiscriminado puede presentar riesgos para la salud. Principales hallazgos. El 60% de los participantes utilizó plantas medicinales para la prevención de la COVID-19. Especialmente aquellos de la sierra peruana y personas con familiares diagnosticados o fallecidos por COVID-19, que perciben mayores riesgos de contagio y utilizan medicamentos o dióxido de cloro como medidas preventivas. Implicancias. Las estrategias de comunicación esenciales para las prácticas preventivas validadas y la educación sobre los riesgos del consumo de plantas medicinales deben adaptarse a las características predominantes del consumidor. Determinar los factores asociados al consumo de plantas medicinales como prevención de la COVID-19 en la población peruana. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Se evaluó población mayor de 18 años, residentes en Perú y sin antecedentes de enfermedad por COVID-19. Los factores asociados al consumo de plantas medicinales se evaluaron mediante un modelo de regresión de Poisson con varianzas robustas. RESULTADOS.: De 3231 participantes incluidos, el 84,6% eran jóvenes (18-29 años), el 62,7% eran mujeres y el 59,7% consumía alguna planta medicinal para prevenir la COVID-19. Los factores asociados al consumo de plantas medicinales para prevenir el contagio de COVID-19 fueron residir en la sierra peruana, haber tenido un familiar diagnosticado con COVID-19, haber tenido un familiar fallecido por COVID-19, considerar que su familia se encuentra en mayor riesgo de infección, haber usado medicamentos o dióxido de cloro para prevenir la COVID-19, tener información médica como principal fuente de información sobre la COVID-19, pensar que las plantas medicinales son efectivas para prevenir la enfermedad COVID-19 o no estar informado sobre su eficacia. CONCLUSIÓN: . El 60% de los participantes reportó haber consumido alguna planta medicinal para prevenir la COVID-19. Es importante que las autoridades apliquen estrategias de comunicación sobre lo que implica el consumo de plantas medicinales, priorizando los grupos poblacionales que tienen mayores patrones de consumo.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Plantas Medicinais , Humanos , Peru/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Fitoterapia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em SaúdeRESUMO
Objetivo: Describir las prácticas de prevención y control para la infección por SARS-CoV2 en la población peruana. Material y Métodos: Estudio observacional de tipo descriptivo. Se evaluó una muestra no probabilística de adultos residentes en algún departamento de Perú. Las prácticas preventivas fueron evaluadas en personas sin antecedente de COVID-19 y las prácticas de control en personas que lo habían padecido. Resultados: Se evaluó un total de 3630 peruanos (edad media 25,4 ± 9,5) de los cuales el 3231 no indicaban el antecedente de COVID-19 y 399 refirieron haberlo padecido. Las medidas de prevención y control que se realizaron a menudo o siempre con mayor frecuencia fueron el utilizar mascarilla al salir de casa (97,9% vs 87,7), cubrirse su nariz y boca al estornudar o toser (95,4% vs 89,9%), guardar distancia de los demás en la calle (91,4% vs 74,7%), realizar el lavado de manos con agua y jabón al volver a casa (92,5% vs 88,7%), y desinfectar las superficies de objetos y lugares personales (82,6% vs 77,4%). El 22,1% y 83,7%, el 59,7% y 80,2, y el 8,0% y 16,8% consumieron algún tipo de medicamento, planta medicinal y dióxido de cloro para la prevención y control de la infección de COVID-19, respectivamente. Conclusiones: En general, menos del 50% de los participantes realizaron prácticas de prevención y control frente a la COVID-19 a menudo o siempre.
Objective: To describe prevention and control practices for SARS-CoV2 infection in the Peruvian population. Material and Methods: Observational descriptive study. A non-probabilistic sample of adults residing in a Peruvian department was evaluated. Preventive practices were evaluated in people with no history of COVID-19 and control practices in people who had had COVID-19. Results: A total of 3630 Peruvians were evaluated (mean age 25.4 ± 9.5) of whom 3231 did not indicate a history of COVID-19 and 399 reported having suffered from it. The prevention and control measures most frequently or always performed were using a mask when leaving home (97.9% vs 87.7%), covering their nose and mouth when sneezing or coughing (95.4% vs 89.9%), keeping their distance from others in the street (91.4% vs 74.7%), washing hands with soap and water when returning home (92.5% vs 88.7%), and disinfecting surfaces of objects and personal places (82.6% vs 77.4%). 22.1% and 83.7%, 59.7% and 80.2, and 8.0% and 16.8% consumed some type of medication, medicinal plant, and chlorine dioxide for prevention and control of COVID-19 infection, respectively. Conclusions: Overall, less than 50% of the participants performed prevention and control practices against COVID-19 often or always.
RESUMO
The aim of this work is the expression of the PreS2-S region of surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in yeast Pichia pastoris. A cDNA fragment encoding the Pres2-S protein of HBV was cloned to yeast transfer vectors. Based on cloned new plasmids pPIC3.5-PreS2-S (8707 bp) and pPIC9-PreS2-S (8980 bp) the recombinant strains of P. pastoris producing the PreS2-S region of surface antigen of HBV were obtained. The PAGE electrophoresis and immunoblotting of obtained recombinant PreS2-S protein confirm the molecular weight (34 kDa) and high specificity to the HBV antibodies)AU)
El objetivo de este trabajo es la expresión de la región PreS2-S del antígeno de superficie del virus de la hepatitis B en la levadura Pichia pastoris. Se clonó un fragmento de ADNc que codifica la proteína PreS2-S del VHB en vectores de transferencia de levadura. A partir de los nuevos plásmidos clonados pPIC3.5-PreS2-S (8707 pb) y pPIC9-PreS2-S (8980 pb) se obtuvieron las cepas recombinantes de P. pastoris productoras de la región PreS2-S del antígeno de superficie del VHB. La electroforesis PAGE y la inmunotransferencia de la proteína PreS2-S recombinante obtenida confirman el peso molecular (34 kDa) y la alta especificidad a los anticuerpos contra el VHB(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Proteínas Recombinantes , Vírus da Hepatite B , Vacinas de DNA/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein hydrolysate is a source of bioactive peptides with known health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of common bean protein hydrolysate on lipid metabolism and endothelial function in male adult BALB/c mice fed an atherogenic diet for nine weeks. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male adult mice were divided into three experimental groups (n = 12) and fed with normal control diet; atherogenic diet and atherogenic diet added with bean protein hydrolysate (700 mg/kg/day) for nine weeks. Food intake, weight gain, lipid profile, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, inflammation biomarkers and endothelial function were evaluated. APH group presented reduced feed intake, weight gain, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-α, angiotensin II (94% and 79%, respectively) and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (62%). CONCLUSIONS: Protein hydrolysate showed hypocholesterolemic activity preventing inflammation and dysfunction of vascular endothelium, in addition to decreasing oxidative stress, indicating an adjuvant effect on reducing atherogenic risk.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/administração & dosagem , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Colesterol/sangue , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipercolesterolemia/prevenção & controle , Phaseolus , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/administração & dosagem , Hidrolisados de Proteína/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Aterosclerose/sangue , Aterosclerose/etiologia , Aterosclerose/fisiopatologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Dieta Aterogênica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/etiologia , Hipercolesterolemia/fisiopatologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
El diseño de implantes para osteosíntesis es una tarea en continuo desarrollo. Las nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas, procesos de fabricación y materiales, en conjunto con el uso de herramientas de cálculo de la ingeniería de última generación, a partir de la Simulación Computacional, permiten obtener implantes más precisos y de calidad superior y dedicados especialmente a cada tipo de fractura. El diseño adecuado y detallado a partir de estas herramientas de ingeniería, es sometido a ensayos mecánicos para verificar y asegurar su eficacia y resistencia estructural. Un estudio utilizando "Técnicas Avanzadas de Análisis", a través de la Simulación Computacional, posibilitaría verificar el grado de integridad de la unión de una placa y sus tornillos, en conjunción con el comportamiento biomecánico del hueso fracturado. En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación estructural, a partir del método de elementos finitos, de una placa de compresión dinámica (DCP), considerando la influencia de diferentes tipos de tornillos y su comportamiento frente a la unión e interacción con el hueso. Esta herramienta de ingeniería utilizada para este fin, ayuda al diseñador a obtener un diseño seguro y adecuado que facilitará el apoyo a cirujanos ortopédicos en la selección de implantes biomecánicos, teniendo en cuenta el tamaño de la fractura y características del hueso.
The design of implants for osteosynthesis is a work in continuous development. New surgical techniques, manufacturing processes and materials, together with the use of tools for calculating the art engineering, from Computational Simulation allow more precise and top quality implants especially designed for each type of fracture. The adequate and detailed design based on these engineering design tools, is subjected to mechanical testing to verify and ensure their effectiveness and structural strength. A study using "Advanced Technical Analysis" through Computational Simulation, makes it possible to verify the degree of integrity of the union of a plate and screws in conjunction with the biomechanical behavior of the fractured bone. This paper presents structural assessment, from the finite element method, a dynamic compression plate (DCP), considering the influence of different types of screws and their behavior in binding and interaction with the bone. This engineering tool used for this purpose, helps the designer to ensure safe and proper designs that facilitate support for orthopedic surgeons in selecting biomechanical implants, considering the size and characteristics of the bone fracture.
Assuntos
Humanos , Simulação por Computador , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/instrumentação , Fraturas Ósseas/cirurgia , Bioengenharia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Desenho de Equipamento , Análise de Elementos FinitosRESUMO
Increased adiposity has been associated with macrophage infiltration into the adipose tissue which, in turn, leads to obesity comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anthocyanin (ANC)-enriched fractions from blackberry-blueberry beverages on inflammation and adipogenesis in an in vitro model of inflammation mimicking the pathologic interaction between adipocytes and macrophages. Blend ANCs inhibited secretion of nitric oxide (17.5%), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (89.4%), and phosphorylated-p65 nuclear factor kappa-B (52.1%) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages after 24 h. Blends reduced intracellular fat accumulation (28.2%) when applied during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and inhibited isoproterenol-induced lipolysis (18.6%) of mature 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, blend ANCs restored adiponectin-blunted gene expression induced by the TNF-α treatment (18.2%) and reduced the glycerol release (15.9%) induced by LPS-induced macrophage-conditioned media (CM) in adipocytes. Furthermore, blends slightly restored the insulin-induced glucose uptake of adipocytes, blunted by the CM treatment. In conclusion, ANCs from blueberry and blackberry dealcoholized fermented beverages are potential inhibitors of inflammation-related adiposity response and sensitizers of insulin signaling in adipocytes.
Assuntos
Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adipócitos/imunologia , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Bebidas/análise , Frutas/microbiologia , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos/citologia , Adipogenia/efeitos dos fármacos , Adiposidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Bebidas/microbiologia , Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/química , Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/metabolismo , Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/microbiologia , Fermentação , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Lipólise , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/imunologia , Células RAW 264.7 , Rubus/química , Rubus/metabolismo , Rubus/microbiologia , Saccharomyces/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
Trypsin inhibitors (TI), tannins, and lectins appear to have a role in preventing chronic diseases in humans. The genetic variability of these traits in common bean needs to be ascertained in order to increase levels through breeding. The variability of TI, tannin, and lectins was determined in five bean cultivars grown at five locations in Mexico. TI and tannins contents in colored beans that belong to the Jalisco race were higher (11.1-11.9 trypsin units inhibited (TUI)/mg and 29.0-38.1 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g, respectively) than cultivars of the Durango race (7.9-8.3 TUI/mg and 16.8-19.9 CE/mg, respectively). Bayo Victoria, a Durango race cultivar, had three times more lectins than levels reported for soybean. Cultivar influenced TI and tannins contents (p < 0.001), whereas site affected lectins (p < 0.001). An increase in levels of TI and tannins could be enhanced through breeding.