RESUMO
Guinea fowls, Numida meleagris (L., 1758), are galliform birds native to sub-Saharan Africa, but introduced in several countries around the world for domestic breeding and/or animal production. This species is considered more resistant to disease by Eimeria spp. than other domestic galliform birds. Here we review the Eimeria spp. known to infect species of Numididae and provide the first molecular identification of an Eimeria sp. from Guinea fowls. There are currently 3 named eimerians from Guinea fowls; Eimeria numidae Pellerdy, 1962; Eimeria grenieri Yvoré and Aycardi, 1967; and Eimeria gorakhpuri Bhatia & Pande, 1967. We reviewed each of these species descriptions and documented their taxonomic shortcomings. From that, we suggest that E. gorakhpuri is a junior synonym of E. numidae. In conclusion, we have morphologically redescribed in detail E. grenieri from N. meleagris from Rio de Janeiro and provided molecular supplementation through sequencing of three non-overlapping loci in cox1 and cox3 genes and fragments of small and large subunit mitochondrial rDNA.
Assuntos
Coccidiose , Eimeria , Galliformes , Filogenia , Animais , Eimeria/classificação , Eimeria/genética , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Galliformes/parasitologia , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Brasil , DNA de Protozoário/análiseRESUMO
Didelphis aurita Wied-Neuwied, 1826 is a marsupial well adapted to anthropogenic activity and commonly found in urban areas of Brazil. Among the gastrointestinal parasites found in this opossum, protozoa of the genus Eimeria are frequently detected. This study investigated the biodiversity of Eimeria species infecting D. aurita in Southeastern Brazil, and provides morphological data on a newly discovered species of Eimeria. From January to June 2019, 43 D. aurita were captured, and their fecal samples were collected and evaluated by salt flotation; positive samples were allowed to sporulate in 2.5% potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), and detailed morphological measurements were performed to determine the species present. Thirty-two of forty-three (74.4%) opossums were infected with from one to five Eimeria spp. Four of the eimerians were described and named previously by others: Eimeria auritanensis, Eimeria caluromydis, Eimeria gambai, and Eimeria philanderi. Additionally, sporulated oocysts of a species new to science were detected. Oocysts of this new Eimeria species are spheroidal to subspheroidal, 21.7 × 20.7 (20-23 × 19-23), length/width (L/W) ratio 1.05, with a highly refractile polar granule, but lacking a micropyle and oocyst residuum. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 10.6 × 8.0 (9-12 × 7-9), L/W ratio 1.3, with a small, Stieda body and a sporocyst residuum of diffuse granules. Of the infected opossums, 5/32 (16%) were infected with only one Eimeria sp., 6/32 (19%) with two, 15/32 (47%) with three, 5/32 (16%) with four and 1/32 (3%) with five Eimerians.
Assuntos
Didelphis , Eimeria , Marsupiais , Animais , Fezes , OocistosRESUMO
Isospora phainopepla n. sp. is described from the faeces of Phainopepla nitens (Swainson) collected in Joshua Tree National Park, California, USA. To our knowledge, there are no metazoan or protist parasites described yet from any species in the Ptiliogonatidae of the Americas. Sporulated oöcysts of the isosporan are ellipsoidal, 30-35 × 22-29 (32.9 × 25.4) µm, with a length/width (L/W) ratio 1.20-1.35 (1.30); one rice-shaped polar granule is present, but both oöcyst residuum and micropyle are absent. Sporocyts are elongate-ellipsoidal, 22-27 × 11-14 (23.9 × 12.0) µm, with L/W ratio 1.97-2.02 (2.00); prominent Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies are both present, but para-Stieda body is absent. Sporocyst residuum of many scattered granules is present and the sporozoites have prominent anterior and posterior refractile bodies. This parasite is clearly new to science and represents the first species of Isospora hosted by a New World bird species from this small family of silky flycatchers (Ptiliogonatidae). This article was registered in the Official Register of Zoological Nomenclature (ZooBank) as 7F664B0D-DF0E-4CAD-8CEA-45D79C8BBF92. This article was published as an Online First article on the online publication date shown on this page. The article should be cited by using the doi number. This is the Version of Record.
Assuntos
Isospora/classificação , Parques Recreativos , Passeriformes/parasitologia , Animais , California , Isospora/citologia , Oocistos/citologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Estados UnidosRESUMO
The endogenous life cycle of Eimeria caliginosa was studied in experimentally infected dusky rice rats, Melanomys caliginosus. All endogenous stages were located in the epithelial cells of villi in the small intestine. Both Giemsa-stained mucosal scrapings and histological sections were studied for the diagnosis of all the life-cycle stages. Eimeria caliginosa has 3 generations of meronts (M) that differ by size, shape, and number of merozoites (m), which also differ in their size, shape, and location of their nuclei within the cytoplasm of the meronts. The 3 meront types, M1-M3, respectively, had 20-33 (m1), 5-9 (m2), and 13-16 (m3) merozoites. Macrogametocytes and microgametocytes, as well as macrogametes and microgametes, completed the sexual cycle, which concludes with the formation of unsporulated oocysts. This parasite's endogenous development produced severe intestinal lesions in the experimentally infected dusky rice rats. In our ongoing work to understand the biodiversity present in plants and animals of the protected Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes (ReBAMB) field station in Costa Rica, we now have discovered 3 new Eimeria species, and this is the second complete life cycle in which we document both the asexual and sexual stages.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Sigmodontinae/parasitologia , Animais , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Enteropatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Mucosa Intestinal/parasitologia , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Endogenous stages of the life cycle of Eimeria melanomytis, infecting the peripheral epithelial cells of villi of the small intestine of experimentally infected young dusky rice rats, Melanomys caliginosus , were studied. Giemsa-stained mucosal scrapings and histological sections were examined for all the stages. Eimeria melanomytis has 3 generations of meronts (M), different in size, shape, and number of merozoites (m); and in size, shape, and location of the nuclei within the cytoplasm of the meronts. The 3 meront types, M1-M3, respectively, had 11-14 (m1), 7-10 (m2), and 20-30 (m3) merozoites. Macrogametocytes and microgametocytes, as well as macrogametes and microgametes, complete the sexual cycle forming the unsporulated oocysts. This parasite's endogenous development produced severe intestinal lesions in experimentally infected dusky rice rats.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Sigmodontinae/parasitologia , Animais , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Costa Rica , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Eimeria/fisiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Intestino Delgado/parasitologia , Intestino Delgado/ultraestrutura , Merozoítos , Microvilosidades/parasitologia , Oocistos , Esporos de Protozoários , TrofozoítosRESUMO
The endogenous life cycle of Eimeria marmosopos was studied in experimentally infected young opossums, Didelphis marsupialis . All the endogenous stages were located in the epithelial cells of villi in the small intestine. Giemsa-stained mucosal scrapings and histological sections were studied for the diagnosis of all the life cycle stages. Eimeria marmosopos has 3 generations of meronts (M) that differ by size, shape, and number of merozoites (m), which also differ in their size, shape, and location of their nuclei within the cytoplasm of the meronts. The 3 meront types, M(1)-M(3), respectively, had 8-15 (m(1)), 4-9 (m(2)), and 22-30 (m(3)) merozoites. Macrogametocytes and microgametocytes, as well as macrogametes and microgametes, completed the sexual cycle, finishing with the formation of unsporulated oocysts. This parasite's endogenous development produced severe intestinal lesions in experimentally infected opossums. There are 56 Eimeria species known from all marsupials worldwide, but this is the first complete life cycle in which both the asexual and sexual stages have been documented.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Didelphis/parasitologia , Eimeria/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Estágios do Ciclo de Vida , Animais , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Costa Rica , Eimeria/fisiologia , Fezes/parasitologia , Intestinos/parasitologia , Esporos de ProtozoáriosRESUMO
We collected faecal samples from 24 dusky rice rats, Melanomys caliginosus (Tomes) (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae), in a Biological Reserve in Costa Rica, and found three (12.5%) to be infected with a species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875, which we describe here as new. Sporulated oöcysts of Eimeria caliginosa n. sp. are almost spheroidal and measure 16-21 × 17-20 (mean 19.6 × 18.2) µm; micropyle, oöcyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are ovoidal, 9-13 × 6-8 (mean 11.2 × 6.7) µm, with small Stieda and sub-Stieda bodies present, but a para-Stieda body is absent; the sporocyst residuum is a compact mass of c.11-15 granules, c.5 µm wide. Sporozoites are crescent-shaped, 5-8 × 2-3 (mean 6.8 × 2.4) µm. This is the third species of Eimeria described from the genus Melanomys Thomas.
Assuntos
Eimeria/classificação , Eimeria/citologia , Sigmodontinae/parasitologia , Animais , Costa Rica , Fezes/parasitologia , Oocistos/citologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Esporozoítos/citologiaRESUMO
We collected fecal samples from 9 dusky rice rats, Melanomys caliginosus (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae), in a Biological Reserve in Costa Rica and found 8 (89%) to be infected with 2 Eimeria species which we describe here as new. Sporulated oocysts (n = 20) of the first, Eimeria melanomytis n. sp., are cylindroidal and measure 20.1 × 13.3 µm (18-23 × 13-15); micropyle and oocyst residuum are both absent, but a bilobular polar granule is present. Its sporocysts are ovoidal, 10.5 × 7.4 µm (10-13 × 6-8) with a small Stieda body, but both substieda and parastieda bodies are absent; a spheroidal sporocyst residuum is present, ≈ 5 µm wide. Sporulated oocysts (n = 20) of the second, Eimeria rebambensis n. sp., are subspheroidal, 21.2 × 17.0 µm (19-23 × 14-18); micropyle and oocyst residuum are both absent, but with a polar granule ≈ 2 µm wide. Sporocysts are elongate-ovoidal, 12.4 × 7.0 µm (11-14 × 6-9) with a distinct knob-like Stieda body, and a substieda body directly beneath it which is about twice as wide, but no parastieda body is present; the sporocyst residuum is an irregular mass composed of 8-10 globules scattered among the sporozoites, which are ≈ 10 × 5 µm, and have 1 refractile body at their wider end and a central nucleus. These are the first eimerians described from this rodent genus.
Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/classificação , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Sigmodontinae/parasitologia , Animais , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Costa Rica/epidemiologia , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Eimeria/ultraestrutura , Prevalência , Doenças dos Roedores/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Eimeria species are frequently found in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Brazil. Here, we report those Eimeria spp. that infect buffalos during their first year of life. Fresh fecal samples were examined from 2 groups (1 group/yr for 2 yr, 2000-2002), each with 18 water buffalo calves (both sexes), from birth through 12 mo of age, in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. Five oocyst morphotypes were observed, i.e., Eimeria ellipsoidalis and Eimeria zuernii, both previously described from water buffalo, and 3 other morphotypes consistent with descriptions of known Eimeria spp. from Artiodactyla hosts, but originally described from other genera than those in which we found them (referred to here as Eimeria species 1-3). Our results showed that buffalo calves started shedding oocysts in their feces between 6-29 days of age, with the highest concentration ranging from 188-292 oocysts/g of feces. The 3 unnamed oocyst morphotypes in the calf feces resembled E. auburnensis (Eimeria sp. 3), E. cylindrica (Eimeria sp. 1), and E. subspherica (Eimeria sp. 2). The most prevalent species were Eimeria sp. 1 and E. ellipsoidalis, which dominated in the youngest animals (6 to 133 days old). Eimeria zuernii oocysts, in contrast, were found only in low numbers in the feces of older calves (208 to 283 days old). Calves were infected more frequently during the rainy season (September to January) in both years, but cows were negative for Eimeria spp., whenever feces were collected (spring, winter, autumn, or summer seasons).
Assuntos
Búfalos/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Eimeria/isolamento & purificação , Fatores Etários , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Eimeria/classificação , Fezes/parasitologia , Feminino , Masculino , Prevalência , Chuva , Estações do AnoRESUMO
A description is presented of a new species of Subulura Molin, 1860, Subulura novomexicanus, collected from the spotted ground squirrel, Spermophilus spilosoma Bennett, 1833, in New Mexico. The males are 24 to 29 mm long, precloacal sucker 1.7-2.0 mm from posterior end, spicules subequal 0.83-1.0 long, and gubernaculum Y-shaped 0.21-0.39 mm long. Females are 34-39 mm long, vulva near middle of body 14.06-22.00 mm from anterior end, and eggs 0.04-0.05 mm long by 0.03-0.04 mm wide. The new species is distinguished from Subulura ungulatus Erickson, 1938 in being longer and having spicules that are distinctively different in size and form. It also differs from Subulura nevadense Babero, 1973 in being longer and having a larger egg size and smaller spicules. The new species is most similar to Subulura andersoni (Cobbold, 1876) (Thwaite, 1927); however, the males of this species are smaller and they have broad cervical alae, and the adults occur in squirrels of India. Reexamination of S. ungulatus showed 11 pairs of caudal papillae, including 4 pairs of preanals, 1 pair adanal and lateral, and 6 pairs of postanal papillae located at the end of the tail. Spermophilus richardsoni (Sabine, 1822) is a new host record for S. nevadense, and Montana is a new distributional record for this nematode. Eimeria callospermophili Henry, 1932, is a new record for S. spilosoma.
Assuntos
Nematoides/classificação , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Sciuridae/parasitologia , Animais , Feminino , Masculino , Nematoides/anatomia & histologia , Infecções por Nematoides/parasitologia , New Mexico , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Fresh fecal samples from 12 shrews, 10 Cryptotis goodwini Jackson, 1933, and 2 Cryptotis merriami Thomas, 1898, were collected between December 1994 and May 1998; 11 (92%) were positive for eimeriid coccidia, including 8 of 8 C. goodwini and 2 of 2 C. merriami from Honduras and 1 of 2 C. goodwini from Guatemala. Two Eimeria species were found: 1 is consistent with the description of Eimeria whitakeri Upton and McAllister, 1991, and 1 is described in this study as new. Sporulated oocysts of the new species are subspheroidal, 16.8 x 15.7 (14-20 x 15-19) microm, with a length-width (L/W) ratio of 1.1 (1.0-1.2); they lack a micropyle and oocyst residuum, but 1-2 polar granules are always present. Sporocysts are elongate and ovoidal, 8.4 x 6.0 (6-10 x 4.5-7.5) microm, with a L/W ratio of 1.4 (1.2-1.7) and have a Stieda body and sporocyst residuum. This is the 49th Eimeria species described from all Insectivora but only the third from Cryptotis species.