RESUMO
Sea cucumbers are sausage-shaped aquatic creatures living on the ocean floors across the world. They are considered a food delicacy in many countries but also are known to have many beneficial pharmaceutical properties; however, sea cucumbers also contain a dangerous component called holothurin, which has been shown to have a negative impact on the health of both humans and other wildlife. In humans, exposure to holothurin can cause a painful irritant dermatitis, irritation of the mucous membranes, potential blindness, and, if ingested, even possible death. Treatment options include irrigation with seawater, soap, isopropyl alcohol, and vinegar.
Assuntos
Holoturina , Pepinos-do-Mar , Animais , HumanosAssuntos
Impetigo/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cefadroxila/uso terapêutico , Criança , Humanos , Impetigo/tratamento farmacológico , Masculino , Mupirocina/uso terapêutico , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Vesiculobolhosas/tratamento farmacológicoAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Anatomia Artística , Dermatopatias , Ilustração Médica , Pele/lesões , Dermatite , Dermatite Atópica , Eczema , Líquen Plano , Micoses , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Prurido , UrticáriaRESUMO
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Fever and a rash following a tick bite can signify a true medical emergency. Ticks are important vectors of disease worldwide, including Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, and Congo-Crimean hemorrhagic fever. This paper will review the major ticks of medical importance and the diseases they transmit, including important emerging pathogens. RECENT FINDINGS: Rocky Mountain spotted fever continues to be the most lethal tick-borne illness in the United States and is emerging as an important disease in South America. Other important emerging diseases include human anaplasmosis, southern tick associated rash illness, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, and a variety of rickettsial fevers including those caused by Rickettsia parkeri and Rickettsia amblyommii. SUMMARY: Most tick-borne illnesses respond readily to doxycycline therapy. In the case of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, therapy should be started when the disease is suspected and should never be delayed for confirmatory tests. Accurate identification of tick vectors can help establish a diagnosis and can help guide preventive measures to reduce the burden of disease.
Assuntos
Exantema/etiologia , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/complicações , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/mortalidade , Doxiciclina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Controle de Insetos , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Transmitidas por Carrapatos/mortalidade , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Humanos , Dermatologia/métodos , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/terapia , Pele , Dermatite , Dermatite Atópica , Eczema , Fármacos Dermatológicos , Líquen Plano , Micoses , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Pele/lesões , Prurido , UrticáriaRESUMO
The 3 major lice that infest humans are Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse), Pthirus pubis (crab louse), and Pediculus humanus humanus (body louse). Patients with louse infestation present with scalp pruritus, excoriations, cervical lymphadenopathy, and conjunctivitis. A hypersensitivity rash, or pediculid, may mimic a viral exanthem. Head lice infestation crosses all economic and social boundaries, whereas body lice infestation preferentially affects the homeless and displaced. Body lice are major vectors of diseases such as typhus, trench fever, and relapsing fever. Pubic lice infestation often is acquired as a sexually transmitted disease and may be a marker to screen for other sexually transmitted diseases. Treatment of louse infestation can be challenging. Mechanical measures, such as combing, are helpful as adjunctive measures, but most studies suggest they are not as effective as chemical agents. Resistance to chemical agents is a growing problem. Major types of resistance include knock-down resistance, glutathione-S-transferase-based resistance, and monooxygenase-based resistance. Research is needed to identify new effective treatments.
Assuntos
Humanos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Infestações por Piolhos , PediculusAssuntos
Clofazimina/uso terapêutico , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Dapsona/uso terapêutico , Hansenostáticos/uso terapêutico , Hanseníase Dimorfa/diagnóstico , Hanseníase Dimorfa/microbiologia , Hanseníase Dimorfa/tratamento farmacológico , Hanseníase Tuberculoide/diagnóstico , Hanseníase Tuberculoide/microbiologia , Hanseníase Tuberculoide/tratamento farmacológico , Mycobacterium leprae/genética , Mycobacterium leprae/isolamento & purificação , Quimioterapia Combinada , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Rifampina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A wide range of infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory dermatoses can affect the glans penis or prepuce. Some are unique to the genitalia. Other more common dermatoses may have a unique appearance when they involve genital skin and mucosa. A thorough understanding of regional anatomy and a systematic diagnostic approach are helpful in the management of a refractory penile dermatosis. We review embryology and regional anatomy, drug-induced eruptions, allergic and irritant dermatitis, infection, neoplasia, and traumatic and inflammatory dermatoses as they relate to the glans and prepuce. Our discussion focuses on the clinical features, office laboratory studies, and histopathologic findings that assist in diagnosis and treatment.