RESUMO

Few studies have focused the vertical structure of bat assemblages, and how it influences community composition. The goal of this study was to analyze the vertical structure of an assemblage of bats in a forest fragment in southern Brazil. Bats were sampled using mist-nets placed at three heights (understory, below-canopy, and canopy). Forest strata were compared with respect to their species richness and diversity. The latter was estimated using the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), and the statistical significance of differences among strata was assessed using t tests. We used an index of Constancy (C) to determine the frequency of a given species in each vegetation stratum, such that a species was considered as "frequent" (C > 50), "less frequent" (25 C 50) and "occasional" (C 25). We captured 485 bats belonging to two families and 24 species. In the understory layer, we captured 173 individuals in 13 species, which resulted in a diversity index of H' = 1.981. In the under-canopy, 153 individuals were caught in 18 species and the resulting diversity index was H' = 2.509. Finally, in the canopy, 159 bats were caught, in 22 species, with the resulting diversity index of H' = 2.442. In the understory and in the canopy, only one species Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) was classified as "frequent." Four species A. lituratus, Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1810), Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, and Eptesicus diminutus Osgood, 1915 were classified as "less frequent" in the under-canopy stratum. All other species recorded in each stratum were classified as "occasional." The studied bat assemblage showed vertical stratification, with the higher strata harboring increased diversity. Our study shows how important it is to sample the upper levels of a forest fragment to obtain a more representative understanding of the use of space by a bat assemblage.

RESUMO

Few studies have focused the vertical structure of bat assemblages, and how it influences community composition. The goal of this study was to analyze the vertical structure of an assemblage of bats in a forest fragment in southern Brazil. Bats were sampled using mist-nets placed at three heights (understory, below-canopy, and canopy). Forest strata were compared with respect to their species richness and diversity. The latter was estimated using the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), and the statistical significance of differences among strata was assessed using t tests. We used an index of Constancy (C) to determine the frequency of a given species in each vegetation stratum, such that a species was considered as "frequent" (C > 50), "less frequent" (25 C 50) and "occasional" (C 25). We captured 485 bats belonging to two families and 24 species. In the understory layer, we captured 173 individuals in 13 species, which resulted in a diversity index of H' = 1.981. In the under-canopy, 153 individuals were caught in 18 species and the resulting diversity index was H' = 2.509. Finally, in the canopy, 159 bats were caught, in 22 species, with the resulting diversity index of H' = 2.442. In the understory and in the canopy, only one species Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) was classified as "frequent." Four species A. lituratus, Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1810), Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, and Eptesicus diminutus Osgood, 1915 were classified as "less frequent" in the under-canopy stratum. All other species recorded in each stratum were classified as "occasional." The studied bat assemblage showed vertical stratification, with the higher strata harboring increased diversity. Our study shows how important it is to sample the upper levels of a forest fragment to obtain a more representative understanding of the use of space by a bat assemblage.

RESUMO

Few studies have focused the vertical structure of bat assemblages, and how it influences community composition. The goal of this study was to analyze the vertical structure of an assemblage of bats in a forest fragment in southern Brazil. Bats were sampled using mist-nets placed at three heights (understory, below-canopy, and canopy). Forest strata were compared with respect to their species richness and diversity. The latter was estimated using the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), and the statistical significance of differences among strata was assessed using t tests. We used an index of Constancy (C) to determine the frequency of a given species in each vegetation stratum, such that a species was considered as "frequent" (C > 50), "less frequent" (25 C 50) and "occasional" (C 25). We captured 485 bats belonging to two families and 24 species. In the understory layer, we captured 173 individuals in 13 species, which resulted in a diversity index of H' = 1.981. In the under-canopy, 153 individuals were caught in 18 species and the resulting diversity index was H' = 2.509. Finally, in the canopy, 159 bats were caught, in 22 species, with the resulting diversity index of H' = 2.442. In the understory and in the canopy, only one species Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) was classified as "frequent." Four species A. lituratus, Sturnira lilium (É. Geoffroy, 1810), Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, and Eptesicus diminutus Osgood, 1915 were classified as "less frequent" in the under-canopy stratum. All other species recorded in each stratum were classified as "occasional." The studied bat assemblage showed vertical stratification, with the higher strata harboring increased diversity. Our study shows how important it is to sample the upper levels of a forest fragment to obtain a more representative understanding of the use of space by a bat assemblage.

RESUMO

The use of mist nets installed in the understory, possible routes of flight, is possibly the most commonly used method in studies of bats. However, this method is partially selective, capturing mainly fruit bats that forage in the understory. The present study aimed to present a method for lifting mist nets canopies. Data obtained in field experiments show that in general, the rise of networks by this method is efficient for the sampling of bats in the canopy and subcapony in Atlantic rain forests. Both Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae showed considerable increase in wealth with the sampling of the upper stratum.

O uso de redes de neblina instaladas no sub-bosque, em possíveis rotas de vôo, é possivelmente o método comumente mais utilizado em estudos com morcegos. No entanto, este método é parcialmente seletivo, capturando principalmente, morcegos frugívoros que forrageiam no subosque. O presente manuscrito teve como objetivo, apresentar um método para elevação de redes de neblina em dosséis. Os dados obtidos em campo demonstram que, de forma geral, a elevação de redes pelo método descrito é eficiente para a amostragem de morcegos no subdossel e dossel de regiões de Mata Atlântica. Tanto Phyllostomidae quanto Vespertilionidae apresentaram aumento considerável na riqueza com a amostragem dos estratos superiores.

RESUMO

Migration is defined as a seasonal and cyclic population movement observed in all animal classes and studied mainly in vertebrates. A considerable part of the knowledge on migration comes from birds, for which migration is an important aspect of their biology. In the case of bats, females usually migrate larger distances than males in some species. The present study analyzes the seasonal occurrence of Pygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843) at different elevations, in order to test for a pattern that evidences migration, using data from the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 529 specimens of P. bilabiatum were captured. Pygoderma bilabiatum seems to be more frequent at intermediate and high elevations (over 80% of all captures were made above 250 m a.s.l.) and at latitudes above 22°S, where rainfall is high (over 1,500 mm) and temperatures are mild (16-23°C). Sex ratio varied with elevation; it was skewed towards males at lower elevations (N = 9, r² = 0.60, F = 12.311, p = 0.008, Sex ratio = 0.0004*elevation + 0.976), though females predominated at all altitudinal bands and in all states analyzed.

RESUMO

The use of mist nets installed in the understory, possible routes of flight, is possibly the most commonly used method in studies of bats. However, this method is partially selective, capturing mainly fruit bats that forage in the understory. The present study aimed to present a method for lifting mist nets canopies. Data obtained in field experiments show that in general, the rise of networks by this method is efficient for the sampling of bats in the canopy and subcapony in Atlantic rain forests. Both Phyllostomidae and Vespertilionidae showed considerable increase in wealth with the sampling of the upper stratum.

O uso de redes de neblina instaladas no sub-bosque, em possíveis rotas de vôo, é possivelmente o método comumente mais utilizado em estudos com morcegos. No entanto, este método é parcialmente seletivo, capturando principalmente, morcegos frugívoros que forrageiam no subosque. O presente manuscrito teve como objetivo, apresentar um método para elevação de redes de neblina em dosséis. Os dados obtidos em campo demonstram que, de forma geral, a elevação de redes pelo método descrito é eficiente para a amostragem de morcegos no subdossel e dossel de regiões de Mata Atlântica. Tanto Phyllostomidae quanto Vespertilionidae apresentaram aumento considerável na riqueza com a amostragem dos estratos superiores.

RESUMO

Migration is defined as a seasonal and cyclic population movement observed in all animal classes and studied mainly in vertebrates. A considerable part of the knowledge on migration comes from birds, for which migration is an important aspect of their biology. In the case of bats, females usually migrate larger distances than males in some species. The present study analyzes the seasonal occurrence of Pygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843) at different elevations, in order to test for a pattern that evidences migration, using data from the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 529 specimens of P. bilabiatum were captured. Pygoderma bilabiatum seems to be more frequent at intermediate and high elevations (over 80% of all captures were made above 250 m a.s.l.) and at latitudes above 22°S, where rainfall is high (over 1,500 mm) and temperatures are mild (16-23°C). Sex ratio varied with elevation; it was skewed towards males at lower elevations (N = 9, r² = 0.60, F = 12.311, p = 0.008, Sex ratio = 0.0004*elevation + 0.976), though females predominated at all altitudinal bands and in all states analyzed.

RESUMO

Migration is defined as a seasonal and cyclic population movement observed in all animal classes and studied mainly in vertebrates. A considerable part of the knowledge on migration comes from birds, for which migration is an important aspect of their biology. In the case of bats, females usually migrate larger distances than males in some species. The present study analyzes the seasonal occurrence of Pygoderma bilabiatum (Wagner, 1843) at different elevations, in order to test for a pattern that evidences migration, using data from the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A total of 529 specimens of P. bilabiatum were captured. Pygoderma bilabiatum seems to be more frequent at intermediate and high elevations (over 80% of all captures were made above 250 m a.s.l.) and at latitudes above 22°S, where rainfall is high (over 1,500 mm) and temperatures are mild (16-23°C). Sex ratio varied with elevation; it was skewed towards males at lower elevations (N = 9, r² = 0.60, F = 12.311, p = 0.008, Sex ratio = 0.0004*elevation + 0.976), though females predominated at all altitudinal bands and in all states analyzed.

RESUMO

Sturnira lilium was colected from December 2006 to May 2009, in remainder of restinga vegetation in Santa Catarina state. In three opportunities we observed the presence of seeds of Billbergia zebrina in feces of S. lilium. The fruits of Bromeliaceae are rare as part of the diet of bats in the Neotropical area. This is the first record of B. zebrine in the diet of S. lilium.

Durante as amostragens de morcegos que ocorreram de dezembro de 2006 a maio de 2009, em remanescente de vegetação de restinga sul de Santa Catarina, em três oportunidades foi observada a presença de sementes de Billbergia zebrina em fezes de indivíduos de Sturnira lilium. O registro de utilização de frutos de bromeliáceas como parte da dieta de morcegos frugívoros na região Neotropical é raro. Este é o primeiro registro de consumo de frutos B. zebrina por S. lilium.

RESUMO

Sturnira lilium was colected from December 2006 to May 2009, in remainder of restinga vegetation in Santa Catarina state. In three opportunities we observed the presence of seeds of Billbergia zebrina in feces of S. lilium. The fruits of Bromeliaceae are rare as part of the diet of bats in the Neotropical area. This is the first record of B. zebrine in the diet of S. lilium.

Durante as amostragens de morcegos que ocorreram de dezembro de 2006 a maio de 2009, em remanescente de vegetação de restinga sul de Santa Catarina, em três oportunidades foi observada a presença de sementes de Billbergia zebrina em fezes de indivíduos de Sturnira lilium. O registro de utilização de frutos de bromeliáceas como parte da dieta de morcegos frugívoros na região Neotropical é raro. Este é o primeiro registro de consumo de frutos B. zebrina por S. lilium.

RESUMO

The aim of this paper is to present the material assigned to Chiroptera from Ceará (Brazil) in the scientific collection of the Museu de Ciências Naturais (Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul - MCN/FZB). From the total of 112 specimens, 19 species representing 6 families of bats could be identified, namely Rhynchonycteris naso (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (Emballonuridae); Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 and N. leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Noctilionidae); Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823), Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767), P. discolor Wagner, 1843, Tonatia bidens (Spix, 1823), Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766), Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), Artibeus planirostris Spix, 1823, Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810), Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) and Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810) (Phyllosotomidae); Furipterus horrens Cuvier, 1828 (Furipteridae); Myotys nigricans (Schinz, 1821), Eptesicus furinalis (d´Orbigny, 1847) (Vespertilionidae); Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1766) and Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1866) (Molossidae). These taxa were previously reported for the regions, with exception of Cynomops planirostris, a new register for the State.

As coleções científicas do Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul contém 112 exemplares de quirópteros oriundos do Estado do Ceará. As espécies e respectivas famílias representadas são: Rhynchonycteris naso (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (Emballonuridae); Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 e N. leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Noctilionidae); Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823), Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767), P. discolor Wagner, 1843, Tonatia bidens (Spix, 1823), Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766), Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), Artibeus planirostris Spix, 1823, Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810), Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) e Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810) (Phyllosotomidae); Furipterus horrens Cuvier, 1828 (Furipteridae); Myotys nigricans (Schinz, 1821), Eptesicus furinalis (d´Orbigny, 1847) (Vespertilionidae); Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1766) e Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1866) (Molossidae). Cynomops planirostris é novo registro para o Estado.

RESUMO

The aim of this paper is to present the material assigned to Chiroptera from Ceará (Brazil) in the scientific collection of the Museu de Ciências Naturais (Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul - MCN/FZB). From the total of 112 specimens, 19 species representing 6 families of bats could be identified, namely Rhynchonycteris naso (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (Emballonuridae); Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 and N. leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Noctilionidae); Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823), Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767), P. discolor Wagner, 1843, Tonatia bidens (Spix, 1823), Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766), Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), Artibeus planirostris Spix, 1823, Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810), Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) and Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810) (Phyllosotomidae); Furipterus horrens Cuvier, 1828 (Furipteridae); Myotys nigricans (Schinz, 1821), Eptesicus furinalis (d´Orbigny, 1847) (Vespertilionidae); Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1766) and Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1866) (Molossidae). These taxa were previously reported for the regions, with exception of Cynomops planirostris, a new register for the State.

As coleções científicas do Museu de Ciências Naturais da Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul contém 112 exemplares de quirópteros oriundos do Estado do Ceará. As espécies e respectivas famílias representadas são: Rhynchonycteris naso (Wied-Neuwied, 1820) (Emballonuridae); Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818 e N. leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Noctilionidae); Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823), Phyllostomus hastatus (Pallas, 1767), P. discolor Wagner, 1843, Tonatia bidens (Spix, 1823), Anoura geoffroyi Gray, 1838, Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766), Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758), Artibeus planirostris Spix, 1823, Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810), Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810) e Desmodus rotundus (Geoffroy, 1810) (Phyllosotomidae); Furipterus horrens Cuvier, 1828 (Furipteridae); Myotys nigricans (Schinz, 1821), Eptesicus furinalis (d´Orbigny, 1847) (Vespertilionidae); Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1766) e Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1866) (Molossidae). Cynomops planirostris é novo registro para o Estado.

RESUMO

El Estado de Rio Grande do sul es el límite sur de la distribución de las selvas pluviales y subtropicales del continente sudamericano (Rambo 1980). Estas formaciones vegetales se distribuían en el pasado por el norte de la "Planície Costeira", "Depressão Central", laderas de la Serra Geral, en la región al este del "Planalto Sul-Rio-Grandense" y en el extremo norte del Estado (RADAM-BRASIL 1986). Se cree que las selvas ocupaban cerca del 39,7% de todo el Estado. Este porcentage actualmente astá reducido a 2,33% (SOS MATA ATLÂNTICA 1993), los cuales en parte siguen siendo alterados por el hombre.

RESUMO

El Estado de Rio Grande do sul es el límite sur de la distribución de las selvas pluviales y subtropicales del continente sudamericano (Rambo 1980). Estas formaciones vegetales se distribuían en el pasado por el norte de la "Planície Costeira", "Depressão Central", laderas de la Serra Geral, en la región al este del "Planalto Sul-Rio-Grandense" y en el extremo norte del Estado (RADAM-BRASIL 1986). Se cree que las selvas ocupaban cerca del 39,7% de todo el Estado. Este porcentage actualmente astá reducido a 2,33% (SOS MATA ATLÂNTICA 1993), los cuales en parte siguen siendo alterados por el hombre.