RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Large-scale epidemics in countries with high birth rates can create a concerning scenario where pregnant people are more likely to transmit the virus. Additionally, increased international mobility has made arboviruses a growing problem for travelers. The increased risk of vertical transmission has been related to maternal viremia near delivery. Such transmission leads to severe infection of newborns and may be associated with subsequent neurological impairment including cerebral palsy. This case series provides an overview of clinical and laboratory findings in pregnant individuals with confirmed CHIKV infection as well as the clinical effects on their newborn emphasizing the severity of neonatal chikungunya. METHODS: an ambispective case series enrolled newborns with confirmed exposure to CHIKV in utero or in the neonatal period. RESULTS: during the delivery period, the transmission rate among viremic individuals was approximately 62% (18/29). Fever, irritability, rash, and poor feeding in the first week of life were critical signs of neonatal chikungunya, highlighting its severity. CONCLUSION: Close monitoring of healthy newborns during the first week of life is essential in areas affected by CHIKV epidemics, and in offspring of pregnant travelers who visited the outbreaks zones. This case series is intended to increase neonatologists' awareness of the possibility of mother-to-child transmission of CHIKV among newborns with a sepsis-like presentation. Prioritizing CHIKV vaccination for women of childbearing age should also be considered.
RESUMO
Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a critical illness with a wide range of severity caused by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy. Life-threatening neurodevelopmental dysfunctions are among the most common phenotypes observed in affected newborns. Risk factors that contribute to susceptibility and response to ZIKV infection may be related to the virus itself, the environment, and maternal genetic background. Nevertheless, the newborn's genetic contribution to the critical illness is still not elucidated. Here, we aimed to identify possible genetic variants as well as relevant biological pathways that might be associated with CZS phenotypes. For this purpose, we performed a whole-exome sequencing in 40 children born to women with confirmed exposure to ZIKV during pregnancy. We investigated the occurrence of rare harmful single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) possibly associated with inborn errors in genes ontologically related to CZS phenotypes. Moreover, an exome-wide association analysis was also performed using a case-control design (29 CZS cases and 11 controls), for both common and rare variants. Five out of the 29 CZS patients harbored known pathogenic variants likely to contribute to mild to severe manifestations observed. Approximately, 30% of affected individuals carried at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic SNV in genes candidates to play a role in CZS. Our common variant association analysis detected a suggestive protective effect of the rs2076469 in DISP3 gene (p-value: 1.39 x 10-5). The IL12RB2 gene (p-value: 2.18x10-11) also showed an unusual distribution of nonsynonymous rare SNVs in control samples. Finally, genes harboring harmful variants are involved in processes related to CZS phenotypes such as neurological development and immunity. Therefore, both rare and common variations may be likely to contribute as the underlying genetic cause of CZS susceptibility. The variations and pathways identified in this study may also have implications for the development of therapeutic strategies in the future.
Assuntos
Predisposição Genética para Doença , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus/congênito , Infecção por Zika virus/genética , Brasil , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/genética , Sequenciamento do Exoma , Zika virus/fisiologiaRESUMO
Abstract Objective: To evaluate the influence of gestational and perinatal factors on body composition and birth weight of full-term newborns. Method: This was a cross-sectional study, within a prospective cohort, consisting of 124 postpartum women and their newborns. Data included the following: maternal age; ethnicity; pre-gestational body mass index; gestational weight gain; parity; gestational morbidities (hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus); gestational age at birth; birth weight; and newborn's gender. Anthropometric and body composition data of the newborns were collected using air-displacement plethysmography (PeaPod® Infant Body Composition System-LMI; Concord, CA, USA). The stepwise technique was applied to a multiple linear regression model. Results: The significant variables in the model that explained 84% of the variation in neonatal fat-free mass were: birth weight; maternal age; newborn's gender and gestational age. For body fat mass: birth weight; newborn's gender; gestational arterial hypertension; gestational diabetes; and gestational weight gain. These variables explained 60% and 46% of fat mass, in grams and as a percentage, respectively. Regarding birth weight, the significant factors were gestational age, pre-gestational BMI, and gestational weight gain. Female newborns showed higher body fat mass and male newborns had higher fat-free mass. Conclusion: Gestational and perinatal factors influence neonatal body composition. Early identification of these gestational factors, which may be modifiable, is necessary to prevent obesity and chronic noncommunicable diseases in the future.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a influência de fatores gestacionais e perinatais na composição corporal e no peso de nascimento de recém-nascidos a termo. Método: Estudo transversal, dentro de uma coorte prospectiva, composto por 124 puérperas e seus recém-nascidos. Os dados incluíram: idade materna; etnia; índice de massa corpórea pré-gestacional; ganho de peso gestacional; paridade; morbidades gestacionais, (hipertensão arterial e diabetes mellitus gestacional); idade gestacional do nascimento; peso de nascimento; e sexo do recém-nascido. Os dados antropométricos e de composição corporal dos recém-nascidos foram coletados com a pletismografia por deslocamento de ar (PeaPod®). Foi aplicada a técnica de stepwise no modelo de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: As variáveis significativas do modelo que explicou 84% da variação da massa livre de gordura neonatal foram: peso de nascimento; idade materna; sexo do recém-nascido; e idade gestacional. Para a massa de gordura corporal: peso de nascimento; sexo do recém-nascido; hipertensão arterial gestacional; diabetes gestacional; e ganho de peso gestacional. Essas variáveis explicaram 60% e 46% da massa de gordura, em gramas e percentual, respectivamente. Em relação ao peso de nascimento os fatores significativos foram: idade gestacional; IMC pré-gestacional; e ganho de peso gestacional. Os recém-nascidos do sexo feminino apresentaram maior massa de gordura corporal e os do sexo masculino maior massa livre de gordura. Conclusão: Fatores gestacionais e perinatais influenciam a composição corporal neonatal. A identificação precoce desses fatores gestacionais, que podem ser modificáveis, é necessária para prevenção de obesidade e de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis no futuro.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Peso ao Nascer , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Prospectivos , Idade GestacionalRESUMO
We report Zika virus (ZIKV) vertical transmission in 130 infants born to PCR+ mothers at the time of the Rio de Janeiro epidemic of 2015-2016. Serum and urine collected from birth through the first year of life were tested by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and/or IgM Zika MAC-ELISA. Four hundred and seven specimens are evaluated; 161 sera tested by PCR and IgM assays, 85 urines by PCR. Sixty-five percent of children (N = 84) are positive in at least one assay. Of 94 children tested within 3 months of age, 70% are positive. Positivity declines to 33% after 3 months. Five children are PCR+ beyond 200 days of life. Concordance between IgM and PCR results is 52%, sensitivity 65%, specificity 40% (positive PCR results as gold standard). IgM and serum PCR are 61% concordant; serum and urine PCR 55%. Most children (65%) are clinically normal. Equal numbers of children with abnormal findings (29 of 45, 64%) and normal findings (55 of 85, 65%) have positive results, p = 0.98. Earlier maternal trimester of infection is associated with positive results (p = 0.04) but not clinical disease (p = 0.98). ZIKV vertical transmission is frequent but laboratory confirmed infection is not necessarily associated with infant abnormalities.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis/transmissão , Doenças Transmissíveis/virologia , Infecção por Zika virus/transmissão , Infecção por Zika virus/virologia , Zika virus/patogenicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Gravidez , Viroses/virologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Gastroschisis is increasing in incidence and has low mortality and high morbidity. We describe the clinical and surgical characteristics of gastroschisis patients in a Brazilian referral center. METHODS: Single-center prospective case series of gastroschisis patients. The following two groups were formed depending on the intestinal characteristics: simple and complex patients. RESULTS: In total, 79 patients were enrolled, 89% of whom were classified as simple and 11% as complex. The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups, with the exception of the illness severity score. The complex group had a significantly smaller defect size, more reoperations and worse clinical outcomes than the simple group, with the initiation of feeding taking 1.5 times longer, the duration of total parenteral nutrition taking twice as long, and the length of hospitalization being 2.5 times longer; the complex group also included all the deaths that occurred. Overall, the survival rate was 96%. Patients who underwent the sutureless technique had significantly fewer wound infections and a decreased duration of mechanical ventilation than sutured patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive picture of gastroschisis during the neonatal period in a Brazilian referral center, emphasizing the significantly higher risk for morbidity and mortality among complex patients than among simple patients and the few advantages of the sutureless technique over the sutured technique in terms of closing the defect. TYPE OF STUDY: Prognostic. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
Assuntos
Gastrosquise , Brasil , Gastrosquise/epidemiologia , Gastrosquise/mortalidade , Gastrosquise/cirurgia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Encaminhamento e ConsultaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of gestational and perinatal factors on body composition and birth weight of full-term newborns. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study, within a prospective cohort, consisting of 124 postpartum women and their newborns. Data included the following: maternal age; ethnicity; pre-gestational body mass index; gestational weight gain; parity; gestational morbidities (hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus); gestational age at birth; birth weight; and newborn's gender. Anthropometric and body composition data of the newborns were collected using air-displacement plethysmography (PeaPod® Infant Body Composition System-LMI; Concord, CA, USA). The stepwise technique was applied to a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS: The significant variables in the model that explained 84% of the variation in neonatal fat-free mass were: birth weight; maternal age; newborn's gender and gestational age. For body fat mass: birth weight; newborn's gender; gestational arterial hypertension; gestational diabetes; and gestational weight gain. These variables explained 60% and 46% of fat mass, in grams and as a percentage, respectively. Regarding birth weight, the significant factors were gestational age, pre-gestational BMI, and gestational weight gain. Female newborns showed higher body fat mass and male newborns had higher fat-free mass. CONCLUSION: Gestational and perinatal factors influence neonatal body composition. Early identification of these gestational factors, which may be modifiable, is necessary to prevent obesity and chronic noncommunicable diseases in the future.
Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores SexuaisAssuntos
MicroRNAs/biossíntese , Infecção por Zika virus/congênito , Infecção por Zika virus/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/virologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Microcefalia/genética , Microcefalia/virologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Neurônios/virologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/metabolismo , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Natimorto , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Many pathogens deliver virulence factors or effectors into host cells in order to evade host defenses and establish infection. Although such effector proteins disrupt critical cellular signaling pathways, they also trigger specific antipathogen responses, a process termed "effector-triggered immunity." The Gram-negative bacterial pathogen Yersinia inactivates critical proteins of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascade, thereby blocking inflammatory cytokine production but also inducing apoptosis. Yersinia-induced apoptosis requires the kinase activity of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a key regulator of cell death, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling. Through the targeted disruption of RIPK1 kinase activity, which selectively disrupts RIPK1-dependent cell death, we now reveal that Yersinia-induced apoptosis is critical for host survival, containment of bacteria in granulomas, and control of bacterial burdens in vivo. We demonstrate that this apoptotic response provides a cell-extrinsic signal that promotes optimal innate immune cytokine production and antibacterial defense, demonstrating a novel role for RIPK1 kinase-induced apoptosis in mediating effector-triggered immunity to circumvent pathogen inhibition of immune signaling.
Assuntos
Apoptose/imunologia , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinases de Interação com Receptores/imunologia , Infecções por Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/imunologia , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/imunologia , Animais , Apoptose/genética , Citocinas/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Resistência à Doença/genética , Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Imunidade Inata/genética , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/genética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Modelos Imunológicos , NF-kappa B/imunologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinases de Interação com Receptores/genética , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinases de Interação com Receptores/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Análise de Sobrevida , Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/fisiologia , Infecções por Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/genética , Infecções por Yersinia pseudotuberculosis/microbiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective action of resveratrol against the reproductive damage caused by left-sided experimental varicocele. There was a reduction of testicular major axis in the varicocele group when compared with the other groups; the testicular volume was reduced in varicocele group in comparison to the sham-control and resveratrol groups. The frequency of morphologically abnormal sperm was higher in varicocele and varicocele treated with resveratrol groups than in sham-control and resveratrol groups. The frequency of sperm with 100% of mitochondrial activity and normal acrosome integrity were lower in varicocele group than in varicocele treated with resveratrol, sham-control and resveratrol groups. Sperm motility was also reduced in varicocele group than in other groups. The sperm DNA fragmentation was higher in varicocele group than in other groups. Testicular levels of malondialdehyde were higher in varicocele and varicocele treated with resveratrol groups. The varicocele and varicocele treated with resveratrol groups had a significantly higher frequency of TUNEL-positive cells than sham-control and resveratrol groups; however, immunolabeling of the testes from varicocele treated with resveratrol group showed a lower number of apoptotic germ cells in comparison with the left testis of rats of the varicocele group. Reproductive alterations produced by varicocele from peripuberty were reduced by resveratrol in adulthood. Resveratrol should be better investigated as an adjuvant in the treatment of varicocele. Daily administration of resveratrol to rats with varicocele from peripuberty improves sperm quality in the adulthood.
Assuntos
Infertilidade Masculina/prevenção & controle , Puberdade/fisiologia , Reprodução/fisiologia , Motilidade dos Espermatozoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Estilbenos/farmacologia , Testículo/fisiologia , Varicocele , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Resveratrol , Testículo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of treatment approach on the outcomes of newborns (birth weight [BW] < 1,000 g) with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) on: death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH III/IV), retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgical (ROPsur), necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery (NECsur), and death/BPD. METHODS: This was a multicentric cohort study, retrospective data collection, including newborns (BW < 1000 g) with gestational age (GA) < 33 weeks and echocardiographic diagnosis of PDA, from 16 neonatal units of the BNRN from January 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2011. Newborns who died or were transferred until the third day of life, and those with presence of congenital malformation or infection were excluded. Groups: G1 - conservative approach (without treatment), G2 - pharmacologic (indomethacin or ibuprofen), G3 - surgical ligation (independent of previous treatment). Factors analyzed: antenatal corticosteroid, cesarean section, BW, GA, 5 min. Apgar score < 4, male gender, Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE II), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), late sepsis (LS), mechanical ventilation (MV), surfactant (< 2 h of life), and time of MV. Outcomes: death, O2 dependence at 36 weeks (BPD36wks), IVH III/IV, ROPsur, NECsur, and death/BPD36wks. Statistics: Student's t-test, chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test; Odds ratio (95% CI); logistic binary regression and backward stepwise multiple regression. Software: MedCalc (Medical Calculator) software, version 12.1.4.0. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 1,097 newborns were selected and 494 newborns were included: G1 - 187 (37.8%), G2 - 205 (41.5%), and G3 - 102 (20.6%). The highest mortality was observed in G1 (51.3%) and the lowest in G3 (14.7%). The highest frequencies of BPD36wks (70.6%) ...
OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da terapêutica adotada para o canal arterial (CA) em recém-nascidos (RN) < 1.000gadmitidos em unidades neonatais (UN) da Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas Neonatais (RBPN), sobre os desfechos: óbito, displasia broncopulmonar (DBP), hemorragia intraventricular grave (HIVIII/IV), retinopatia da prematuridade cirúrgica (ROPcir), enterocolite necrosante cirúrgica (ECNcir) e o desfecho combinado óbito e DBP. MÉTODOS: Estudo multicêntrico, de coorte, coleta de dados retrospectiva, incluindo RN de 16 UN da RBPN de 01/01/2010 a 31/12/2011, PN < 1.000 g, idade gestacional (IG) < 33 semanas e diagnóstico ecocardiográfico de PCA. Excluídos: óbitos ou transferências até o terceiro dia de vida, infecções congênitas ou malformações. Grupos:G1 - conservadora (sem intervenção medicamentosa ou cirúrgica), G2 - farmacológica (indometacina ou ibuprofeno) e G3 - cirúrgico (com ou sem tratamento farmacológico anterior). Analisou-se: uso de esteroide antenatal, parto cesárea, PN, IG, Apgar5' < 4, sexo masculino, SNAPPE II, síndrome do dDesconforto respiratório (SDR), sepse tardia, ventilação mecânica (VM), surfactante < 2 horas de vida, tempo de VM e os desfechos: óbito, dependência de oxigênio com 36 semanas (DBP36s), HIV III/IV, ROPcir, ECNcir e óbito/DBP36s. Estatística: Teste t-Student, Qui-Quadrado ou teste Exato de Fisher. Testes de Regressão Binária Logística e Regressão Múltipla Stepwise Backward. MedCalc (Medical Calculator) software, versão 12.1.4.0.p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 1.097 RN e 494 foram incluídos: G1-187 (37,8%), G2-205 (41,5%) e G3-102 (20,6%). Verificou-se: maior mortalidade (51,3%) no G1 e menor no G3(14,7%); maior frequência DBP36s (70,6%) e ROPcir (23,5%) ...
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/terapia , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Índice de Apgar , Brasil/epidemiologia , Displasia Broncopulmonar/mortalidade , Displasia Broncopulmonar/terapia , Estudos de Coortes , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/mortalidade , Idade Gestacional , Ligadura/métodos , Respiração Artificial , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of treatment approach on the outcomes of newborns (birth weight [BW] < 1,000 g) with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) on: death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH III/IV), retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgical (ROPsur), necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery (NECsur), and death/BPD. METHODS: This was a multicentric, cohort study, retrospective data collection, including newborns (BW < 1000 g) with gestational age (GA) < 33 weeks and echocardiographic diagnosis of PDA, from 16 neonatal units of the BNRN from January 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2011. Newborns who died or were transferred until the third day of life, and those with presence of congenital malformation or infection were excluded. Groups: G1 - conservative approach (without treatment), G2 - pharmacologic (indomethacin or ibuprofen), G3 - surgical ligation (independent of previous treatment). Factors analyzed: antenatal corticosteroid, cesarean section, BW, GA, 5 min. Apgar score < 4, male gender, Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE II), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), late sepsis (LS), mechanical ventilation (MV), surfactant (< 2 h of life), and time of MV. OUTCOMES: death, O2 dependence at 36 weeks (BPD36wks), IVH III/IV, ROPsur, NECsur, and death/BPD36wks. STATISTICS: Student's t-test, chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test; Odds ratio (95% CI); logistic binary regression and backward stepwise multiple regression. Software: MedCalc (Medical Calculator) software, version 12.1.4.0. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 1,097 newborns were selected and 494 newborns were included: G1 - 187 (37.8%), G2 - 205 (41.5%), and G3 - 102 (20.6%). The highest mortality was observed in G1 (51.3%) and the lowest in G3 (14.7%). The highest frequencies of BPD36wks (70.6%) and ROPsur were observed in G3 (23.5%). The lowest occurrence of death/BPD36wks occurred in G2 (58.0%). Pharmacological (OR 0.29; 95% CI: 0.14-0.62) and conservative (OR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.14-0.79) treatments were protective for the outcome death/BPD36wks. CONCLUSION: The conservative approach of PDA was associated to high mortality, the surgical approach to the occurrence of BPD36wks and ROPsur, and the pharmacological treatment was protective for the outcome death/BPD36wks.
Assuntos
Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/terapia , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Índice de Apgar , Brasil/epidemiologia , Displasia Broncopulmonar/mortalidade , Displasia Broncopulmonar/terapia , Estudos de Coortes , Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial/mortalidade , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Ligadura/métodos , Masculino , Gravidez , Respiração Artificial , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to analyze the changes in human milk macronutrients: fat, protein, and lactose in natural human milk (raw), frozen and thawed, after administration simulation by gavage and continuous infusion. METHOD: an experimental study was performed with 34 human milk samples. The infrared spectrophotometry using the infrared analysis equipment MilkoScan Minor(r) (Foss, Denmark) equipment was used to analyze the macronutrients in human milk during the study phases. The analyses were performed in natural (raw) samples and after freezing and fast thawing following two steps: gavage and continuous infusion. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test for paired samples was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: the fat content was significantly reduced after administration by continuous infusion (p < 0.001) during administration of both raw and thawed samples. No changes in protein and lactose content were observed between the two forms of infusion. However, the thawing process significantly increased the levels of lactose and milk protein. CONCLUSION: the route of administration by continuous infusion showed the greatest influence on fat loss among all the processes required for human milk administration. .
OBJETIVO: analisar as alterações dos macronutrientes gordura, proteína e lactose no leite humano natural, congelado e descongelado, após a simulação da administração da dieta por gavagem e infusão contínua. MÉTODO: foi conduzido um estudo experimental com 34 amostras de leite humano. Foi utilizada a técnica da espectofotometria infravermelha (Milko Scan Minor(r)) para analisar os macronutrientes do leite humano nas etapas do estudo. As amostras foram analisadas na forma natural (crua) e após congelamento e descongelamento rápido nas duas formas de infusão: gavagem e infusão contínua. Foi usado o teste não paramétrico de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas na análise estatística. RESULTADO: a gordura apresentou redução significativa após administração por infusão contínua (p < 0,001), tanto durante administração na forma natural quanto na forma descongelada. Não houve alteração da proteína e lactose segundo forma de infusão no leite descongelado e no leite in natura. O processo de descongelamento aumentou significativamente os níveis de lactose e de proteína do leite. CONCLUSÃO: a via de administração por infusão contínua foi o procedimento que mais influenciou na perda de gordura, dentre todos os processos necessários para administração do leite humano. .
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Congelamento/efeitos adversos , Lactose/química , Proteínas do Leite/química , Leite Humano/química , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: to analyze the changes in human milk macronutrients: fat, protein, and lactose in natural human milk (raw), frozen and thawed, after administration simulation by gavage and continuous infusion. METHOD: an experimental study was performed with 34 human milk samples. The infrared spectrophotometry using the infrared analysis equipment MilkoScan Minor® (Foss, Denmark) equipment was used to analyze the macronutrients in human milk during the study phases. The analyses were performed in natural (raw) samples and after freezing and fast thawing following two steps: gavage and continuous infusion. The non-parametric Wilcoxon test for paired samples was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: the fat content was significantly reduced after administration by continuous infusion (p<0.001) during administration of both raw and thawed samples. No changes in protein and lactose content were observed between the two forms of infusion. However, the thawing process significantly increased the levels of lactose and milk protein. CONCLUSION: the route of administration by continuous infusion showed the greatest influence on fat loss among all the processes required for human milk administration.
Assuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Congelamento/efeitos adversos , Lactose/química , Proteínas do Leite/química , Leite Humano/química , Feminino , Humanos , Valor NutritivoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A large proportion of road traffic crashes are related to driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol or drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the use of alcohol, illegal drugs and psychoactive medicinal drugs among random drivers in Brazil and Norway, two countries with the same legal limit for drunk driving, but with marked differences in legislation history, enforcement and penalties for DUI, and to discuss any differences found. METHODS: Roadside surveys were conducted on Fridays and Saturdays between noon and midnight. Samples of oral fluid were collected for analysis of drugs, whereas alcohol was determined by breath testing or by analysis of oral fluid. RESULTS: High participation rates of 94-97% were obtained in both countries. The weighted prevalence of driving with alcohol concentrations in breath or oral fluid equivalent to blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) above 0.2g/L was 2.7% (95% CI 2.2-3.3) in Brazil and 0.2% (95% CI 0.0-0.5) in Norway. Stimulants (amphetamines or cocaine) were found in samples from 1.0% (95% CI 0.7-1.4) of drivers in Brazil and 0.3% (95% CI 0.1-0.7) in Norway. The prevalence of amphetamines was highest among Brazilian truck drivers (3.6%; 95% CI 2.0-6.4). Tetrahydrocannabinol was found in samples from 0.5% (95% CI 0.3-0.8) of drivers in Brazil and 1.0% (95% CI 0.6-1.5) in Norway, whereas benzodiazepines or zopiclone were found in 1.0% (95% CI 0.7-1.4) and 1.7% (95% CI 1.2-2.4) of the samples from Brazil and Norway, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in the prevalence of alcohol may be related to the fact that Norway has implemented steps to reduce drunk driving since 1936, whereas Brazil has attempted to do the same for only a few years. Differences for drugs may be related to different patterns in the use of stimulants, cannabis and medicines.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Condução de Veículo/estatística & dados numéricos , Drogas Ilícitas , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/legislação & jurisprudência , Condução de Veículo/legislação & jurisprudência , Brasil/epidemiologia , Testes Respiratórios , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Noruega/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Psicotrópicos/administração & dosagem , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJETIVO:Determinar a incidência dos eventos adversos atribuíveis à exsanguíneotransfusão ocorridos em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) e sua associação com a gravidade clínica do paciente. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo todos os recém-nascidos internados com diagnóstico de doença hemolítica perinatal por aloimunização Rh em uma unidade neonatal no período de dez anos. Os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos de acordo com o quadro clínico anterior à exsanguíneotransfusão e calculou-se o risco relativo para cada evento adverso entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: 300 recém-nascidos foram internados com diagnóstico de anemia hemolítica por aloimunização Rh durante o período do estudo. Desses, 143 foram submetidos a 207 exsanguíneotransfusões, sendo que 93 (65 por cento) realizaram apenas um procedimento. A principal indicação da exsanguíneotransfusão foi a velocidade de hemólise (57 por cento). A incidência de eventos adversos foi 22,7 por cento e a mortalidade associada ao procedimento ocorreu em 0,7 por cento dos pacientes. Os eventos adversos, em sua maioria, foram assintomáticos e o mais comum foi a plaquetopenia. Os pacientes do Grupo 2, que apresentarem icterícia associada a outros agravos clínicos antes do procedimento, tiveram um risco 2,1 vezes maior de apresentar eventos adversos graves (RR: 2,1; IC 95 por cento: 1,3-3,4). Houve apenas um óbito relacionado ao procedimento no período. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de a exsanguíneotransfusão ser um procedimento frequentemente utilizado em casos de hiperbilirrubinemia grave, é alta a incidência de eventos adversos a ela relacionada, principalmente se a condição clínica do paciente for instável antes do procedimento.
OBJECTIVE:To determine the incidence of adverse events associated with exchange-transfusions performed during the past ten years and to evaluate if there is association between the severity of patient's clinical condition before the procedure and the incidence of adverse events. METHODS: All infants admitted to treat hemolytic disease secondary to Rhesus Alloimunoization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: Group 1, neonates admitted solely for asymptomatic hyperbilirubinemia before the exchange transfusion; Group 2, neonates with other medical conditions besides the hemolytic jaundice. Incidence of adverse events was determined, as well as the relative risk of each adverse event. RESULTS: 300 newborn infants with Rh hemolytic jaundice were studied. A total of 143 patients underwent 207 exchange transfusions. The rate of increase in the serum bilirubin levels (>0,5mg/dL/hour) was the main indication for exchange transfusion. Adverse events occurred in 22.7 percent of the cases and the mortality rate was 0.7 percent. The majority of adverse events were asymptomatic, and low platelet count was the most frequent one. The incidence of serious adverse events (bradycardia or heart arrhythmias and thrombocytopenia) was 2.1 times higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (RR: 2.1; CI: 95 percent 1.3-3.4). There was one death during the study period associated to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Although exchange transfusion is a frequent procedure for treating severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, the incidence of adverse events is high, especially if patients' clinical condition is unstable before the procedure.
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Anemia Hemolítica , Assistência Perinatal , Transfusão de Sangue/efeitos adversos , Eritroblastose Fetal , Isoimunização RhRESUMO
Este estudo analisa cuidados ambientais e relacões de atendimento em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal Cirúrgica, refletindo sobre potencialidades e obstáculos para promocão de cuidado humanizado. A pesquisa, realizada em uma instituicão de nível terciário, utilizou o método da observacão participante enfocando, por cinco meses, relacões profissional-bebê, profissional-responsável e mãe-bebê. Foram observadas rotinas contemplando condicões ambientais e necessidades de bebês e famílias, e estratégias para reducão de ruído e luminosidade, com diferentes níveis de efetividade. O consolo e bem-estar dos bebês eram proporcionados por suporte do corpo e uso da succão não-nutritiva. Tais condutas não eram sistematizadas e revelaram contradicões e ambigüidades. O acesso dos pais era incentivado, porém sinais de dificuldades como medo, inseguranca e estresse na relacão pais-bebês, indicaram necessidade de ampliacão dos cuidados dirigidos à família. Posturas e práticas em UTIs Neonatais são permeadas por conflitos, negociacões e adaptacões ao trabalho, constituindo um desafio à construcão de um modelo assistencial humanizado, que alie diferentes tecnologias, respeito e acolhimento às necessidades intersubjetivas de pacientes e profissionais e reconhecimento das lógicas culturais das famílias.
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Parto Humanizado , Relações Mãe-Filho , Relações Profissional-Paciente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva NeonatalRESUMO
The aim of our study was to analyse the problems caused by nosocomial infections (NI) in our intensive care unit (ICU). 239 patients admitted between January and June 1995 were included in the study. 33 episodes of nosocomial infection were diagnosed in 19 patients (7.9 percent). The overall incidence of NI was 13.9 percent. Lower respiratory tract infections were the most common (6.3 percent). Patients infected on admission to the ICU had more NI than other patients (odds ratio = 3.42, 95 percent confidence interval 3.28 - 4.52, p< 0.05). Gram negative bacteria were involved in 73.2 percent of NI. Acinetobacter baumanii and Peudomonas aeruginosa were responsible, respectively, for 22.4 percent and 25.4 percent of NI. The additional cost due to NI was 33 percent for laboratory investigations and 34 percent for antibiotics. After analysis of our results, our recommendations are a cautious use of antibiotics, more efficient diagnostic tools and particular care in preventing cross contamination of our mostly severely ill or infected patients. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Martinica/epidemiologiaRESUMO
In a retrospective study, we performed two preventive antibiotic policies in 60 severly burned patients. All patients with a Burn Surface Area (BSA) of > 40 percent received ceftazidime-amikacin in Fort de France and piperacillin-netilmicin in Lyon. In Fort de France, 20 percent of patients developed septic shock with a mortality rate of 67 percent. Gram negative bacilli were always responsible for septic shock, of which 50 percent were resistant to initial antibiotics. In Fort de France, the bacteriological ecology in the burn centre showed less methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than the hospital (p < 0.05) and the same sensitivity for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In Lyon, 37 percent of burn patients had septic shock with a mortality rate of 82 percent. In 91 percent, responsible isolates were multiresistant to initial antibiotics (p < 0.05). Bacteriological ecology of the burn centre was different from the hospital with a MRSA rate of 36.6 percent (p<0.02) and 54 percent of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( p < 0.05). Preventive antibiotics appear to be ineffective in severely ill burned patients. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Queimaduras/terapia , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Unidades de Queimados , Choque Séptico , Martinica , FrançaRESUMO
Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus is uncommon and is difficult to diagnose in the early stage. Clinical signs are lacking or incomplete, causing a delay in diagnosis and therapy which requires both intensive medical care and surgery. The surgical procedure depends on the time lapse to diagnosis. We report a case diagnosed 16 days after rupture in which directed fistulization led to complete healing.