RESUMO
Biobeds are presented as an alternative for good pesticide wastewater management on farms. This work proposes a new test for in-situ biomonitoring of pesticide detoxification in biobeds. It is based on the assessment of visually appreciable injuries to Eisenia fetida. The severity of the injury to each exposed individual is assessed from the morphological changes observed in comparison with the patterns established in seven categories and, an injury index is calculated. A linear relationship between the proposed injury index and the pesticide concentration was determined for each pesticide sprayed individually in the biomixture. The five pesticides used were atrazine, prometryn, clethodim, haloxyfop-P-methyl and dicamba. In addition, a multiple linear regression model (i.e., a multivariate response surface) was fitted, which showed a good generalization capacity. The sensitivity range of the injury test was tested from 0.01 to 630 mg kg-1 as the total pesticide concentration. This index is then used to monitor the detoxification of these pesticides in a biomixture (composed of wheat stubble, river waste, and soil, 50:25:25% by volume) over 210 days. The results are compared with standardized tests (Eisenia fetida avoidance test and Lactuca sativa seed germination test) carried out on the same biomixture. The results are also compared with data on the removal of pesticides. The injury test showed a better correlation with the removal of pesticides than the avoidance test and seed germination test. This simple and inexpensive test has proved to be useful for decontamination in-situ monitoring in biobeds.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Biológico , Oligoquetos , Praguicidas , Praguicidas/análise , Praguicidas/metabolismo , Oligoquetos/metabolismo , Monitoramento Biológico/métodos , Animais , Atrazina/toxicidade , Atrazina/análise , Poluentes do Solo/análise , Poluentes do Solo/toxicidade , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Águas Residuárias/química , Prometrina/toxicidade , DicambaRESUMO
Background: Tracheotomy is a common technique; however, microbiological contamination of the surgical site can increase morbimortality. Up to 90% of patients present a positive culture of the airway. Among the most important related factors is the lack of tracheal cannula replacement and lower airway infections. It is convenient to identify microbiological contamination of surgical site in tracheal secretions samples and the specific microorganism associated. Objective: To determine the factors related to microbiological contamination of surgical site. Material and methods: A prospective cohort study which included patients undergoing tracheotomy was carried out. Tracheal secretion was sampled by direct swabbing for culture during surgery and from the surgical site 5 days after. Results: The initial report showed contamination of samples in 58.3%, and 5 days after in 80.6%, with an incidence of contamination of 22.3%. Initially the main agents identified were Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 13.9% of the cultures, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 11.1% and Enterobacter spp. in 11%. On day 5, the most common agents were Klebsiella pneumoniae in 25% of the cases, Acinetobacter baumannii in 11.1% and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 11.1. Conclusions: The frequency of microbiological contamination is high. The main agents were Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No risk factors for the presence of post-tracheotomy contamination were identified.
Introducción: la traqueotomía es un procedimiento común; sin embargo, la contaminación microbiológica del sitio quirúrgico puede aumentar la morbimortalidad. Hasta el 90% de los pacientes presentan un cultivo positivo de la vía respiratoria. Como factores relacionados, resaltan la falta de recambio de cánulas traqueales y las infecciones de vías aéreas bajas. Es conveniente identificar la contaminación microbiológica de secreción traqueal del sitio quirúrgico y el microorganismo asociado. Objetivo: determinar los factores relacionados con la contaminación microbiológica del sitio quirúrgico. Material y métodos: se hizo un estudio de cohorte prospectiva que incluyó a pacientes sometidos a traqueotomía. Se tomó cultivo por hisopado directo de secreción traqueal durante la cirugía y del sitio quirúrgico 5 días después. Resultados: la muestra inicial mostró contaminación en 58.3% de los pacientes y a los 5 días postquirúrgicos en 80.6%, con incidencia de contaminación de 22.3%. Inicialmente se aisló Pseudomonas aeruginosa en 13.9% de los casos, Klebsiella pneumoniae en 11.1% y Enterobacter spp. en 11%. Al quinto día se aisló Klebsiella pneumoniae en 25% de los casos, Acinetobacter baumannii en 11.1% y Pseudomonas aeruginosa en 11.1%. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de contaminación microbiológica es alta y se encontraron principalmente Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No se identificaron factores de riesgo para la contaminación postquirúrgica.
Assuntos
Staphylococcus aureus , Traqueotomia , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Antibacterianos , Pseudomonas aeruginosaRESUMO
Gurltia paralysans is a metastrongyloid nematode which belongs to the Angiostrongylidae family and presents tropism for veins of the subarachnoid space in vivo of domestic and wild felids causing a progressive and chronic clinical manifestation of paraparesis/paraplegia. The geographic distribution of G. paralysans includes rural and periurban areas of South America and was recently reported in Europe. To date, a definitive diagnosis of feline gurltiosis is still conducted by post-mortem examination of the spinal cord in affected animals. A presumptive diagnosis of feline gurltiosis can also be achieved based on data of compatible clinical signs and associated epidemiological risk factors. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the commercial serological test Angio Detect TM® (IDEXX Laboratories) as a possible diagnostic method of feline gurltiosis in vivo. For the study, 10 domestic felines (Felis catus) which originated from a high endemic area of Southern Chile, were analyzed. All felines presented chronic paraparesis or severe paraplegia. Subsequently, commercial Angio Detect TM® serological tests for the detection of closely related Angiostrongylus vasorum in canids were performed according to manufacturer's instructions. Conducted serological tests were positive in seven of ten felines showing paraplegia/paraparesis and presumably infected with G. paralysans, and four of them were additionally necropsied, and presented macroscopic findings compatible with feline gurltiosis. Furthermore, the presence of adult female and male G. paralysans specimens at the level of the subarachnoid vasculature in affected spinal cord segments were observed during necropsy. Histopathology demonstrated severe eosinophilic meningomyelitis, coagulopathies with thrombosis in G. paralysans-parasitized leptomeningeal veins. Results of this preliminary study suggest a cross-reaction between A. vasorum-specific antigens, which also parasitize blood vessels in vivo, and G. paralysans when using an Angio Detect TM® test, which suggests its helpful use as a new diagnostic method for feline gurltiosis in live domestic felines. Additional specific antigen research will be required in order to better understand the sensitivity and specificity of A. vasorum antigens used in this test and for existing cross-reactivity with G. paralysans-derived antigens for future a suitable intra vitam immunodiagnosis of neglected feline gurltiosis.
RESUMO
Introducción. El trauma vascular es un evento de baja frecuencia, con alta carga de morbilidad y mortalidad, que afecta mayormente a hombres jóvenes y en muchas ocasiones requiere manejo quirúrgico. Se asocia con múltiples complicaciones, que van desde la reintervención quirúrgica, hasta la amputación de la extremidad, las cuales, a su vez, se ven influenciadas por variables relacionadas tanto con el trauma como con la atención hospitalaria. Objetivo. Caracterizar los pacientes mayores de 13 años con traumatismos arteriales periféricos en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo, de Neiva, Huila, Colombia, en el periodo enero de 2014 a diciembre de 2016. Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de tipo descriptivo, con población a conveniencia de pacientes mayores de 13 años que sufrieron traumatismos arteriales periféricos y fueron llevados a procedimiento quirúrgico en el Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo. Resultados. Se encontraron 54 pacientes con trauma arterial periférico, cifra que representa el 1,5 % de los ingresos por trauma en la Institución durante el período de estudio. El género más representativo fue el masculino (n=49), las heridas por arma cortopunzante el principal mecanismo de trauma (n=22) y las extremidades el área comúnmente afectada (n=47). Se halló un puntaje de gravedad de la lesión promedio al ingreso de 26 puntos, y un tiempo de isquemia de extremidad mayor a seis horas al momento del ingreso en el 31,5 % de los casos (n=17). Conclusiones. Las intervenciones quirúrgicas fueron hechas en mayor medida por cirugía de trauma, seguido de cirugía vascular. El principal manejo fue la anastomosis término-terminal y el injerto de safena invertida. Las complicaciones fueron en mayor medida la trombosis arterial (n=12), seguida de la amputación de extremidad (n=7)
Introduction. Vascular trauma is a low frequency event, with a high burden of morbidity and mortality that mostly affects young men. It often requires surgical management, which is associated with multiple complications ranging from reoperation to limb amputation; that in turn, are influenced by variables associated with both trauma and hospital care. Objective. To characterize the patients over 13 years of age with peripheral arterial trauma admitted to the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital, Neiva, Colombia, from January 2014 to December 2016. Methods. Retrospective observational study of descriptive type with population of patients older than 13 years with peripheral arterial trauma who had a surgical procedure at the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital. Results. This study showed that the 54 patients with peripheral arterial trauma represented 1.5% of the total trauma admissions at the Institution during the study period. The most representative gender was male (n = 49), short stab wounds were the main mechanism of trauma (n = 22), and the extremities were the most commonly affected area (n = 47). An average ISS (Injury Severity Score) and a limb ischemia time of more than 6 hours in 31.48% (n = 17) of the patients were recorded at entry. Conclusions. Surgical interventions were undertaken by trauma surgery followed by vascular surgery. The main postoperative complications were arterial thrombosis (n=12) followed by limb amputation (n=7)