RESUMO

Monitoring and assessment of marine litter requires multi-stakeholder involvement at national and subnational levels. Collaborative governance approaches are important, but often fail without adequate effort towards identifying and engaging stakeholders with appropriate profiles for the issue at stake. Stakeholder Analysis (SA) is increasingly used to ensure efficient governance arrangements. Our hypothesis is that SA contributes to collaborative governance processes for marine litter policies. We explored a pioneer participatory process in Brazil, where SA was applied to identify, categorize, and prioritize stakeholders, and analyze their power and interest, for the Strategic Plan for Monitoring and Assessing Marine Litter in the state of São Paulo. A top-down/bottom-up approach revealed that snowball sampling complemented the stakeholder assemblage identified by the consultation of experts. Prioritization of data-related stakeholders streamlined the participatory process. The interest-power matrix evaluated stakeholders' influences, guiding specific engagement strategies. We highlight the significance of SA in collaborative governance and mobilizing key stakeholders for effective marine litter monitoring initiatives, contributing to the global agenda to combat marine pollution.

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Identifying sources is crucial for proposing effective actions to combat marine litter pollution. Here, we used an innovative approach to identify hotspots of mismanaged plastic waste (MPW) within Brazil and subsequent leakage to the ocean, based on population density, socio-economic conditions, municipal solid waste management and environmental parameters. We estimated plastic waste generation and MPW for each of the 5570 Brazilian municipalities, which totaled 3.44 million metric tons per year. Then, we estimated the probability of litter mobilization and transport (P) and the relative risk of leakage to the ocean (MPW × P). The Guanabara Bay and La Plata River comprised the main oceanic entry hotspots of litter produced in Brazil. The use of national databases allowed us to increase spatial and temporal granularity, offering a detailed baseline for the application of prevention and mitigation actions. However, overcoming data limitations is still a challenge in Brazil as in other Global South countries.

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With the increasing need for and emergence of research on ocean and coastal issues in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Ocean & Coastal Management journal presents this Special Issue with relevant articles within the scope of Coastal Management in times of COVID-19. This Special Issue received 43 tentative abstracts, 29 manuscripts were submitted, and finally, 12 articles were accepted. We provide a wide panorama of those twelve articles that integrate the special issue, covering a diverse range of topics regarding coastal management in the COVID-19 pandemic. Seven papers are studies that discuss environmental and social problems during this time in coastal zones, while the other five explore the use of technology to face COVID-19 on beaches. These twelve articles give some insights to improve coastal management, focused on tourist beaches, natural disasters, and fisheries. In sum, this special issue offers an organized compendium of high-level articles, as a contribution to evolve towards the better ocean and coastal management within the rapid emerging of publications about COVID-19.

RESUMO

Floating litter in the estuarine system of Santos-São Vicente is common and is part of day-to-day activities of various users of the area. The objective of the present study was to carry out a quali-quantitative evaluation of the occurrence of floating litter, to infer their sources, and to identify environmental factors that are likely to control occurrence and distribution, with particular emphasis on the effects of tidal regimes. Six sampling stations were selected along the aforementioned estuary and visited monthly between July 2010 and January 2012. Floating litter was counted from a fixed sampling station. Plastics prevailed (89.64%) and their main source was domestic activities (55.41%). More litter was found during ebb spring tides, with higher concentrations obeying confluence patterns of the estuary's channels. Results indicated that occurrence can be attributed to the deficiency in basic sewage system in the area and the deliberate disposal into the estuary by the local population.

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Santos estuary suffers anthropic influence through various activities, including fisheries. Caitipa mojarra (Diapterus rhombeus) is among the exploited resources of the region and, despite its importance, it still has not been well studied. The main goal of this study was to analyze the population structure of this species regarding gonadal development, age and growth. For the analysis of gonadal development, samplings were carried out between November 2008 and August 2011, gathering in total 6,639 individuals. The age and growth parameters were analyzed from a data base of the species, which contained information from samplings from October 2007 to September 2011. Most of the specimens caught (71.93%) was considered juvenile and only 0.68% were spawning. From gonadal maturity, sexual proportion and length classes of the individuals, it could be seen that this species does not spawn within Santos estuary. The growth parameters estimates were L∞ of 262.5 mm, k = 0.24/year and longevity of 12.48 years.(AU)

O estuário de Santos sofre influência antrópica por meio de diversas atividades, incluindo a pesca. A carapeba (Diapterus rhombeus) está entre os recursos explorados da região e, apesar de sua importância, ainda não é bem estudada. O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi analisar a estrutura populacional dessa espécie quanto ao desenvolvimento gonadal, idade e crescimento. Para a análise do desenvolvimento gonadal foram utilizadas amostragens realizadas entre novembro de 2008 e agosto de 2011, coletando um total de 6.639indivíduos. Os parâmetros de idade e crescimento foram analisados a partir de um banco de dados da espécie que continha informações de coletas de outubro de 2007 a agosto de 2011. A maior parte dos espécimes coletados (71,93%) foi considerada juvenil e apenas 0,68% estavam desovando. A partir dos dados de maturação gonadal, de proporção sexual e classes de comprimento dos indivíduos, foi possível observar que essa espécie não desova dentro do estuário de Santos. Os parâmetros de crescimentos foram estimados em L∞ de 262,5 mm, k de 0,24/ano e longevidade de 12,48 anos.(AU)

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RESUMO

Santos estuary suffers anthropic influence through various activities, including fisheries. Caitipa mojarra (Diapterus rhombeus) is among the exploited resources of the region and, despite its importance, it still has not been well studied. The main goal of this study was to analyze the population structure of this species regarding gonadal development, age and growth. For the analysis of gonadal development, samplings were carried out between November 2008 and August 2011, gathering in total 6,639 individuals. The age and growth parameters were analyzed from a data base of the species, which contained information from samplings from October 2007 to September 2011. Most of the specimens caught (71.93%) was considered juvenile and only 0.68% were spawning. From gonadal maturity, sexual proportion and length classes of the individuals, it could be seen that this species does not spawn within Santos estuary. The growth parameters estimates were L of 262.5 mm, k = 0.24/year and longevity of 12.48 years.

O estuário de Santos sofre influência antrópica por meio de diversas atividades, incluindo a pesca. A carapeba (Diapterus rhombeus) está entre os recursos explorados da região e, apesar de sua importância, ainda não é bem estudada. O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi analisar a estrutura populacional dessa espécie quanto ao desenvolvimento gonadal, idade e crescimento. Para a análise do desenvolvimento gonadal foram utilizadas amostragens realizadas entre novembro de 2008 e agosto de 2011, coletando um total de 6.639 indivíduos. Os parâmetros de idade e crescimento foram analisados a partir de um banco de dados da espécie que continha informações de coletas de outubro de 2007 a agosto de 2011. A maior parte dos espécimes coletados (71,93%) foi considerada juvenil e apenas 0,68% estavam desovando. A partir dos dados de maturação gonadal, de proporção sexual e classes de comprimento dos indivíduos, foi possível observar que essa espécie não desova dentro do estuário de Santos. Os parâmetros de crescimentos foram estimados em L de 262,5 mm, k de 0,24/ano e longevidade de 12,48 anos.

RESUMO

Santos estuary suffers anthropic influence through various activities, including fisheries. Caitipa mojarra (Diapterus rhombeus) is among the exploited resources of the region and, despite its importance, it still has not been well studied. The main goal of this study was to analyze the population structure of this speciesregarding gonadal development, age and growth. For the analysis of gonadal development, samplings were carried out between November 2008and August2011, gathering in total 6,639individuals. The age and growth parameters were analyzed from a data base of the species, which contained information from samplings from October 2007 to September2011. Most of the specimens caught (71.93%) wasconsidered juvenile and only 0.68% were spawning. From gonadal maturity, sexual proportion and length classes of the individuals, it could be seen that this species does not spawn within Santos estuary.The growth parameters estimates were L∞of 262.5 mm, k = 0.24/year and longevityof 12.48 years.(AU)

O estuário de Santos sofre influência antrópica por meio de diversas atividades, incluindo a pesca. A carapeba (Diapterus rhombeus) está entre os recursos explorados da região e, apesar de sua importância, ainda não é bem estudada. O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi analisar a estrutura populacional dessa espécie quanto ao desenvolvimento gonadal, idade e crescimento. Para a análise do desenvolvimento gonadal foram utilizadas amostragens realizadas entre novembro de 2008 e agostode 2011, coletando um total de 6.639indivíduos. Os parâmetros de idade e crescimento foram analisados a partir de um banco de dados da espécie que continha informações decoletas deoutubro de 2007 a agostode 2011. A maior parte dos espécimes coletados (71,93%) foi considerada juvenil e apenas 0,68% estavam desovando. A partir dos dados de maturação gonadal, de proporção sexual e classes de comprimento dos indivíduos, foi possível observar que essa espécie não desova dentro do estuário de Santos. Os parâmetros de crescimentos foram estimados em L∞de 262,5 mm, k de0,24/ano e longevidade de 12,48 anos.(AU)

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