RESUMO
α-L-rhamnosidase from Aspergillus terreus was covalently immobilized on the following ferromagnetic supports: polyethylene terephthalate (Dacron-hydrazide), polysiloxane/polyvinyl alcohol (POS/PVA), and chitosan. The powdered supports were magnetized by thermal coprecipitation method using ferric and ferrous chlorides, and the immobilization was carried out via glutaraldehyde. The activity of the Dacron-hydrazide (0.53 nkat/µg of protein) and POS/PVA (0.59 nkat/µg of protein) immobilized enzyme was significantly higher than that found for the chitosan derivative (0.06 nkat/µg of protein). The activity-pH and activity-temperature profiles for all immobilized enzymes did not show difference compared to the free enzyme, except the chitosan derivative that presented higher maximum temperature at 65 °C. The Dacron-hydrazide derivative thermal stability showed a similar behavior of the free enzyme in the temperature range of 40-70 °C. The POS/PVA and chitosan derivatives were stable up to 60 °C, but were completely inactivated at 70 °C. The activity of the preparations did not appreciably decrease after ten successive reuses. Apparent K (m) of α-L-rhamnosidase immobilized on magnetized Dacron-hydrazide (1.05 ± 0.22 mM), POS/PVA (0.57 ± 0.09 mM), and chitosan (1.78 ± 0.24 mM) were higher than that estimated for the soluble enzyme (0.30 ± 0.03 mM). The Dacron-hydrazide enzyme derivative showed better performance than the free enzyme to hydrolyze 0.3% narigin (91% and 73% after 1 h, respectively) and synthesize rhamnosides (0.116 and 0.014 mg narirutin after 1 h, respectively).
Assuntos
Aspergillus/enzimologia , Biotecnologia/métodos , Enzimas Imobilizadas/metabolismo , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Imãs , Quitosana/química , Estabilidade Enzimática , Flavanonas/metabolismo , Glicosídeo Hidrolases/química , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Polietilenotereftalatos/química , Álcool de Polivinil/química , Ramnose/metabolismo , Siloxanas/química , TemperaturaRESUMO
The kinetics of thermal inactivation of A. terreus alpha-rhamnosidase was studied using the substrate p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-rhamnoside between 50 degrees C and 70 degrees C. Up to 60 degrees C the inactivation of the purified enzyme was completely reversible, but samples of crude or partially purified enzyme showed partial reversibility. The presence of the product rhamnose, the substrate naringin, and other additives reduced the reversible inactivation, maintaining in some cases full enzyme activity at 60 degrees C. A mechanism for the inactivation process, which permitted the reproduction of experimental results, was proposed. The products rhamnose (inhibition constant, 2.1 mM) and prunin (2.6 mM) competitively inhibited the enzyme reaction. The maximum hydrolysis of supersaturated naringin solution, without enzyme inactivation, was observed at 60 degrees C. Hydrolysis of naringin reached 99% with 1% naringin solution, although the hydrolysis degree of naringin was only 40% due to products inhibition when the initial concentration of flavonoid was 10%. The experimental results fitted an equation based on the integrated Michaelis-Menten's, including competitive inhibition by products satisfactorily.