RESUMO
Objetivo: este trabajo busca caracterizar el comportamiento relacionado con el suicidio en la población admitida al Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Rionegro, con sobredosis de acetaminofén entre enero 2019 y diciembre 2020 y detectar factores asociados con la dosis tóxica. Metodología: análisis descriptivo con información obtenida de historias clínicas. Resultados: 63 individuos presentaron ingestión aguda de dosis tóxica de acetaminofén como comportamiento relacionado con suicidio. Cuarenta y tres eran mujeres, 60% tenía antecedente de enfermedad psiquiátrica, 35% reportó al menos un intento suicida previo y 22% consumieron 25g o más. La lesión hepática aguda se asoció con una dosis tóxica. Conclusiones: evidenciamos una alta prevalencia de antecedente de enfermedad psiquiátrica y comportamiento relacionado con suicidio y casi un tercio de los pacientes ingirió dosis mayores al umbral de riesgo para falla hepática. Además, la impulsividad e ingesta en casa sugiere que políticas públicas restrictivas pueden no impactar en la reducción de estos eventos en la población.
Objective: this work seeks to characterize the behavior related to suicide in the population admitted to the Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Rionegro, with an overdose of acetaminophen between January 2019 and December 2020, and to identify factors associated with the toxic dose. Methodology: descriptive analysis with information obtained from medical records. Results: 63 individuals presented acute ingestion of a toxic dose of acetaminophen as behavior related to suicide. Forty-three were women, 60% had a history of psychiatric illness, 35% reported at least one previous suicide attempt, and 22% consumed 25g or more. Acute liver injury was associated with a toxic dose. Conclusions: we evidenced a high prevalence of a history of psychiatric illness and behavior related to suicide; almost a third of the patients ingested doses greater than the risk threshold for liver failure. In addition, impulsiveness and eating at home suggests that restrictive public policies may not have an impact on reducing these events in the population.
Objetivo: Este trabalho busca caracterizar o comportamento relacionado ao suicídio na população internada no Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Rionegro, com overdose de acetaminofeno entre janeiro de 2019 e dezembro de 2020 e detectar fatores associados à dose tóxica. Metodologia: análise descritiva com informações obtidas dos prontuários. Resultados: 63 indivíduos apresentaram ingestão aguda de dose tóxica de paracetamol como comportamento relacionado ao suicídio. Quarenta e três eram mulheres, 60% tinham histórico de doença psiquiátrica, 35% relataram pelo menos uma tentativa de suicídio anterior e 22% consumiram 25g ou mais. A lesão hepática aguda foi associada a uma dose tóxica. Conclusões: evidenciamos alta prevalência de história de doença psiquiátrica e com-portamento relacionado ao suicídio e quase um terço dos pacientes ingeriu doses superiores ao limiar de risco para insuficiência hepática. Além disso, a impulsividade e a alimentação em casa sugerem que políticas públicas restritivas podem não ter impacto na redução desses eventos na população.
Assuntos
Humanos , Acetaminofen , Suicídio , Tentativa de Suicídio , Falência Hepática , Transtornos MentaisRESUMO
PURPOSE: Acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors are rare diseases that, under certain conditions, can be treated with somatostatin analogs. The aim was to determine the prescription patterns of somatostatin analogs in a group of patients with acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors affiliated with the Colombian Health System. METHODS: A retrospective study. A cohort of patients from a drug dispensing database that collected all prescriptions of long-acting somatostatin analogs (octreotide, lanreotide, pasireotide). Sociodemographic variables, clinical variables (diagnosis and comorbidities) and pharmacological therapy variables (dose, changes, persistence of use, comedications) were considered. RESULTS: A total of 213 patients were identified, including 139 (65.3%) with acromegaly and 74 (34.7%) with neuroendocrine tumors. There was a predominance of women (58.7%) and a mean age of 59.7 ± 14.5 years. The most commonly used medications were lanreotide autogel (n = 107; 50.2%), octreotide LAR (n = 102; 47.9%) and pasireotide LAR (n = 4; 1.9%). During follow-up, 11.3% of patients experienced modifications of therapy, with a mean duration from the beginning of treatment to the change in medication of 25 ± 15.9 months. A total of 48.9% of the patients with acromegaly and 87.1% of individuals with neuroendocrine tumors received maximum approved doses of the drug. CONCLUSION: Patients with acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors in Colombia are mainly women and are most frequently treated with lanreotide autogel for acromegaly and with octreotide LAR for neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, a high proportion are managed with maximum doses of long-acting somatostatin analogs.
Assuntos
Acromegalia , Tumores Neuroendócrinos , Peptídeos Cíclicos , Somatostatina , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acromegalia/tratamento farmacológico , Acromegalia/induzido quimicamente , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/tratamento farmacológico , Octreotida/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos Cíclicos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Somatostatina/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
Objetivo: este estudio busca describir los individuos evaluados por sobredosis de acetaminofén entre 2019 y 2020 en un centro de referencia de trasplante hepático en Colombia. Metodología: estudio derivado del análisis secundario de historias clínicas entre el 1.º de enero de 2019 y el 31 de diciembre de 2020. Los criterios de inclusión abarcan individuos con ingestión aguda y voluntaria de dosis tóxicas de acetaminofén (>4 g/día). Resultados: sesenta y tres casos, 68% mujeres, 67% menores de 18 años y 54% estudiantes. Reportó historia personal de enfermedad psiquiátrica el 60% y el 35% al menos un intento de suicidio previo. La mediana de dosis de acetaminofén fue 15g, 46% refirieron co-ingesta de otras sustancias y 13% estaba bajo efecto de sustancias psicoactivas. El 57% tenía la intención clara de suicidarse, así como 81% vomitó antes de acudir al servicio de urgencias, 22% recibió medidas de descontaminación y 10% no recibió N - acetilcisteína. Quince individuos desarrollaron lesión hepática aguda, nueve con criterios de severidad. Conclusiones: la población era predominantemente joven, la historia de enfermedad psiquiátrica fue muy prevalente y la mayoría refirieron un evento vital que explicara el comportamiento impulsivo de consumo. Ninguno desarrolló criterios para trasplante hepático, lo cual podría explicarse por la edad de los individuos, los episodios de vómito temprano, y la ausencia de enfermedad hepática crónica o de consumo de sustancias hepatotóxicas.
Objective: this study aims to describe patients with overdose intake of acetaminophen between 2019 and 2020 at a reference center for liver transplantation in Colombia. Methodology: study derived from a secondary analysis of the clinical records between January 1st, 2019, to December 31st, 2020. Inclusion criteria were individuals with voluntary acute ingestion of toxic doses of acetaminophen (>4 g/day). Results: sixty-three cases, 68% women, 67% <18-year-old, and 54% students. 60% had personal history of psychiatric illness and 35% reported at least one previous suicide attempt. The median dose of acetaminophen was 15g, 46% referred to co-ingestion with other substances and 13% were under the effect of any psychoactive substance. 57% had a clear intention of suicide. 81% vomited before the arrival to the emergency room, 22% received decontamination intervention with gastric lavage or activated charcoal, and 10% did not receive any dose of N-Acetylcysteine. Fifteen individuals developed an acute liver injury, nine with severity criteria. Conclusions: the population was predominantly young, the personal history of psychiatric disease was highly prevalent, and most of the cases referred a vital event that explains the impulsive behavior in acetaminophen consumption. None developed criteria for liver transplantation, and this could be explained by the young age of the individuals, the episodes of early vomiting, and the absence of chronic liver disease or hepatotoxic substance consumption.
Objetivo:este estudo busca descrever os indivíduos avaliados por sobredose de acetaminofen entre 2019 e 2020 num centro de referência de transplante hepático na Colômbia. Metodologia: estudo derivado da análise secundário de histórias clínicas entre o dia 1.º de janeiro de 2019 e 31 de dezembro de 2020. Os critérios de inclusão abrangem indivíduos com ingestão aguda e voluntária de dose tóxicas de acetaminofen (>4 g/dia).Resultados:sessenta e três casos, 68% mulheres, 67% menores de 18 anos e 54% estudantes. Reportou história pessoal de doença psiquiátrica, 60% e 35% pelo menos uma tentativa de suicídio prévio. A média de dose de acetaminofen foi de 15g, 46% referiram com ingestão de outras sustâncias e 13% estava sob efeito de sustâncias psicoativas. 57% tinham a intenção clara de suicidar-se, assim como 81% vomitou antes de acudir ao serviço de urgências, 22% receberam medidas de descontaminação e 10% não recebeu N - acetilcisteína. Quinze indivíduos desenvolveram lesão hepática aguda, nove com critérios de severidade. Conclusões: a população era predominantemente jovem, a história de doençapsiquiátrica foi muito prevalente e a maioria referiram um evento vital que explicasse o comportamento impulsivo de consumo. Nenhum desenvolveu critérios para transplantehepático, o qual se poderia explicar pela idade dos indivíduos, os episódios de vómito precoce, e a ausência de doença hepática crónica ou de consumo de sustâncias hepatotóxicas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Acetaminofen , Acetilcisteína , Tentativa de Suicídio , Vômito Precoce , Carvão Vegetal , Descontaminação , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Dosagem , Lavagem Gástrica , Hepatopatias , Transtornos MentaisRESUMO
RESUMEN Dentro de los agentes patógenos en los procesos otíticos bacterianos, se destacan microorganismos como Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabi-lis, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium spp., Enterococcus spp. y Streptococcus spp., para los cuales se ha descrito resistencia frente a los antibióticos empleados para combatirlos. En Colombia son pocos los reportes acerca de la resistencia antibiótica de microorganismos causantes de otitis. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los agentes bacterianos más frecuentemente aislados en infecciones otíticas de caninos remitidas a un laboratorio veterinario de Medellín durante el 2019 y su resistencia a antibióticos. Para llevarlo a cabo, se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal retrospectivo. Se analizaron los resultados de los antibiogramas realizados a partir de cultivos bacterianos en muestras óticas remitidas a un laboratorio de referencia de la ciudad de Medellín. Además, se efectuó un análisis de frecuencias para la muestra total. Se encontró que los principales microorganismos bacterianos aislados fueron Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabili y Staphylococcus aureus. La gentamicina fue el medicamento que mayor porcentaje de resistencia presentó y la cefalexina el que menos resistencia presentó. Se pudo concluir que el Staphylococcus pseudintermedius está presente en más del 60% de los casos de otitis bacteriana. Adicionalmente, se observó una variación de la resistencia presentada por los microorganismos en el tiempo. Estos presentaron mayor resistencia ante los antibióticos aminoglucósidos.
ABSTRACT Among the pathogens in bacterial otic processes, microorganisms such as Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Corynebac-terium spp., Enterococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp. stand out, for which resistance to antibiotics has been described employed to combat them. In Colombia there are few reports about the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms that cause otitis. For that reason, the purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial agents most frequently isolated from canine ear infections and their resistance to antibiotics from samples of ear secretions sent to a veterinary laboratory in Medellín during 2019. In order to do that, an cross-sectional, retrospective descriptive study was done. The results of the antibiograms performed from bacterial cultures obtained from ear samples sent to a reference laboratory in the city of Medellín were analyzed. A frequency analysis was carried out for the total sample. It was found that the main isolated bacterial microorganisms were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomona auriginosa, Proteus mirabili and Staphylococcus aureus. Gentamicin was the drug with the highest percentage of resistance and cephalexin the one with the least resistance. It was possible to conclude that Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is linked in more than 60% of cases of bacterial otitis and the resistance presented by microorganisms varies over time. The group of aminoglycosides antibiotics was the one which microorganisms are manifesting more percentage of resistance.
Assuntos
Bactérias , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Cães , Meato Acústico Externo , Infecção Persistente , Antibacterianos , Fatores R/farmacologia , Gentamicinas , Cefalexina , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a common adverse reaction in a variety of medications frequently used for a great number of cancer treatments. This condition consists of mainly sensory-type symptoms, motor components and autonomic changes. Reported prevalence ranges from 30-68%, after the completion of chemotherapy in non-Latin American people with different populations and socioeconomic levels. AIM: To determine the prevalence of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in a Colombian population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A real-world evidence cross-sectional retrospective study was performed in all patients from oncological clinical centers in Colombia, which received pharmacological therapy for any cancer between January 2015 and December 2016, with taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel), alkylators (oxaliplatin), proteasome inhibitors (bortezomib), and epothilone B analogs (ixabepilone). RESULTS: A total of 1,551 patients in four cities were included, and 11,280 doses were applied; predominantly females (n = 1,094; 70.5%), with a mean age of 57 ± 13 years old. Paclitaxel was the most commonly prescribed drug (n = 788; 50.8%). Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy was developed in 48.9% of paclitaxel, 58.5% of oxaliplatin, 50.5% of docetaxel, 43.7% of bortezomib and 95.2% of ixabepilone patients. Thirty-three patients were treated with two of these medications simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy is a frequent adverse reaction to daily cancer therapy in Colombian patients managed with taxanes, alkylators, proteasome inhibitors, and epothilone B analogs. Hence, it is necessary to establish more successful diagnostic methods and incorporate validated scales in the routine evaluation of all patients receiving these medications in our environment.
TITLE: Prevalencia de neuropatia periferica asociada a quimioterapia en cuatro centros oncologicos de Colombia.Introduccion. La neuropatia periferica inducida por quimioterapia es una reaccion comun a una variedad de medicamentos usados en el tratamiento del cancer, que consiste principalmente en sintomas sensitivos, con componentes motores y cambios autonomicos. La prevalencia es del 30-68% despues de terminar la quimioterapia en paises no latinoamericanos. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de la neuropatia periferica inducida por quimioterapia en la poblacion colombiana. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio retrospectivo con evidencia del mundo real en la totalidad de pacientes atendidos en cuatro centros oncologicos de Colombia, quienes recibieron terapia farmacologica para algun tipo de cancer entre enero de 2015 y diciembre de 2016 con taxanos (paclitaxel, docetaxel), agentes alquilantes (oxaliplatino), inhibidores de proteasoma (bortezomib) y analogos de epotilona B (ixabepilona). Resultados. Se siguio a un total de 1.551 pacientes en cuatro ciudades a quienes se les aplicaron 11.280 dosis, con predominio femenino (n = 1.094; 70,5%) y una edad media de 57 ± 13 años. El paclitaxel fue el farmaco mas prescrito (n = 788; 50,8%). La neuropatia inducida por quimioterapia se presento en el 48,9% de los pacientes con paclitaxel, el 58,5% de los pacientes con oxaliplatino, el 50,5% de los pacientes con docetaxel, el 43,7% de los pacientes con bortezomib y el 95,2% de los pacientes con ixabepilona. Se trato a 33 pacientes con dos de estos medicamentos simultaneamente. Conclusiones. La neuropatia periferica inducida por quimioterapia es una reaccion adversa frecuente en pacientes con cancer en Colombia tratados con taxanos, alquilantes, inhibidores de proteasoma e ixabepilona. Es necesario establecer metodos diagnosticos efectivos e incorporar escalas validadas en la evaluacion rutinaria de los pacientes que reciben estas medicaciones.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/induzido quimicamente , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Bortezomib/efeitos adversos , Institutos de Câncer/estatística & dados numéricos , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Epotilonas/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oxaliplatina/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/diagnóstico , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Periférico/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Inibidores de Proteases/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxoides/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary malignant liver tumor, with the Milan criteria considered to be the gold standard for patient selection for liver transplantation (LT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a descriptive observational study, reviewing 20 years of experience of LT in patients with HCC in the Fundacion Valle del Lilí in Cali, Colombia. Subgroup analysis was undertaken for periods 1999 to 2007 and 2008 to 2015. RESULTS: Fifty-seven cases with a pretransplant HCC diagnosis were reviewed. In the first period patients within the Milan criteria had a recurrence-free survival at 5 years of 66.6%, and in those who exceeded the Milan criteria, recurrence-free survival was 75%. In the second period, patients within the Milan criteria, recurrence-free survival at 5 years was 93.5%, and in those who exceeded the Milan criteria, recurrence-free survival was 75.7%. No statistically significant difference was found in either period. For patients with mild and moderate tumor differentiation, the relapse survival rate at 5 years was 69.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 35.8-87.8) and 74.7% (95% CI 44.5-90), respectively. All patients with poor tumor differentiation relapsed and died within 3 years. CONCLUSION: Global and recurrence-free survival among patients who met and patients who exceeded the Milan criteria was not significantly different, suggesting an expansion of the Milan criteria to include potential recipients who were previously excluded. Obtaining histologic differentiation and identifying vascular invasion will provide a more worthwhile contribution to LT decision making.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado/mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Seleção de PacientesRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus is a common disease among the general population and imposes considerable costs on health care systems. Insulin is used to treat type 1 diabetes mellitus and as an adjuvant to oral agents in advanced stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The objective was to describe the trends in use and cost of human and analogue insulins for Colombian patients. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive retrospective analysis of prescriptions of human and analogue insulins on a monthly basis for the period from July 1, 2011 to February 2, 2015. METHODS: Information was collected for the database population of two insurance companies. Frequencies and proportions were calculated; estimated economic impact was expressed as net cost and cost per thousand inhabitants per day. RESULTS: During the observation period, there was continuous growth in use of insulin, mainly in analogue forms (34.0% growth). At the start of the study, 10.4% of subjects were using an analogue insulin; this figure was 62.6% at the end of the study. In 2012, the average cost per 1000 inhabitants/day was US$1.7 for analogue and US$0.8 for human insulins. At the end of the observation period these costs had risen to US$9.2 for analogue (441.1% increase) and fallen to US$0.5 for human insulin (58.3% decrease). CONCLUSIONS: There has been an increase in the unit cost and frequency of use of insulin analogues for anti-diabetic therapy in Colombian patients. Moreover, there is controversy over whether insulin analogues are a more cost-effective treatment than human insulins for the general diabetic population.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Hipoglicemiantes/economia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia , Custos e Análise de Custo/estatística & dados numéricos , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Insulina/análogos & derivados , Insulina/economia , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: Determinar los cambios que se desarrollan en el pH sanguíneo de pacientes críticos en Cuidados Intensivos, según el tipo de trastorno. Diseño: Estudio cuantitativo, de observación, analítico, de tipo cohorte retrospectivo. Ámbito: Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos polivalente. Participantes, intervenciones y variables: 753 pacientes con pH normal, después de excluir a aquellos con registros insuficientes o antecedente de acidosis tubular renal. Se analizó la información de la base de datos clínica durante 21 meses. Mediante un análisis de supervivencia, se observó el cambio del pH, estratificando grupos de acuerdo con la alteración primaria y, luego, por morbilidad de ingreso. Se estimó la diferencia entre los grupos mediante la prueba del rango logarítmico. Los factores determinantes de acidemia metabólica se evaluaron mediante regresión de Cox. Resultados: Se evaluó a 753 pacientes (mediana de la edad 60 años [RIQ: 40- 71]). La mediana de estancia fue de 8 días (RIQ: 6-13). El 42% tenía alteración del pH. Predominó la acidemia, con más frecuencia en pacientes sépticos. La causa principal de acidemia parece ser la hipoperfusión. El desenlace es similar en pacientes alcalémicos. Conclusiones: Durante la estancia en la UCI, es frecuente el cambio del pH con igual proporción de acidemia y alcalemia. La mortalidad fue similar en pacientes con ambos trastornos. En pacientes acidémicos, la hipoperfusión parece ser el factor desencadenante más importante.(AU)
Abstract Objective: To determine which changes are seen in serum pH in critical care patients, during their stay in the Intensive Care Unit, stratifying findings according to the main disorder. Design: Quantitative, observational, analytical study of a retrospective cohort. Setting: Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit. Patients, interventions, variables: 753 patients with normal pH after excluding those with insufficient records and history of tubular acidosis. Data was gathered from the clinical database during a 21-month interval. Using a survival analysis, serum pH changes were stratified in their relation to the basic alteration and morbidity. Difference between groups was estimated using the log-rank test. In patients with metabolic acidosis Cox regression was used to search for determining factors. Results: A total of 753 patients were evaluated (median age: 60 years [IQR: 40-71]). The median length of stay was 8 days (IQR: 6-13). pH was abnormal in 42% of the population. Metabolic acidosis was the predominant finding being more frequent in septic patients. The main cause of acidosis seems to be hypoperfusion; outcomes were similar in alkalotic patients. Conclusions: Changes in pH are frequent in patients admitted to intensive care unit, with an equal proportion of acidosis and alkalosis. Mortality was similar in both disorders. pH can be related with a negative outcome in both alkalosis and acidosis. In the latter group hypoperfusion seems to be the major trigger.(AU)
Assuntos
Acidose , Alcalose , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , SepseRESUMO
AIMS: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease cause of disability and high costs. To determine the effectiveness of therapy with biologic- and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with RA and factors associated with the control of the disease. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of RA patients receiving treatment with DMARDs in a rheumatologic healthcare institution in five Colombian cities from December 2009 to August 2013. The effectiveness was assessed by Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28) and a lower value of 2.6 was considered remission. RESULTS: A total of 827 patients were studied for an average observation period of 17.3 ± 11.0 months, with mean age 54.3 ± 13.1 years. The most frequently used DMARDs were methotrexate, leflunomide and chloroquine. The most frequently used biological DMARDs were etanercept and abatacept. Initially, 17.8% of the patients received some biological DMARDs in comparison with 28.7% at the end of the observation period. A median DAS28 of 3.5 was found, which was reduced by the end of the observation period to 2.8 (p < 0.001), and cases of patients who were in remission increased from 30.1% to 42.9%. Treatment with leflunomide (OR: 0.47; CI 95%: 0.35-0.64, p < 0.001) or rituximab (OR: 0.37; CI 95%: 0.17-0.83, p = 0.016) was associated with a lesser probability of reaching remission. To be treated in the city of Manizales (OR: 2.56; CI 95%: 1.36-4.82, p = 0.004) was associated with a high probability of remission. CONCLUSIONS: Biological and DMARDs therapy for RA was effective in a relevant proportion of Colombian patients as a consequence of management with strategies set on remission aims quantified using DAS28. Cost-effectiveness of the therapy must be evaluated.
Assuntos
Antirreumáticos/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/epidemiologia , Abatacepte/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais/uso terapêutico , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite Reumatoide/fisiopatologia , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cloroquina/uso terapêutico , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Etanercepte/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Isoxazóis/uso terapêutico , Leflunomida , Masculino , Metotrexato/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of the study is to find predictors of remission, radiographic progression (RP), and erosive disease in a cohort of patients with early onset rheumatoid arthritis (EORA) that followed a therapeutic protocol aiming at remission, in a real world tight-control setting. EORA patients were enrolled in a 3-year follow-up study. Clinical, biological, immunogenetic, and radiographical data were analyzed. Radiographs were scored according to Sharp-van der Heijde (SvdH) method. RP was defined by an increase of 3 units in 36 months. Remission was defined as DAS28 <2.6. A stepwise multiple logistic regression model was used to identify independent predictors of the three target outcomes. One hundred twenty-nine patients were included. Baseline disease activity was high. Significant overall improvement was observed, but only 33.3 % achieved remission. At 36 month, 50.4 % (65) of patients showed erosions. RP was observed in 62.7 % (81) of cases. Statistical analysis showed that baseline SvdH score was the only predictive factor associated with the three outcomes evaluated. Lower HAQ-DI and absence of autoantibodies were predictive of remission. Higher levels of ESR and presence of erosions at entry were predictive of RP. Independent baseline predictors of incident erosive disease were anti-CCP and RF positivity, symptom duration at baseline >3 months, and presence of HLA-DRB1 shared epitope. Radiographic damage at baseline was the main predictor of outcomes. Autoantibodies, HAQ and ESR at baseline, symptom duration before diagnosis, and HLA-DRB1 status had influence on clinical course and development of structural joint damage in Colombian RA patients.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Artrite Reumatoide/patologia , Adulto , Antirreumáticos/administração & dosagem , Artrite Reumatoide/tratamento farmacológico , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Colômbia , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Cadeias HLA-DRB1/genética , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peptídeos Cíclicos/imunologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Radiografia , Indução de Remissão , Fator Reumatoide/imunologia , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaAssuntos
Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Química Farmacêutica/estatística & dados numéricos , Competência Clínica , Colômbia , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Padrões de Prática Médica/legislação & jurisprudência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify patients who were being treated for hypertension with conventional release verapamil (CRV), and to notify the professional responsible for their health care on cardiovascular risk to which they are exposed and achieve a reduction in the number of patients who are treated with this drug. METHODS: A quasi-experimental prospective before and after study without a control group was conducted on 7289 patients diagnosed with hypertension who were on treatment with CRV, between October 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012 in 8 Colombian cities, collected from a database for dispensing medicines. Socio-demographic and pharmacological variables were evaluated. A total of 108 educational interventions were performed on those responsible for their health care, and evaluated within three months with the proportion of suspension of the prescriptions of CRV being evaluated. Multivariate analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 67.9±11.8 years (range: 26-96 years), of which 70.6% were men. Withdrawal of treatment with CRV was achieved in a total of 1922 patients (26.3% of users), distributed as follows: 1160 (60.4%) were the presentation of 120mg, while 762 (39.6%) the 80mg. The variable being treated in the city of Medellin (OR: 17.6; 95% CI: 11.949 to 25.924; P<.01) was statistically significantly associated with the replacement of CRV for another antihypertensive. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively moderate adherence to recommendations about the proper use of CRV in hypertensive patients, was found. Intervention programs that reduce inappropriate prescribing of potential risks to patients of insurance companies and cities where the change was not achieved, must be enforced.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Prescrição Inadequada/prevenção & controle , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Verapamil/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacocinética , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/efeitos adversos , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/farmacocinética , Doenças Cardiovasculares/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Colômbia , Substituição de Medicamentos , Feminino , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Estudos Prospectivos , Verapamil/efeitos adversos , Verapamil/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar las medidas ultrasonográficas de musculatura y grasa en ganado Brahman estabulado y su asociación con edad, sexo y los valores sanguíneos de colesterol total (CT), lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL) y baja densidad (LDL), triacilgliceroles (TG), β-hidroxibutiratos (β-OHB) y tiroxina libre (T4). Material y métodos. Se seleccionaron 180 animales entre machos y hembras con edades entre 9 y 24 meses. De cada animal se tomaron medidas ultrasonográficas del área de ojo del lomo (AOL), profundidad del músculo glúteo medio (PMGM), espesor de grasa dorsal (EGD) y espesor de grasa del anca (EGA), y muestra de sangre para determinar los metabolitos sanguíneos. Se emplearon correlaciones y regresión lineal para establecer las asociaciones entre las variables. Resultados. El sexo y el peso del animal fueron predictores útiles de las medidas de la musculatura y cobertura grasa en el dorso y el anca del animal. Igualmente, el sexo y el peso produjeron cambios en la concentración de los metabolitos séricos estudiados. La correlación entre algunos metabolitos séricos y EGD, PMGM, y EGA fue baja. Conclusiones. La relación que existe entre las evaluaciones de la musculatura y la cobertura grasa es baja, lo que indica que los metabolitos séricos evaluados no son predictores adecuados del desempeño productivo de ganado Brahman para exposición mantenido en estabulación.
Objective. To establish the relationship between ultrasonographic measurements of muscle and fat in back and hip of Brahman cattle fed for cattle shows and their association with serum levels of total cholesterol (CT), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), β-hydroxybutirate (β-OHB), and free thyroxin (T4). Materials and methods. One hundred and eighty animals were purposively selected. The age varied between 9 and 24 months. Ultrasonographic measurements from the loin eye area (AOL), depth of gluteus medius (PMGM), backfat thickness (EGD), and hip fat thickness (EGA) from each animal were recorded. Blood serum samples were collected to determine total cholesterol (CT), lipoproteins (HDL and LDL), triglycerides (TG), and thyroxin (T4). Correlation and linear regression analyses were conducted. Results. Gender and weight were related to muscle and fat coverage measurements in the backs and hips of the animals. Differences in serum metabolites were also related to gender and weight. Although there was a significant correlation between the ultrasonographic measurements and serum metabolites, the associations were weak. Conclusions. The relationship between ultrasonographic measurements of back and hip with serum lipid metabolites is weak, which indicates that those metabolites are not suitable to predict the productive performance of Brahman cattle fed for cattle shows.
Assuntos
Colesterol , Gorduras , Lipídeos , MúsculosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in patients with sepsis in its various stages. DESIGN: A longitudinal, descriptive, observational study was carried out. SETTING: Intensive care units of two university hospitals in Bogotá (Colombia). PATIENTS: A number of patients consecutively admitted to the adult ICU with a diagnosis of sepsis, and no evidence of previous ischemic myocardial injury. INTERVENTIONS: Forty-eight hours of electrocardiographic record using Holter technology. MAIN VARIABLES: Ischemia, cardiac arrhythmia, heart rate variability. RESULTS: A total of 100 patients were analyzed, 62% being staged as presenting septic shock. Three percent suffered ischemic events detected by Holter and unnoticed through conventional monitoring. Forty-six percent suffered an arrhythmic event detected by Holter, compared with only 6% as detected by conventional monitoring. Mortality was 40%. All patients showed loss of heart rate variability. CONCLUSION: In this study patients with sepsis showed a low incidence of cardiovascular ischemic events. In contrast, arrhythmic events showed a high incidence. Conventional monitoring failed to detect any of the ischemic events and most arrhythmic events. In this study, cardiovascular events generated by adrenergic discharge had no impact upon mortality.
Assuntos
Arritmias Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Isquemia Miocárdica/epidemiologia , Sepse/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/tratamento farmacológico , Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Fármacos Cardiovasculares/uso terapêutico , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Feminino , Seguimentos , Frequência Cardíaca , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Incidência , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Isquemia Miocárdica/diagnóstico , Isquemia Miocárdica/tratamento farmacológico , Isquemia Miocárdica/etiologia , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of all type of body cartilage, and the cartilage trauma may be a trigger of the disease in a susceptible person. We describe the clinical and laboratory findings in a group of 18 patients with RP with (7 cases) or without (11 cases) anteceding cartilage trauma. The mean age was 41 years in the group with cartilage trauma and 55 years in the group without cartilage trauma. For both groups, female gender was predominant. All patients presented with auricular chondritis. Systemic manifestations and autoimmunity were more common in patients with anteceding trauma.
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Doenças Autoimunes/diagnóstico , Cartilagem/imunologia , Cartilagem/lesões , Policondrite Recidivante/diagnóstico , Ferimentos e Lesões/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doenças Autoimunes/epidemiologia , Cartilagem/patologia , Comorbidade/tendências , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Policondrite Recidivante/epidemiologia , Policondrite Recidivante/imunologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia , Ferimentos e Lesões/imunologiaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: determinar las características socio-demográficas, comportamientos de riesgo para VIH/Sida y presencia de VIH en tres grupos de participantes de diferentes grupos socio-económicos en Cali. METODOLOGIA: entre 2005 y 2007, Durante campañas de búsqueda activa focal integral de VIH, 4055 participantes dieron voluntariamente su consentimiento informado, respondieron un cuestionario estructurado, recibieron asesoría de VIH pre-prueba y post-prueba, así como prueba para diagnóstico presuntivo de VIH. Los participantes fueron agrupados en tres categorías: personas de bajo nivel socio-económico, baja escolaridad y alto desempleo (N1=1217); trabajadores empleados con escolaridad técnica-superior y de estrato medio-alto (N2=899); y estudiantes de universidades de carácter privado, de estrato medio-alto (N3=1939). Se determinaron características socio-demográficas, comportamientos sexuales y auto percepción de conocimientos sobre VIH. Análisis estadístico: uso de Chi-Cuadrado y prueba de muestras independientes t-student, significancia<0.05 e intervalos de confianza al 95%. RESULTADOS: prevalencia global de VIH 0.62%; para el grupo N1 la prevalencia fue 1.97%, mayor que en los otros grupos (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONES: una alta prevalencia de VIH en el grupo N1 fue evidente, junto con una historia previa más frecuente de Enfermedad de Transmisión Sexual (ETS) y pobre auto-percepción de conocimientos sobre VIH, destacando la necesidad de fortalecer las estrategias de prevención y tamizaje de ETS y VIH dirigidas a este grupo.
OBJECTIVE: to identify socio-demographical characteristics and risk behaviors for HIV /Aids and HIV status in three groups of participants from different socio-economic background in Cali. METHODOLOGY: between 2005 and 2007, an active surveillance campaigns was done and included 4055 voluntary participants who gave informed consent, answered a structured questionnaire, and received pre- and post-test counseling and HIV testing. The participants were grouped in three categories: a total of 1217 from low socio-economic status (lse), with low education and high unemployment (N1), 899 employed workers with technical-professional schooling and upper-middle socio-economic status (N2), and 1939 students of private universities and upper-middle socio-economic status (N3). Socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors and HIV knowledge self-perception were assessed. Statistical analyses: Chi Square, and independent T tests with significance <0.05, 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: overall prevalence of HIV was 0.62%; in the N1 group prevalence was 1.97%, significantly higher than in the other two groups, (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: a higher prevalence of HIV in the N1 (lse) group was evident, along with a more frequent history of previous Sexual Transmision Disease (std), and poorer self-perception of HIV knowledge, highlighting the need to strengthen std and HIV prevention and testing strategies targeting this group.
Assuntos
HIVRESUMO
A one-day point prevalence study to investigate the patterns of antibiotic use was undertaken in 43 latin American (LA) intensive care units. Of 510 patients admitted, 231 received antibiotic treatment on the day of the study (45%); in 125 cases (54%) due to nosocomial-acquired infections. The most frequent infection reported was nosocomial pneumonia (43%). Only in 122 patients (53%) were cultures performed before starting antibiotic treatment. 33% of the isolated microorganisms were enterobacteriaceae (40% extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing), 23% methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and 17% carbapenems-resistant non-fermentative Gram-negatives. The antibiotics most frequently prescribed were carbapenems (99/231, 43%); alone (60/99, 60%) or in combination with vancomycin (39/99, 40%). "Restricted" antibiotics (carbapenems, vancomycin, piperacillin-tazobactam, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, tigecycline, polymixins and linezolid) were most frequently indicated in severely ill patients (APACHE II score at admission >15, p=0.0007 and, SOFA score at the beginning of the antibiotic treatment >3, p=0.0000). Only 36% of antibiotic treatments were cultured-directed.Our findings help explain the high rates of multidrug-resistant pathogens in LA settings (i.e. ESBL-producing Gram-negatives) and the severity of the registered patients illnesses.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Prescrições de Medicamentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Padrões de Prática Médica , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Estudos Transversais , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , América Latina , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Spin-polarized density functional theory (SP-DFT) allows both the analysis of charge-transfer (e.g., electrophilic and nucleophilic reactivity) and of spin-polarization processes (e.g., photophysical changes arising from electron transitions). In analogy with the dual descriptor introduced by Morell et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 109, 205 (2005)], we introduce new dual descriptors intended to simultaneously give information of the molecular regions where the spin-polarization process linking states of different multiplicity will drive electron density and spin density changes. The electronic charge and spin rearrangement in the spin forbidden radiative transitions S(0)-->T(n,pi(*)) and S(0)-->T(pi,pi(*)) in formaldehyde and ethylene, respectively, have been used as benchmark examples illustrating the usefulness of the new spin-polarization dual descriptors. These quantities indicate those regions where spin-orbit coupling effects are at work in such processes. Additionally, the qualitative relationship between the topology of the spin-polarization dual descriptors and the vertical singlet triplet energy gap in simple substituted carbene series has been also discussed. It is shown that the electron density and spin density rearrangements arise in agreement with spectroscopic experimental evidence and other theoretical results on the selected target systems.
RESUMO
Como una posible solución a la morbilidad asociada con la linfadenectomía inguinal profiláctica en el carcinoma de pene, puede realizarse la biopsia del ganglio centinela para identificar aquellos pacientes con enfermedad ganglionar metastásica, evitando por tanto una cirugía mayor en pacientes sin enfermedad metastásica. Describimos un nuevo caso que ilustra las ventajas de un mapeo linfático en el carcinoma escamocelular de pene con una linfogamagrafía preoperatoria para detectar ganglios inguinales infiltrados.