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RESUMEN Introducción: La miocardiopatía chagásica (MC) difiere de otras causas de insuficiencia cardíaca en múltiples aspectos, destacándose el riesgo de embolias sistémicas. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han evaluado el riesgo de eventos embólicos en pacientes anticoagulados con MC en comparación con otras miocardiopatías. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la incidencia de embolias sistémicas en una cohorte de pacientes anticoagulados con diagnóstico de fibrilación auricular (FA) con y sin MC. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en hospital de cuarto nivel en Colombia durante el periodo 2014-2020. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de miocardiopatía de cualquier etiología y FA que estuvieran en régimen de anticoagulación. El resultado primario fue la incidencia de eventos embólicos. Se realizó un análisis de supervivencia mediante modelos de riesgos proporcionales de Cox ajustados. Un valor de p <0,05 se consideró significativo. Todas las pruebas estadísticas fueron de dos colas. Resultados: Se evaluaron 149 pacientes anticoagulados con miocardiopatía (mediana de edad: 71 años; mujeres: 30,20%). La incidencia acumulada de eventos embólicos fue significativamente mayor en los pacientes con MC (17,50%) en comparación con aquellos con otras miocardiopatías (4,95%), a pesar de que estos últimos tenían una puntuación CHA2DS2-VASc significativamente mayor (p=0,013). Tras el análisis multivariado, los pacientes con MC tuvieron un riesgo significativamente mayor de eventos embólicos independientemente de la puntuación CHA2DS2-VASc y del tipo de anticoagulante prescrito (HR 5,65; IC 95% 1,46-21,83; p=0,012). Conclusiones: La MC se asoció con un riesgo significativamente mayor de eventos embólicos, a pesar del tratamiento anticoagulante en ambos grupos. Se requiere más investigación para comprender el origen de este riesgo observado y traducir este conocimiento en indicaciones específicas de anticoagulación para pacientes con MC.
ABSTRACT Background: Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CC) differs from other heart failure causes in multiple aspects, highlighting the risk of systemic embolisms. However, few studies have evaluated the risk of embolic events in anticoagulated patients with CC compared with other cardiomyopathies. Objective: We aimed to analyze the incidence of systemic embolisms in a cohort of anticoagulated patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) with and without CC. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out at a fourth level hospital in Colombia during the period 2014-2020. All patients diagnosed with cardiomyopathy of any etiology and AF, who were on an anticoagulation regimen were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of embolic events. A survival analysis was performed using adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant. All statistical tests were two-tailed. Results: A total of 149 anticoagulated patients with cardiomyopathy were evaluated (median age: 71 years; women: 30.20%). The cumulative incidence of embolic events was significantly higher in patients with CC (17.50%) compared with those presenting other cardiomyopathies (4.95%), despite that the latter had a significantly higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (p=0.013). After multivariate analysis, patients with CC had a significantly higher risk of embolic events regardless of the CHA2DS2-VASc score and the type of anticoagulant prescribed (HR 5.65; 95% CI 1.46-21.83; p=0.012). Conclusions: Chagasic cardiomyopathy was associated with a significantly higher risk of embolic events, despite anticoagulation therapy in both groups. More research is required to understand the origin of the risk observed in order to translate this knowledge into specific indications for anticoagulation in patients with CC.
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Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) has unique pathogenic and clinical features with worse prognosis than other causes of heart failure (HF), despite the fact that patients with CCC are often younger and have fewer comorbidities. Patients with CCC were not adequately represented in any of the landmark HF studies that support current treatment guidelines. PARACHUTE-HF (Prevention And Reduction of Adverse outcomes in Chagasic Heart failUre Trial Evaluation) is an active-controlled, randomized, phase IV trial designed to evaluate the effect of sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg twice daily vs enalapril 10 mg twice daily added to standard of care treatment for HF. The study aims to enroll approximately 900 patients with CCC and reduced ejection fraction at around 100 sites in Latin America. The primary outcome is a hierarchical composite of time from randomization to cardiovascular death, first HF hospitalization, or relative change from baseline to week 12 in NT-proBNP levels. PARACHUTE-HF will provide new data on the treatment of this high-risk population. (Efficacy and Safety of Sacubitril/Valsartan Compared With Enalapril on Morbidity, Mortality, and NT-proBNP Change in Patients With CCC [PARACHUTE-HF]; NCT04023227).
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Aminobutiratos , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina , Compostos de Bifenilo , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica , Combinação de Medicamentos , Enalapril , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Tetrazóis , Valsartana , Humanos , Compostos de Bifenilo/uso terapêutico , Aminobutiratos/uso terapêutico , Enalapril/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Tetrazóis/uso terapêutico , Volume Sistólico/fisiologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Doença Crônica , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico/sangue , Masculino , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objective: Chagas disease poses a public health problem in Latin America, and the electrocardiogram is a crucial tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of this pathology. In this context, the aim of this study was to quantify the change in the ability to detect electrocardiographic patterns among healthcare professionals after completing a virtual course. Materials and Methods: An asynchronous virtual course with seven pre-recorded classes was conducted. Participants answered the same questionnaire at the beginning and end of the training. Based on these responses, pre and post-test results for each participant were compared. Results: The study included 1656 participants from 21 countries; 87.9% were physicians, 5.2% nurses, 4.1% technicians, and 2.8% medical students. Initially, 3.1% answered at least 50% of the pre-test questions correctly, a proportion that increased to 50.4% after the course (p=0.001). Regardless of their baseline characteristics, 82.1% of course attendees improved their answers after completing the course. Conclusions: The implementation of an asynchronous online course on electrocardiography in Chagas disease enhanced the skills of both medical and non-medical personnel to recognize this condition.
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Resumen Objetivo: el síndrome coronario agudo es una importante causa de morbimortalidad en Colombia, con una alta carga en calidad de vida, muertes, impacto social y costos para el sistema. El control subóptimo de las dislipidemias tiene múltiples causas, entre ellas el uso inadecuado de las estatinas, la inercia terapéutica, la baja difusión y la adopción de las guías y protocolos de manejo, adicional a las barreras de acceso a la atención y a los medicamentos, y la falta de trazabilidad en la atención a partir del evento isquémico agudo. El proyecto "Ruta de atención y manejo de los lípidos en el paciente con síndrome coronario agudo" busca identificar las brechas en la atención clínica y el manejo de la dislipidemia en los pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo en Colombia, y plantear soluciones para cerrarlas. Materiales y método: se realizaron 178 encuestas a profesionales médicos en instituciones de todo el país, para conocer las pautas de manejo de los pacientes con dislipidemia en el paciente con síndrome coronario agudo. Un panel de 17 expertos analizó los resultados y definió las brechas entre la práctica clínica, la evidencia disponible y el manejo recomendado, y planteó recomendaciones para cerrarlas. Resultados y Conclusiones: este artículo muestra las principales brechas detectadas en el manejo de la dislipidemia en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo en Colombia, y emite recomendaciones de manejo de la dislipidemia, coherentes con las necesidades y características del Sistema de Salud colombiano.
Abstract Objective: acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Colombia, imposing a heavy burden in terms of quality of life, deaths, social impact, and costs to the system. Suboptimal control of dyslipidemia, associated with inadequate statin use, therapeutic inertia, and low rate of dissemination and adoption of the management protocols and guidelines are clinical and healthcare-related factors that contribute to this situation. This is compounded by barriers that hinder access to care and medications, and the lack of care traceability after the acute ischemic event. The "Care Pathway and lipid management in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome" project seeks to identify gaps in clinical care and the management of dyslipidemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome in Colombia and propose solutions to bridge those gaps. Materials and method: to gain insights into the management of dyslipidemia in patients with ACS, 178 surveys were sent to medical professionals working in different institutions throughout the country. A panel of 17 experts analyzed the results and identified gaps in terms of clinical practice, available evidence, recommended management, and proposed recommendations to bridge those gaps. Results and conclusions: this paper describes the main gaps related to the management of dyslipidemia in patients with ACS in Colombia and offers recommendations by the needs and characteristics of the Colombian Health System.
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Neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity against the viral capsid of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors decreases transduction efficiency, thus limiting transgene expression. Several reports have mentioned a variation in NAb prevalence according to age, AAV serotype, and, most importantly, geographic location. There are currently no reports specifically describing the anti-AAV NAb prevalence in Latin America. Here, we describe the prevalence of NAb against different serotypes of AAV vectors (AAV1, AAV2, and AAV9) in Colombian patients with heart failure (HF) (referred to as cases) and healthy individuals (referred to as controls). The levels of NAb were evaluated in serum samples of 60 subjects from each group using an in vitro inhibitory assay. The neutralizing titer was reported as the first dilution inhibiting ≥50% of the transgene signal, and the samples with neutralizing titers at ≥1:50 dilution were considered positive. The prevalence of NAb in the case and control groups were similar (AAV2: 43% and 45%, respectively; AAV1 33.3% in each group; AAV9: 20% and 23.2%, respectively). The presence of NAb for two or more of the serotypes analyzed was observed in 25% of the studied samples, with the largest amount in the positive samples for AAV1 (55-75%) and AAV9 (93%), suggesting serial exposures, cross-reactivity, or coinfection. Moreover, patients in the HF group exhibited more common combined seropositivity for NAb against AAV1 d AAV9 than those in the control group (91.6% vs. 35.7%, respectively; p = 0.003). Finally, exposure to toxins was significantly associated with the presence of NAb in all regression models. These results constitute the first report of the prevalence of NAb against AAV in Latin America, being the first step to implementing therapeutic strategies based on AAV vectors in this population in our region.
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Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Humanos , Sorogrupo , América Latina , Anticorpos Antivirais , Dependovirus/genética , Prevalência , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Vetores Genéticos/genética , Transdução GenéticaRESUMO
Background: Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected tropical disease, endemic in Latin America, but due to migration and environmental changes it has become a global public health issue. Objectives: To assess the global prevalence and disability-adjusted life years due to CD using findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Methods: The Global Burden of Disease data was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network; results were provided by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. The prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were described at a global, regional, and national level, including data from 1990 to 2019. Results: Globally, CD prevalence decreased by 11.3% during the study period, from 7,292,889 cases estimated in 1990 to 6,469,283 in 2019. Moreover, the global DALY rate of CD decreased by 23.7% during the evaluated period, from 360,872 in 1990 to 275,377 in 2019. In addition, significant differences in the burden by sex, being men the most affected, age, with the elderly having the highest burden of the disease, and sociodemographic index (SDI), with countries with the lowest SDI values having the highest prevalence of the disease, were observed. Finally, the prevalence trends have followed different patterns according to the region, with a sustained decrease in Latin America, compared to an increasing trend in North America and Europe until 2010. Conclusion: The global burden of CD has changed in recent decades, with a sustained decline in the number of cases. Although the majority of cases remain concentrated in Latin America, the increase observed in countries in North America and Europe highlights the importance of screening at-risk populations and raising awareness of this neglected tropical disease.
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Doença de Chagas , Carga Global da Doença , Idoso , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Feminino , Saúde Global , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Doenças Negligenciadas , Prevalência , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Introducción: En las dos últimas décadas, varios países de América Latina han experimentado múltiples brotes de la enfermedad de Chagas oral. El estudio: Estudio retrospectivo que analiza un brote de enfermedad de Chagas oral aguda en Sucre, Colombia durante diciembre-enero de 2020. Los casos fueron confirmados por diferentes métodos diagnósticos. Hallazgos: Durante dos semanas se confirmaron 16 casos, donde la edad media fue de 14 años. Del total, 14 pacientes fueron hospitalizados y 2 fallecieron. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyeron: fiebre, edema facial, hepatoesplenomegalia. En 13 de los pacientes se observaron tripomastigotes de Trypanosoma cruzi en los frotis fino y grueso. La transmisión oral se estableció como la vía más probable. Conclusiones: La enfermedad de Chagas aguda transmitida por vía oral puede poner en peligro la vida o incluso ser mortal, por tanto, es urgente mejorar las medidas de control epidemiológico a nivel nacional y en otros países de América Latina.
Background:In the last two decades, several Latin Americancountrieshaveexperiencedmultiple outbreaksoforalChagasdisease.Thestudy: Retrospective study analyzing an outbreak of acute oralChagasdiseaseinSucre,Colombiaduring December-January 2020. The cases were confirmed by different diagnostic methods. During two Finding:weeks, 16 cases were confirmed, where the mean age was 14 years and 12 were male. Of the total, 14 patientswerehospitalizedand2died.Clinical manifestationsinclude:fever,facialedema, hepatosplenomegaly,In13ofthepatients Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes were observed in thethinandthicksmears.Oraltransmissionis established as the most likely route in 14 of the patients. Acute orally transmitted Conclusions: Chagas disease can be life-threatening or even fatal, therefore, it is urgent to improve epidemiological control measures at the national level and in other Latin American countries.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association of circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCM) diagnosis. BACKGROUND: DHEA-S is among the main endogenous steroid hormones. Some studies have suggested a relevant role of this hormone in infections and the setting of CCM. Nevertheless, no study has evaluated the prognostic role of DHEA-S in CCM patients. METHODS: Prospective cohort study. Patients with CCM and reduced ejection fraction were included. We explored the association of DHEA-S levels with NT-proBNP levels and echocardiographic variables using linear regression models. Next, by using Cox Proportional Hazard models, we examined whether levels of DHEA-S could predict a composite outcome (CO) including all-cause mortality, cardiac transplantation, and implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). RESULTS: Seventy-four patients were included (59% males, median age: 64 years). After adjustment for confounding factors, high DHEA-S levels were associated with better LVEF, lower left atrium volume, end-systolic volume of the left ventricle and lower NT-proBNP levels. 43% of patients experienced the CO during a median follow-up of 40 months. Increased levels of DHEA-S were associated with a lower risk of developing the CO (HR 0.43; 95%CI 0.21-0.86). Finally, adding DHEA-S to the multivariate model did not improve the prediction of the CO, but substituting NT-proBNP in the model with DHEA-S showed similar performance. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with CCM, higher DHEA-S levels were associated with lower mortality, heart transplantation, and LVAD implantation. Further larger studies are required to confirm our results and assess causality.
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Cardiomiopatias , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica , Doença de Chagas , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Biomarcadores , Desidroepiandrosterona , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeo Natriurético Encefálico , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Volume SistólicoRESUMO
Background: Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy is a unique form of cardiomyopathy, with a significantly higher mortality risk than other heart failure etiologies. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) plays an important role in the prognosis of CCM; however, the value of serum biomarkers in identifying and stratifying DD has been poorly studied in this context. We aimed to analyze the correlation of six biochemical markers with diastolic function echocardiographic markers and DD diagnosis in patients with CCM. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 100 adults with different stages of CCM. Serum concentrations of amino-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), galectin-3 (Gal-3), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT), soluble (sST2), and cystatin-C (Cys-c) were measured. Tissue Doppler imaging was used to measure echocardiographic parameters indicating DD. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted by age, sex, BMI, and NYHA classification were used to evaluate the association between the biomarkers and DD. Results: From the total patients included (55% male with a median age of 62 years), 38% had a preserved LVEF, but only 14% had a normal global longitudinal strain. Moreover, 64% had a diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction, with most of the patients showing a restrictive pattern (n = 28). The median levels of all biomarkers (except for sST2) were significantly higher in the group of patients with DD. Higher levels of natural log-transformed NTproBNP (per 1-unit increase, OR = 3.41, p < 0.001), Hs-cTnT (per 1-unit increase, OR = 3.24, p = 0.001), NGAL (per 1-unit increase, OR = 5.24, p =0.003), and Cys-C (per 1-unit increase, OR = 22.26, p = 0.008) were associated with increased odds of having diastolic dysfunction in the multivariate analyses. Finally, NT-proBNP had the highest AUC value (88.54) for discriminating DD presence. Conclusion: Cardiovascular biomarkers represent valuable tools for diastolic dysfunction assessment in the context of CCM. Additional studies focusing mainly on patients with HFpEF are required to validate the performance of these cardiovascular biomarkers in CCM, allowing for an optimal assessment of this unique population.
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Resumen Introducción La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) puede predisponer a tromboembolia venosa o trombosis arterial debido a una respuesta inflamatoria aumentada, hipoxia, inmovilización y coagulación intravascular diseminada; hasta en un 20 a 50% de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 tienen alteraciones hematológicas relacionadas con coagulopatía (dímero D elevado, tiempo de protrombina prolongado, trombocitopenia y/o fibrinógeno bajo). Evaluaciones post mortem evidencian depósitos trombóticos microvasculares típicos, ricos en plaquetas en vasos pequeños de pulmones y otros órganos. Objetivo Brindar una aproximación práctica y actualizada en el manejo del paciente con riesgo elevado o que presentan eventos tromboembólicos en el marco de la actual pandemia por COVID-19. Material y métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa que incluyó estudios observacionales descriptivos. Se efectuó una búsqueda de la literatura de evidencia médica en diferentes buscadores como Science Direct y PubMed, usando las palabras claves thromboprophylaxis, anticoagulation, thrombosis, anticoagulant, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus. Posteriormente se escribieron las recomendaciones generales referentes al tema. Conclusiones Existen diferentes formas en las que la pandemia por COVID-19 puede predisponer al desarrollo de enfermedades trombóticas o tromboembólicas, el efecto directo o indirecto de este virus relacionado con la tormenta de citocinas que precipita el inicio del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica y predispone al desarrollo de eventos trombóticos; también las intervenciones disponibles pueden tener interacciones farmacológicas con antiagregantes y/o anticoagulantes.
Abstract Introduction Coronavirus 19 infection can predispose to VTE or arterial thrombosis due to a heightened inflammatory response, hypoxia, immobility and DIC. Up to 20-50% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 have hematological disorders related to coagulopathies (elevated D-dimer, prolonged PT, thrombocytopenia and/or low fibrinogen). Post-mortem examinations show typical platelet-rich microvascular thrombotic deposits in the small vessels of the lungs and other organs. Objective To provide a practical, updated approach to the treatment of patients at high risk for or with ongoing thromboembolic events in the current COVID-19 pandemic setting. Material and methods A narrative review was performed including descriptive observational studies. A search of the medical evidence literature was carried out in different search engines such as ScienceDirect and PubMed, using the following key words: thromboprophylaxis, anticoagulation, thrombosis, anticoagulant, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, and coronavirus, and general recommendations on the topic were subsequently composed. Conclusions The are various ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic may predispose to the development of thrombotic or thromboembolic diseases. The virus may have a direct or indirect effect related to the cytokine storm which triggers the onset of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and predisposes to the development of thrombotic events. The available interventions may also have pharmacological interactions with antiplatelet drugs and/or anticoagulants.
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Humanos , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea , Trombose , COVID-19 , AnticoagulantesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a unique form of cardiomyopathy compared to other etiologies of heart failure. In CCM, risk prediction based on biomarkers has not been well-studied. We assessed the prognostic value of a biomarker panel to predict a composite outcome (CO), including the need for heart transplantation, use of left ventricular assist devices, and mortality. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 100 adults with different stages of CCM. Serum concentrations of amino-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), galectin-3 (Gal-3), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), high sensitivity troponin T (hs-cTnT), soluble (sST2), and cystatin-C (Cys-c) were measured. Survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 52 months, the mortality rate was 20%, while the CO was observed in 25% of the patients. Four biomarkers (NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, sST2, and Cys-C) were associated with the CO; concentrations of NT-proBNP and hs-cTnT were associated with the highest AUC (85.1 and 85.8, respectively). Combining these two biomarkers above their selected cut-off values significantly increased risk for the CO (HR 3.18; 95%CI 1.31-7.79). No events were reported in the patients in whom the two biomarkers were under the cut-off values, and when both levels were above cut-off values, the CO was observed in 60.71%. CONCLUSION: The combination of NT-proBNP and hs-TnT above their selected cut-off values is associated with a 3-fold increase in the risk of the composite outcome among CCM patients. The use of cardiac biomarkers may improve prognostic evaluation of patients with CCM.
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Biomarcadores/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/complicações , Idoso , Doenças Cardiovasculares/sangue , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Chagas disease is an infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, endemic in Latino America. Leveraging the three-way admixture between Native American (AMR), European (EUR) and African (AFR) populations in Latin Americans, we aimed to better understand the genetic basis of Chagas disease by performing an admixture mapping study in a Colombian population. A two-stage study was conducted, and subjects were classified as seropositive and seronegative for T. cruzi. In stage 1, global and local ancestries were estimated using reference data from the 1000 Genomes Project (1KGP), and local ancestry associations were performed by logistic regression models. The AMR ancestry showed a protective association with Chagas disease within the major histocompatibility complex region [Odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66-0.83, lowest P-value = 4.53 × 10-8]. The fine mapping assessment on imputed genotypes combining data from stage 1 and 2 from an independent Colombian cohort, revealed nominally associated variants in high linkage disequilibrium with the top signal (rs2032134, OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.90-0.97, P-value = 3.54 × 10-4) in the previously associated locus. To assess ancestry-specific adaptive signals, a selective sweep scan in an AMR reference population from 1KGP together with an in silico functional analysis highlighted the Tripartite Motif family and the human leukocyte antigen genes, with crucial role in the immune response against pathogens. Furthermore, these analyses emphasized the macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils, as key players in the defense against T. cruzi. This first admixture mapping study in Chagas disease provided novel insights underlying the host immune response in the pathogenesis of this neglected disease.
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Doença de Chagas , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Doença de Chagas/genética , Colômbia , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Hispânico ou Latino , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genéticaRESUMO
Resumen El registro RECOLFACA es la primera aproximación que se realiza en Colombia sobre el perfil clínico y demográfico de los pacientes con falla cardiaca, e incluye instituciones de gran parte del territorio nacional. Esta información es de gran relevancia ya que permitirá caracterizar la población y servir como base para diseñar políticas públicas que ofrezcan una mejor atención en salud a esta población. Este importante proyecto epidemiológico, llevado a cabo por el Capítulo de Falla Cardíaca, Trasplantes e Hipertensión Pulmonar de la Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular, es pionero en la evaluación de las enfermedades cardiovasculares en Colombia y, adicionalmente, servirá como modelo para la evaluación de otras enfermedades.
Abstract The RECOLFACA registry is Colombias first approach to describing the clinical and demographic profile of patients with heart failure, which includes institutions throughout much of the country. This information is of great importance as it will characterize the population and serve as the basis for designing public policies which will provide better health care to this population. This important epidemiological project, carried out by the Heart Failure, Transplants and Pulmonary Hypertension Chapter of the Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular [Colombian Society of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery] is a pioneer in evaluating cardiovascular diseases in Colombia, and will also serve as a model for evaluating other diseases.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Hospitalização , Terapêutica , MortalidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Heart transplant (HT) remains the most frequently indicated therapy for patients with end-stage heart failure that improves prognosis in Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCM). However, the lack of benznidazole therapy and availability of RT-PCR follow-up in many centers is a major limitation to perform this life-saving intervention, as there are concerns related with the risk of reactivation. We aimed to describe the outcomes of a cohort of patients with CCM who underwent HT using a conventional protocol with mycophenolate mofetil, without benznidazole prophylaxis or RT-PCR follow-up. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Between 2008 and 2018, 43 patients with CCM underwent HT. A descriptive analysis to characterize outcomes as rejection, infectious and neoplastic complications and a survival analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Median of follow-up was 4.3 (IR 4.28) years. Survival at 1 month, 1 year, and 5 years was 95%, 85%, and 75%, respectively, infections being the main cause of death (60%). Reactivations occurred in only three patients (7.34%) and were not related to mortality. CONCLUSION: This cohort showed a favorable survival and a low reactivation rate without an impact on mortality. Our results suggest that performing HT in patients with CCM following conventional guidelines and recommendations for other etiologies is a safe approach.
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Cardiomiopatia Chagásica , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Transplante de Coração , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/cirurgia , Estudos de Coortes , Transplante de Coração/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Introducción: la escala Zung para depresión ha sido previamente utilizada en pacientes con falla cardíaca; sin embargo, en nuestro conocimiento no se encuentra evidencia de su validez para la versión en español, ni su uso en población adulta con falla cardíaca en Colombia. Objetivo: determinar la validez de constructo de la escala Zung para depresión en su versión original y proponer una versión abreviada para pacientes adultos con falla cardíaca. Método: estudio de corte transversal, realizado en 200 pacientes de una clínica de falla y trasplante cardiaco, a quienes se aplicó la Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Se evaluó la consistencia interna por medio del alfa de Cronbach, y el análisis factorial fue utilizado para identificar las dimensiones del instrumento. Resultados: la consistencia interna de la versión original de la escala (20 ítems) fue de α = 0,811. El análisis de factores mostró una estructura compuesta por tres de ellos que explican el 51,59 % de la varianza total. La nueva versión abreviada (13 ítems) obtuvo un α = 0,819, y los ítems correlacionaron con un único factor que explicó el 33,54 % de la varianza total. Discusión: Nuestros hallazgos son similares a los encontrados por otros autores en diferentes poblaciones a la estudiada. Conclusiones: se evidenció validez de constructo tanto para la escala Zung, para depresión, en su versión original, como para la abreviada, creada en la población estudiada. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios adicionales que verifiquen estos hallazgos en una muestra representativa, y que otros aspectos de la psicometría sean evaluados.
Introduction: the Zung scale for depression has previously been used in patients with heart failure; However, to our knowledge, there is no evidence of its validity for the Spanish version, nor its use in the adult population with heart failure in Colombia. Objective: to determine the construct validity of the Zung scale for depression in its original version and propose an abbreviated version for adult patients with heart failure. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in 200 patients from a heart failure and transplant clinic to whom the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale was applied. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, and factor analysis was used to identify the instrument's dimensions. Results: the internal consistency of the original version of the scale (20 items) was α = 0.811. The factor analysis showed a structure composed of three that explains 51.59% of the total variance. The new abbreviated version (13 items) obtained α = 0.819, and the items correlated with a single factor that explained 33.54% of the total variance. Discussion: Our findings are similar to those found by other authors in different populations from the one studied. Conclusions: construct validity was evidenced for both the Zung scale for depression, in its original version, and the abbreviated version created in the studied population.
Introdução: a escala de Zung para depressão foi usada anteriormente em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. No entanto, até onde sabemos, não há evidências de sua validade para a versão em espanhol, nem seu uso na população adulta com insuficiência cardíaca na Colômbia. Objetivo: determinar a validade de construto da escala de Zung para depressão em sua versão original e propor uma versão abreviada para pacientes adultos com insuficiência cardíaca. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 200 pacientes de uma clínica de insuîciência cardíaca e transplante, aos quais foi aplicada a Zung Self Rating Depression Scale. A consistência interna foi avaliada por meio do alfa de Cronbach e a análise fatorial foi utilizada para identificar as dimensões do instrumento. Resultados: a consistência interna da versão original da escala (20 itens) foi α = 0,811. A análise fatorial mostrou uma estrutura composta por três deles que explicam 51,59% da variância total. A nova versão abreviada (13 itens) obteve α = 0,819, e os itens se correlacionaram com um único fator que explicou 33,54% da variância total. Discussão: Nossos achados são semelhantes aos encontrados por outros autores em populações diferentes da estudada. Conclusões: a validade de construto foi evidenciada tanto para a escala de Zung, para depressão, em sua versão original, quanto para a versão abreviada, elaborada na população estudada. No entanto, estudos adicionais são necessários para verificar esses achados em uma amostra representativa e que forem avaliados outros aspectos da psicometria
Assuntos
Humanos , Estudo de Validação , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Depressão , Insuficiência CardíacaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the effect of parasite load assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) in serum on the prognosis of patients with chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCM) after a 2-year follow-up. METHODS: Prospective cohort study conducted between 2015 and 2017. One hundred patients with CCM were included. Basal parasitaemia levels of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) were measured using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test. The primary composite outcome (CO) was all-cause mortality, cardiac transplantation and implantation of a left ventricular assist device. Secondary outcomes were the baseline levels of serum biomarkers and echocardiographic variables. RESULTS: After a 2 years of follow-up, the primary CO rate was 16%. A positive qPCR was not associated with a higher risk of the CO. However, when parasitaemia was evaluated by comparing tertiles (tertile 1: undetectable parasitaemia, tertile 2: low parasitaemia and tertile 3: high parasitaemia), a higher risk of the CO (HR 3.66; 95% CI 1.11-12.21) was evidenced in tertile 2. Moreover, patients in tertile 2 had significantly higher levels of high-sensitivity troponin T and cystatin C and more frequently exhibited an ejection fraction <50%. CONCLUSION: Low parasitaemia was associated with severity markers of myocardial injury and a higher risk of the composite outcome when compared with undetectable parasitaemia. This finding could be hypothetically explained by a more vigorous immune response in patients with low parasitaemia that could decrease T. cruzi load more efficiently, but be associated with increased myocardial damage. Additional studies with a larger number of patients and cytokine measurement are required to support this hypothesis.
OBJECTIFS: Analyser l'effet de la charge parasitaire évaluée par PCR quantitative de transcription inverse (RT-qPCR) dans le sérum sur le pronostic des patients atteints de cardiomyopathie chronique de Chagas (CCM) après un suivi de deux ans. MÉTHODES: Etude de cohorte prospective menée entre 2015 et 2017. Une centaine de patients atteints de CCM ont été inclus. Les niveaux de parasitémie basale de Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) ont été mesurés en utilisant un test de réaction en chaîne de la polymérase quantitative (qPCR). Le principal résultat composite (RC) était la mortalité toutes causes, la transplantation cardiaque et l'implantation d'un dispositif d'assistance ventriculaire gauche. Les critères secondaires étaient les niveaux de base des biomarqueurs sériques et des variables échocardiographiques. RÉSULTATS: Après 2 ans de suivi, le taux de RC primaire était de 16%. Une qPCR positive n'était pas associée à un risque plus élevé de RC. Cependant, lorsque la parasitémie était évaluée en comparant les tertiles (tertile 1: parasitémie indétectable, tertile 2: parasitémie faible et tertile 3: parasitémie élevée), un risque plus élevé de RC (HR: 3,66; IC95%: 1,11-12,21) a été mis en évidence dans le tertile 2. De plus, les patients du tertile 2 avaient des niveaux significativement plus élevés de troponine T et de cystatine-C à haute sensibilité et présentaient plus fréquemment une fraction d'éjection <50%. CONCLUSION: Une faible parasitémie était associée à des marqueurs de sévérité des lésions myocardiques et à un risque plus élevé de résultat composite par rapport à une parasitémie indétectable. Cette découverte pourrait être hypothétiquement expliquée par une réponse immunitaire plus vigoureuse chez les patients présentant une faible parasitémie qui pourrait diminuer la charge de T. cruzi plus efficacement mais être associée à une augmentation des lésions myocardiques. Des études supplémentaires avec un plus grand nombre de patients et une mesure des cytokines sont nécessaires pour étayer cette hypothèse.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/sangue , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/parasitologia , DNA de Protozoário/sangue , Trypanosoma cruzi/genética , Idoso , Biomarcadores/sangue , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/mortalidade , Doença Crônica , Colômbia , Progressão da Doença , Ecocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carga Parasitária , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Análise de Sobrevida , Trypanosoma cruzi/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Background: Heart failure (HF) and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) represent two chronic interrelated conditions accounting for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Insulin resistance (IR) has been identified as a risk factor for HF; however, the risk of IR that HF confers has not been well elucidated. The present study aims to analyze the association between myocardial involvement in Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy (CCM) and IR, taking advantage of this non-metabolic model of the disease. Methods: Cross-sectional study performed during the period 2015-2016. Adults with a serological diagnosis of Chagas disease were included, being divided into two groups: CCM and non-CCM. IR was determined by HOMA-IR index. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to determine the association between IR as an outcome and CCM as primary exposure. Results: 200 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 54.7 years and a female predominance (53.5%). Seventy-four (37.0%) patients were found to have IR, with a median HOMA-IR index of 3.9 (Q1 = 3.1; Q3 = 5.1). Multiple metabolic variables were significantly associated with IR. In a model analyzing only individuals with an altered HWI, an evident association between CCM and IR was observed (OR 4.08; 95% CI 1.55-10.73, p = 0.004). Conclusion: CCM was significantly associated with IR in patients with an altered HWI. The presence of this association in a non-metabolic model of HF (in which the myocardial involvement is expected to be mediated mostly by the parasitic infection) may support the evidence of a direct unidirectional correlation between this last and IR.