RESUMO
At the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), the forest tree composition was characterized and the effects of the chronic ammonium sulfate ((NH(4))(2)SO(4)) treatment on basal area growth, foliar chemistry, and gas exchange were investigated on forest species. The BBWM is a paired watershed forest ecosystem study with one watershed, West Bear (WB), treated since 1989 with 26.6 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) and 30 kg S ha(-1) year(-1)applied bimonthly as (NH(4))(2)SO(4), while the other watershed, East Bear (EB), serves as a reference. Tree species richness, density, and mortality were found to be similar between watersheds. Basal area increment was estimated from red spruce and sugar maple, showing that, for the first 7 years of treatment, it was significantly higher for sugar maple growing in WB compared to EB, but no differences were observed for red spruce between watersheds. However, the initial higher sugar maple basal area growth in WB subsequently decreased after 8 years of treatment. Foliar chemical analysis performed in trees, saplings, and ground flora showed higher N concentrations in the treated WB compared to the reference EB. But, foliar cation concentrations, especially Ca and Mg, were significantly lower for most of the species growing in WB compared with those growing in EB. For sugar maple, foliar N was higher on WB, but there were no differences in foliar Ca and Mg concentrations between treated and reference watersheds. In addition, only sugar maple trees in the treated WB showed significantly higher photosynthetic rates compared to reference EB trees.
Assuntos
Sulfato de Amônio/farmacologia , Árvores/efeitos dos fármacos , Ecossistema , Monitoramento Ambiental , Humanos , Maine , Nitrogênio/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/química , Solo/análise , Enxofre/metabolismo , Árvores/química , ÁguaRESUMO
La formación de humor acuoso es debida principalmente al transporte activo de iones específicos desde el espacio extracelular del estroma a través de la doble capa de células del epitelio ciliar hacia la cámara posterior, y este proceso conduce al flujo osmótico de agua. Estudios recientes demuestran que el ácido etacrínico (AE), una droga utilizada durante muchos años como diurético produce una disminución de la presión intraocular en ojos de monos glaucomatoso e incrementa el flujo de salida de humor acuoso en ojos de monos, orangutanes y humanos. El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del AE sobre los mecanismos de transporte activo de K+ en células del epitelio ciliar de ojos de conejo usando Rb como trazador. Esta droga produjo una inhibición significativa del cotransporte de Na/K/2CI (De 180 ñ 8 a 35 ñ2, P<0.05), obteniéndose un efecto inhibitorio máximo a una concentración de 10 elevado a la cinco M. No observamos efecto significativo sobre la actividad de la ATPasa de Na/K. Nuestros resultados indican que la reducción de la presión intraocular producida por el AE en animales y humanos podría deberse en gran parte a la inhibición de la actividad del Cotransporte Na/K/C1 presente en el epitelio ciliar