RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical differences between a pediatric population with and without confirmed positive close contact for the new coronavirus, to establish the symptoms that define a population currently served in a children's emergency room for which polymerase chain reaction (PCR) collection for SARS-COV-2 is performed, and thus, make clinical and laboratory screening more reliable and applicable in medical routine. METHOD: Cross-sectional study that characterized 128 children (0-17 years old) who collected PCR for SARS-COV-2 when seen in an emergency room at a private hospital between March and June 2020. Data were collected from the electronic medical record of the researched hospital. RESULTS: Patients positive for close contact with COVID-19 had more diarrhea (P = .03) and less fever (P = .003) and coughing (P = .03). There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups on gender distribution, age, isolation of other etiologic agents, chest x-ray abnormalities, or the need for hospitalization. SARS-Cov-2 PCR showed a higher positivity among patients on the close contact positive group (P < .001). CONCLUSION: As seen in previous research, positive SARS-CoV-2 tests are not required for the pediatric population to be diagnosed with the new coronavirus. Diarrhea should be included in those related to a high suspicion of potential SARS-CoV-2 infection, prompting nasopharyngeal PCR collection. However, fever and cough are unspecific symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 infection and should not be considered as warning signs for parents and, more importantly, for pediatricians to collect screening examinations.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , Criança , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Tosse/etiologia , DiarreiaRESUMO
Air pollution is a growing problem worldwide, inducing and exacerbating several diseases. Among the several components of air pollutants, particulate matter (PM), especially thick (10-2.5 µm; PM 10) and thin (≤2.5 µm; PM 2.5), are breathable particles that easily can be deposited within the lungs, resulting in pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Although physical activity is strongly recommended, its effects when practiced in polluted environments are questionable. Therefore, the present study evaluated the pulmonary and systemic response of concomitant treadmill training with PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposure. Treadmill training inhibited PM 2.5- and PM 10-induced accumulation of total leukocytes (p<0.001), neutrophils (p<0.001), macrophages (p<0.001) and lymphocytes (p<0.001) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), as well as the BAL levels of IL-1beta (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), whereas it increased IL-10 levels (p<0.05). Similar effects were observed on accumulation of polymorphonuclear (p<0.01) and mononuclear (p<0.01) cells in the lung parenchyma and in the peribronchial space. Treadmill training also inhibited PM 2.5- and PM 10-induced systemic inflammation, as observed in the number of total leukocytes (p<0.001) and in the plasma levels of IL-1beta (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), whereas it increased IL-10 levels (p<0.001). Treadmill training inhibits lung and systemic inflammation induced by particulate matter.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/efeitos adversos , Pulmão/imunologia , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Citocinas/metabolismo , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Pulmão/citologia , Linfócitos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Modelos Animais , Neutrófilos/metabolismoRESUMO
Introdução: A prática de atividade física é recomendada para a prevenção das doenças não transmissíveis e melhora da qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os impactos do exercício físico na vida dos estudantes de Medicina. Método: Foi realizado estudo transversal com aplicação do questionário da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHOQOL-BREF) e perguntas relacionadas à atividade física em 405 alunos de medicina da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados: Os alunos que praticam exercícios físicos em competições esportivas e os que o fazem regularmente por pelo menos trinta minutos igual ou mais que três vezes por semana obtiveram melhor índice de qualidade de vida demonstrado em quase todos os domínios (p<0,005). Conclusão: Na amostra analisada, acadêmicos de Medicina que praticam atividades físicas competitivas ou com alta frequência semanal têm melhor qualidade de vida quando comparados àqueles que o fazem infrequentemente e aos sedentários.
Introduction: Regular physical activity is recommended for the prevention of non-communicable diseases and to improve quality of life. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of physical activity in the quality of life of medical students. Method: We used a cross-sectional study with application of the World Health Organization questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and questions related to physical activity in 405 medical students of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Results: Students who participate in sports competitions and those who do physical activities, regularly, for at least thirty minutes three times a week or more have better quality of life index demonstrated in almost all domains (p <0.005). Conclusion: In this study, medical students who are engaged in sports competitions and those who do physical activities, regularly, for at least thirty minutes three times a week have better quality of life when compared to those who do it infrequently or are sedentary.