RESUMO
Talvez mais do que qualquer outro câncer, o câncer de mama expõe a paciente não só a um abalo emocional e psicológico, mas também a uma possível modificação da autoestima. A comunicação do câncer de mama ocorre em um momento importante do diagnóstico da enfermidade. Esta revisão tem o objetivo de verificar se existe um padrão de comunicação do diagnóstico de câncer de mama e avaliar os aspectos envolvidos. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs e Biblioteca Cochrane por meio dos descritores breast neoplasms, disclosure, persuasive communication, diagnosis e physician-patient relations, através da qual foram selecionados oito estudos. Dentre estes, seis abordaram aspectos da comunicação; dois classificam tipos de comunicação; e um analisa as pacientes após o diagnóstico. A conclusão é que não há um padrão único e fixo para a comunicação do diagnóstico do câncer de mama tendo em vista a imensa complexidade e variabilidade de preferências das pacientes.
Perhaps more than any other cancer, breast cancer not only exposes the patient to a psychological and emotional upheaval, but also a possible modification of self-esteem. The communication of breast cancer occurs at an important time of diagnosis of disease. This review aims to establish whether there is a communications standard for the diagnosis of breast cancer and evaluate the issues involved. Was searched in Medline, Lilacs and Cochrane Library using the keywords "breast neoplasms," "disclosure," "persuasive communication", "diagnosis" and "physician-patient relations, through which eight studies were selected . Six of these dealt with aspects of communication, two classified types of communication, and one examines the patients after diagnosis. The conclusion is that there is a single, fixed standard for the communication of the diagnosis of breast cancer in view of the immense complexity and variability of preferences of patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Diagnóstico Clínico , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Relações Médico-Paciente , Barreiras de Comunicação , Neoplasias da Mama/psicologiaRESUMO
HIV-1 from infected subjects has been characterized in order to provide a more accurate view of the strains that are currently found in a given region. In this report, we focused on characterizing the pol gene diversity obtained from newly diagnosed patients in Santos metropolitan area, Brazil. This region is composed of nine cities and an international port. Analysis of the 33 samples revealed that 22 strains belonged to subtype B, 4 to subtype F, and 2 to subtype C; 5 strains were B/F recombinants. Our results demonstrated that 18.2% of samples were primary antiretroviral resistance genotypic mutations, with high-level resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors in both subtypes B and F and in recombinant forms B/F. Our data revealed that the primary antiretroviral resistance genotypic mutations should be carefully investigated in developing countries with widespread access to antiretrovirals, such as Brazil.