RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human error and violation of rules are perceived as deviations from some desired behavior, appearing variably in literature as either similar or opposing concepts. Behavioral deviations may be linked to accidents or considered a protective factor against them. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to explore definitions, characteristics, classifications, and management approaches for behavioral deviations, specifically human error and violation of rules. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted. RESULTS: The authors differ in defining and classifying error and violation, associating them with generation of accidents or their prevention. The management proposals for deviations highlighted by the authors were emphasized. CONCLUSION: The findings of this article reinforce the prominence of authors Jens Rasmussen and James Reason in the field. They assert that deviations are a natural aspect of the work process and even serve as a preventive factor against accidents, although their frequent association with accidents remains common in organizations. This study contributes to theoretical understanding by systematizing prevalent perspectives on deviation, human error, and violation of rules. It proposes a taxonomy and emphasizing the need for managing deviations, rather than combating them, especially in an organizational context.
RESUMO
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is one of the parasites that has an impact on livestock farming in Brazil. Bioassays using the larval packet test (LPT) impregnated with cypermethrin and diazinon at different concentrations were performed to characterize phenotypic resistance (resistance level, RL), molecular resistance (mutation in domain III - S6 T2134A) and enzymatic metabolism of diazinon and cypermethrin in some populations of R. microplus that were collected in different regions of the state of São Paulo. Among the 40 farms analyzed, 18 of them presented resistance factors for cypermethrin, with RL I (53%) and RL II (47%). Mutation of domain III T2134A was found for the first time in Brazil, on seven farms. Heterozygous larvae were found on six of them and resistant homozygous larvae on four. No differences (p>0.05) in enzymatic activity of α-esterase and ß-esterase were found in tests with live and dead larvae at a cypermethrin concentration of 409.6µg/cm2. Ninety percent of the farms showed resistance to the active agent diazinon: RL I in 6%, RL II in 30% and RL III in 64%. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in enzymatic activity at the highest concentration (3.2µg/cm2).
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) é um dos parasitas que mais impactam a pecuária de países tropicais e subtropicais, incluindo o Brasil, com perdas em torno de US$ 3,24 bilhões por ano. Ocorrências de populações resistentes a diferentes classes de acaricidas e suas associações têm sido amplamente diagnosticadas em todo o Brasil. Para isso, bioensaios utilizando o teste de pacote larval (LPT) impregnado com cipermetrina e diazinon em diferentes concentrações foram realizados para caracterizar a resistência fenotípica (nível de resistência, RL), a resistência molecular (mutação no domínio III - S6 T2134A) e o metabolismo enzimático do diazinon e da cipermetrina em algumas populações de R. (Boophilus) microplus coletadas em diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo. Dentre as 40 propriedades analisadas, 18 delas apresentaram fatores de resistência à cipermetrina, sendo RL I (53%) e RL II (47%). A mutação do domínio III T2134A foi encontrada pela primeira vez no Brasil, em sete fazendas. Larvas heterozigotas foram constatadas em seis delas, e larvas homozigotas resistentes em quatro. Nenhuma diferença (P>0,05) na atividade enzimática de α-esterase e ß-esterase foi observada em testes com larvas vivas e mortas em uma concentração de cipermetrina de 409,6µg/cm2. Noventa por cento das propriedades apresentaram resistência ao agente ativo diazinon: RL I em 6%, RL II em 30% e RL III em 64%. Houve diferenças significativas (P<0,05) na atividade enzimática na concentração mais elevada (3,2µg/cm2) entre os grupos de larvas vivas e mortas.
Assuntos
Animais , Rhipicephalus , Diazinon , AcaricidasRESUMO
Bovine Trichomoniasis (BT) is an infectious disease caused by Tritrichomonas foetus that can be transmitted either sexually or by fomites. In males, the disease is asymptomatic and permanent. T. foetus has been detected in semen samples where it is able to remain viable even when frozen. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of T. foetus in 27 samples of commercial frozen bovine semen by culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Samples were thawed in water at 37°C. Part of the samples was inoculated in a test tube containing Diamond's medium and incubated at 35°C. Growth was evaluated every 24 hours via direct examination under a microscope. The other part was placed in an Eppendorf tube and frozen for later molecular analysis. After 10 days of culture, all samples were negative for T. foetus. The Quick-DNA Miniprep Kit (Zymo Research) without proteinase K was used for DNA extraction. The primers used in PCR were TRF3 and TRF4. PCR results were negative for all samples. In conclusion, bovine semen samples were negative for T. foetus in both diagnostic methods, according to the adopted methodology.(AU)
A tricomonose genital bovina (TGB), uma doença infectocontagiosa causada pelo Tritrichomonas foetus, é transmitida por via venérea e fômites contaminados. Em machos a doença é assintomática e permanente. O agente já foi encontrado em amostras de sêmen e é capaz de permanecer viável quando congelado. Este trabalho teve por objetivo investigar a presença de T. foetus em 27 amostras de sêmen bovino comercial congelado, por meio de cultivo e reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). As amostras foram descongeladas em água a 37ºC; parte foi inoculada em tubo de ensaio contendo meio Diamond, incubada a 35ºC com consequente avaliação de crescimento e avaliada a cada 24 horas, via exame direto em microscópio, e a outra parte foi diluída em PBS para análise molecular. Após 10 dias de cultivo, todas as amostras foram negativas. Para a detecção molecular foi utilizado o kit Quick-DNA Miniprep (Zymo Research) sem proteinase K para extração do DNA. Os iniciadores utilizados na PCR foram TRF3 e TRF4. O resultado da PCR foi negativo para todas as amostras. Conclui-se que as amostras utilizadas foram realmente negativas para a presença do patógeno em ambos os métodos diagnósticos, o que comprovou a inocuidade do sêmen testado.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Bovinos , Sêmen/parasitologia , Tricomoníase/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Tritrichomonas foetus/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterináriaRESUMO
The sterile insect technique is used around the world to suppress or eradicate populations of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) with successful results. It consists of inundative releases of sterile insects into a wide area to reduce reproduction in a field population of the same species. It is necessary to know the dispersion of the sterile males in the field in order to define the maximum distance between the release points that ensures the distribution of the sterile flies in the entire target area. The release methods may vary depending on the area to be covered and the resources available. Manual ground release requires less technology. The aim of this research was to estimate the ability of sterile males to survive and disperse in the field, in the two main areas of citrus production in Uruguay. A release of 20,000 sterile males of C. capitata TslV8 (-inv D53) was performed at the central point of each area defined for the trials. Around these points, a network of 54 Jackson traps baited with trimedlure was installed forming five concentric rings, which were placed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the release and were removed at 24 h in all cases. The emergence rate, flight ability, dispersion, and longevity were estimated. The standard distances obtained by the regression models were 127 m and 131 m for Salto and San José respectively. In Salto, the traps had catches until the eighth day, and in San José, there were no catches after the sixth day.
Assuntos
Distribuição Animal , Ceratitis capitata/fisiologia , Infertilidade Masculina , Controle Biológico de Vetores , Animais , Citrus , Masculino , Reprodução , UruguaiRESUMO
Cytogenetics is essential in myeloid neoplasms (MN) and pre-analytical variables are important for karyotyping. We assessed the relationship between pre-analytical variables (time from collection to sample processing, material type, sample cellularity, and diagnosis) and failures of karyotyping. Bone marrow (BM, n=352) and peripheral blood (PB, n=69) samples were analyzed from acute myeloid leukemia (n=113), myelodysplastic syndromes (n=73), myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms (n=17), myeloproliferative neoplasms (n=137), and other with conclusive diagnosis (n=6), and reactive disorders/no conclusive diagnosis (n=75). The rate of unsuccessful karyotyping was 18.5% and was associated with the use of PB and a low number of nucleated cells (≤7×103/µL) in the sample. High and low cellularity in BM and high and low cellularity in PB samples showed no metaphases in 3.9, 39.7, 41.9, and 84.6% of cases, respectively. Collecting a good BM sample is the key for the success of karyotyping in MN and avoids the use of expensive molecular techniques.
Assuntos
Células da Medula Óssea/patologia , Cariotipagem/métodos , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/diagnóstico , Manejo de Espécimes/normas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cytogenetics is essential in myeloid neoplasms (MN) and pre-analytical variables are important for karyotyping. We assessed the relationship between pre-analytical variables (time from collection to sample processing, material type, sample cellularity, and diagnosis) and failures of karyotyping. Bone marrow (BM, n=352) and peripheral blood (PB, n=69) samples were analyzed from acute myeloid leukemia (n=113), myelodysplastic syndromes (n=73), myelodysplastic syndromes/myeloproliferative neoplasms (n=17), myeloproliferative neoplasms (n=137), and other with conclusive diagnosis (n=6), and reactive disorders/no conclusive diagnosis (n=75). The rate of unsuccessful karyotyping was 18.5% and was associated with the use of PB and a low number of nucleated cells (≤7×103/µL) in the sample. High and low cellularity in BM and high and low cellularity in PB samples showed no metaphases in 3.9, 39.7, 41.9, and 84.6% of cases, respectively. Collecting a good BM sample is the key for the success of karyotyping in MN and avoids the use of expensive molecular techniques.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Células da Medula Óssea/patologia , Leucemia Mieloide/genética , Cariotipagem/métodos , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/genética , Manejo de Espécimes/normas , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/diagnósticoRESUMO
Genetic and functional aberrations of guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha stimulating (GNAS), aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP), and pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) are among the most prominent events in pituitary tumorigenesis. A cohort of Brazilian patients with somatotropinomas (n=41) and non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA, n=21) from a single tertiary-referral center were evaluated for GNAS and AIP mutations and gene expression of AIP and PTTG. Results were compared to the clinical and biological (Ki67 and p53 expression) characteristics of tumors and their response to therapy, if applicable. Genetic analysis revealed that 27% of somatotropinomas and 4.8% of NFPA harbored GNAS mutations (P=0.05). However, no differences were observed in clinical characteristics, tumor extension, response to somatostatin analog therapy, hormonal/surgical remission rates, Ki67 index, and p53 expression between mutated and non-mutated somatotropinomas patients. PTTG overexpression (RQ mean=10.6, min=4.39, max=11.9) and AIP underexpression (RQ mean=0.56, min=0.46-max=0.92) were found in virtually all cases without a statistically significant relationship with clinical and biological tumor features. No patients exhibited somatic or germline pathogenic AIP mutations. In conclusion, mutations in GNAS and abnormal PTTG and AIP expression had no impact on tumor features and treatment outcomes in this cohort. Our data support some previous studies and point to the need for further investigations, probably involving epigenetic and transcriptome analysis, to improve our understanding of pituitary tumor behavior.
Assuntos
Adenoma/genética , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa/genética , Adenoma Hipofisário Secretor de Hormônio do Crescimento/genética , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/genética , Adenoma/patologia , Adulto , Brasil , Carcinogênese , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Estudos de Coortes , DNA de Neoplasias , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Adenoma Hipofisário Secretor de Hormônio do Crescimento/patologia , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipófise/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of pregnancies in a large cohort of women with acromegaly. DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 31 pregnancies in 20 patients with acromegaly. RESULTS: Twenty-seven pregnancies resulted in healthy offspring, and 4 resulted in abortion. Three patients underwent transsphenoidal surgery during pregnancy. IGF-1 levels remained elevated during pregnancy in 4 pregnancies and normalized in 23 cases. Fifteen cases were followed during pregnancy without any medical or surgical treatment, and 13 of these exhibited normal IGF-1 levels. Before or during pregnancy, somatostatin receptor ligands usage was not associated with higher risk for adverse outcomes. Arterial hypertension worsening (45%) and impairment of glucose levels (32%) were the most common complications during pregnancies. There were no maternal or neonatal deaths. One woman delivered twins. Two cases of congenital malformations and one with foetal macrosomia were observed. Caesarean delivery was performed in sixteen cases. CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the impact of gestation on IGF-1 levels. However, it also indicates that acromegaly still holds an increased risk for worsening of comorbidities, especially in uncontrolled patients.
Assuntos
Acromegalia/sangue , Acromegalia/complicações , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Intolerância à Glucose/sangue , Intolerância à Glucose/complicações , Hormônio do Crescimento Humano/sangue , Humanos , Hipertensão/sangue , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Genetic and functional aberrations of guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha stimulating (GNAS), aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein (AIP), and pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) are among the most prominent events in pituitary tumorigenesis. A cohort of Brazilian patients with somatotropinomas (n=41) and non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA, n=21) from a single tertiary-referral center were evaluated for GNAS and AIP mutations and gene expression of AIP and PTTG. Results were compared to the clinical and biological (Ki67 and p53 expression) characteristics of tumors and their response to therapy, if applicable. Genetic analysis revealed that 27% of somatotropinomas and 4.8% of NFPA harbored GNAS mutations (P=0.05). However, no differences were observed in clinical characteristics, tumor extension, response to somatostatin analog therapy, hormonal/surgical remission rates, Ki67 index, and p53 expression between mutated and non-mutated somatotropinomas patients. PTTG overexpression (RQ mean=10.6, min=4.39, max=11.9) and AIP underexpression (RQ mean=0.56, min=0.46-max=0.92) were found in virtually all cases without a statistically significant relationship with clinical and biological tumor features. No patients exhibited somatic or germline pathogenic AIP mutations. In conclusion, mutations in GNAS and abnormal PTTG and AIP expression had no impact on tumor features and treatment outcomes in this cohort. Our data support some previous studies and point to the need for further investigations, probably involving epigenetic and transcriptome analysis, to improve our understanding of pituitary tumor behavior.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/genética , Adenoma/genética , Mutação em Linhagem Germinativa/genética , Adenoma Hipofisário Secretor de Hormônio do Crescimento/genética , Hipófise/patologia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/patologia , Brasil , DNA de Neoplasias , Marcadores Genéticos , Adenoma/patologia , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Estudos de Coortes , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Adenoma Hipofisário Secretor de Hormônio do Crescimento/patologia , CarcinogêneseAssuntos
Vírus da Dengue , Dengue , Encefalite Viral , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos , Idoso , Aloenxertos , Dengue/sangue , Dengue/etiologia , Dengue/terapia , Encefalite Viral/sangue , Encefalite Viral/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/sangue , Transtornos Mieloproliferativos/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This research was conducted in the Brazilian granite mining sector. After epidemiological studies, it was established that professional pneumoconiosis is related to the inhalation of dust. Therefore, the Brazilian mining health and safety regulatory standard made it compulsory to provide humidification throughout the extraction and mineral treatment processes. OBJECTIVE: To develop the concept of systemic appropriation of the technological innovations that aim to protect the worker's health. Until now, appropriation has usually been presented in its individual dimensions. In this article, the focus is placed on the collective and organizational aspects of this appropriation. METHODS: Two methodological approaches were used: interviews with the different individuals involved in order to report the history of the implementation of technical devices which meet the humidification norm; and ergonomic analysis of the work of the operators who used these devices. RESULTS: The appropriation of the technical devices occurred at two distinct levels: 1) Individual, related to the direct contact of the operator with the instrument; 2) Systemic, as the effects of the innovation propagated through the system affecting interdependent tasks, adaptation of the work organization and new production strategies. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of prevention norms require innovations which are necessarily accompanied by transformations in the companies' techniques, work and management.
Assuntos
Poeira/prevenção & controle , Mineração/instrumentação , Mineração/métodos , Exposição Ocupacional/prevenção & controle , Dióxido de Silício , Brasil , Ergonomia , Humanos , MineradoresRESUMO
Chromobacterium violaceum is a free-living bacillus with several genes that enables it survival under different harsh environments such as oxidative and temperature stresses. Here we performed a label-free quantitative proteomic study to unravel the molecular mechanisms that enable C. violaceum to survive oxidative stress. To achieve this, total proteins extracted from control and C. violaceum cultures exposed during two hours with 8 mM hydrogen peroxide were analyzed using GeLC-MS proteomics. Analysis revealed that under the stress condition, the bacterium expressed proteins that protected it from the damage caused by reactive oxygen condition and decreasing the abundance of proteins responsible for bacterial growth and catabolism. GeLC-MS proteomics analysis provided an overview of the metabolic pathways involved in the response of C. violaceum to oxidative stress ultimately aggregating knowledge of the response of this organism to environmental stress. This study identified approximately 1500 proteins, generating the largest proteomic coverage of C. violaceum so far. We also detected proteins with unknown function that we hypothesize to be part of new mechanisms related to oxidative stress defense. Finally, we identified the mechanism of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), which has not yet been reported for this organism.
Assuntos
Chromobacterium/genética , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Estresse Oxidativo/genética , Proteoma/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Brasil , Catalase/metabolismo , Cromatografia Líquida , Chromobacterium/metabolismo , Repetições Palindrômicas Curtas Agrupadas e Regularmente Espaçadas/genética , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/genética , Espectrometria de Massas , Proteômica/métodosRESUMO
The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), is the most serious pest in peach, and several insecticide applications are required to reduce crop damage to acceptable levels. Geostatistics and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are employed to measure the range of spatial correlation of G. molesta in order to define the optimum sampling distance for performing spatial analysis and to determine the current distribution of the pest in peach orchards of southern Uruguay. From 2007 to 2010, 135 pheromone traps per season were installed and georeferenced in peach orchards distributed over 50,000 ha. Male adult captures were recorded weekly from September to April. Structural analysis of the captures was performed, yielding 14 semivariograms for the accumulated captures analyzed by generation and growing season. Two sets of maps were constructed to describe the pest distribution. Nine significant models were obtained in the 14 evaluated periods. The range estimated for the correlation was from 908 to 6884 m. Three hot spots of high population level and some areas with comparatively low populations were constant over the 3-year period, while there is a greater variation in the size of the population in different generations and years in other areas.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Lepidópteros , Prunus persica/parasitologia , Distribuição Animal , Animais , Demografia , Masculino , UruguaiRESUMO
This study aims to compare the efficiency of the automated system (controlled-rate freezer) and the conventional system (manual system) for freezing the equine semen after cooling at 16oC. The parameters evaluated were: motility, strength, plasmatic and acrosomal membrane integrity of spermatozoa from twelve stallions. Ejaculates from stallions were collected three times per week, during four weeks. Gel-free semen was diluted in skim milk extender and cooled at 16ºC for 24 h. After cooling, extended semen was centrifuged at 600 x g for 10 min. The supernatant was removed and sperm pellets were re-suspended using the freezing extender. Samples were then packed into 0.5 ml straws, which were divided into two parts: one for cryopreservation in a controlled-rate freezer (CR) and the other for a manual system (MS). In this study, CR showed higher values for motility (44.6%), viability (57.9%) and plasmatic membrane integrity (29.3%) when compared with MS (20, 35.7 and 5.1%), (P < 0.05), respectively, after 24 h of cooling at 16ºC. The automated system for cryopreservation of cooled semen at 16°C for 24 h was more efficient, with higher values of motility, viability and plasmatic membrane integrity when compared with the manual system.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Masculino , Criopreservação/veterinária , Cavalos/genética , Cavalos/fisiologia , Preservação do Sêmen/veterinária , Análise do Sêmen/veterináriaRESUMO
This study aims to compare the efficiency of the automated system (controlled-rate freezer) and the conventional system (manual system) for freezing the equine semen after cooling at 16oC. The parameters evaluated were: motility, strength, plasmatic and acrosomal membrane integrity of spermatozoa from twelve stallions. Ejaculates from stallions were collected three times per week, during four weeks. Gel-free semen was diluted in skim milk extender and cooled at 16ºC for 24 h. After cooling, extended semen was centrifuged at 600 x g for 10 min. The supernatant was removed and sperm pellets were re-suspended using the freezing extender. Samples were then packed into 0.5 ml straws, which were divided into two parts: one for cryopreservation in a controlled-rate freezer (CR) and the other for a manual system (MS). In this study, CR showed higher values for motility (44.6%), viability (57.9%) and plasmatic membrane integrity (29.3%) when compared with MS (20, 35.7 and 5.1%), (P < 0.05), respectively, after 24 h of cooling at 16ºC. The automated system for cryopreservation of cooled semen at 16°C for 24 h was more efficient, with higher values of motility, viability and plasmatic membrane integrity when compared with the manual system.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Análise do Sêmen/veterinária , Cavalos/fisiologia , Cavalos/genética , Criopreservação/veterinária , Preservação do Sêmen/veterináriaRESUMO
Ovarian hormone loss is associated with a shift in fat distribution to intra-abdomin al adipose tissue (intra-AAT) depots and with lipid metabolism disorders, which predisposes individuals to developing insulin resistance. Resistance training (RT) prevents increases in intra-AAT after ovarian hormone loss. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. We investigated the effects of ovariectomy and RT on gene expression related to lipogenesis and fat oxidation in the intra-AAT of ovariectomized rats. Sprague-Dawley rats (n=6/group) were divided into the groups: sham-sedentary, ovariectomized-sedentary, sham-RT and ovariectomized-RT. RT groups performed a 10-week climbing program on a ladder with progressive overload. Intra-AAT was subjected to morphometric and mRNA analysis. Ovariectomized-sedentary group had larger adipocytes and higher expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and lower expression of the oxidative carnitinepalmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-1). RT counteracted OVX-induced increases in PPAR-γ and SCD-1 and decreased SREBP-1c. ACC and HSL were downregulated in ovariectomized-RT compared with the ovariectomized-sedentary group. Ovariectomized-RT group had the highest CPT-1 gene expression. Adipocyte size decreased in ovariectomized-RT group. Results suggest that RT reduces intra-AAT adipocyte size in ovariectomized rats by suppressing intra-AAT fatty acid synthesis and enhancing fatty acid ß-oxidation.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos/biossíntese , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/metabolismo , Lipogênese , Menopausa/metabolismo , Treinamento Resistido , Adipócitos/citologia , Animais , Glicemia/metabolismo , Índice de Massa Corporal , Tamanho Celular , Ingestão de Alimentos , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Lipogênese/genética , Modelos Animais , Ovariectomia , Oxirredução , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
Cancer of unknown primary site is a histologically confirmed cancer which is manifested in advanced stage, with no identifiable primary site after the use of standard diagnostic procedures. Patients are initially placed into one of categories based upon the examination of the initial biopsy: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine carcinoma and poorly differentiated carcinoma. Appropriate patient management requires an understanding of several clinicopathologic features that help to identify several subsets of patients with more responsive tumors.
Assuntos
Carcinoma/diagnóstico , Carcinoma/terapia , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Primárias Desconhecidas/terapia , HumanosRESUMO
Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis causes cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis in several countries in Latin America. In mammals, the parasites live as amastigotes, interacting with host immune cells and stimulating cytokine production that will drive the type of the specific immune responses. Generation of Th17 lymphocytes is associated with tissue destruction and depends on IL-1ß, IL-6, TGF-ß and IL-23 production, whereas IL-10 and TGF-ß are associated with tissue protection. Here, we evaluate whether amastigotes stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors to produce the major cytokines responsible for the generation of Th17. Seven L. (V.) braziliensis isolates from patients with different clinical forms of leishmaniasis were expanded in interferon-γ knockout mice to obtain amastigotes and in culture to get promastigotes. The parasites were used to stimulate PBMCs from healthy donors, and cytokine production was evaluated by ELISA or qPCR. Amastigotes and promastigotes induced IL-10 production in PBMCs; however, only amastigotes induced IL-1ß, IL-6 and TGF-ß. These data demonstrate for the first time that L. (V.) braziliensis amastigotes directly stimulate production of a unique pattern of cytokines that could contribute to the generation of Th17.
Assuntos
Citocinas/imunologia , Leishmania braziliensis/imunologia , Leishmaniose/imunologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/imunologia , Animais , Citocinas/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Leishmania braziliensis/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Células Th17/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are no studies that describe the impact of the cumulative fluid balance on the outcomes of cancer patients admitted to intensive care units ICUs. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between fluid balance and clinical outcomes in these patients. METHOD: One hundred twenty-two cancer patients were prospectively evaluated for survival during a 30-day period. Univariate (Chi-square, t-test, Mann-Whitney) and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify the admission parameters associated with mortality. RESULTS: The mean cumulative fluid balance was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors [1675 ml/24 h (471-2921) vs. 887 ml/24 h (104-557), P = 0.017]. We used the area under the curve and the intersection of the sensibility and specificity curves to define a cumulative fluid balance value of 1100 ml/24 h. This value was used in the univariate model. In the multivariate model, the following variables were significantly associated with mortality in cancer patients: the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score at admission [Odds ratio (OR) 1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.05-1.26), P = 0.003], the Lung Injury Score at admission [OR 2.23; 95% CI (1.29-3.87), P = 0.004] and a positive fluid balance higher than 1100 ml/24 h at ICU [OR 5.14; 95% CI (1.45-18.24), P = 0.011]. CONCLUSION: A cumulative positive fluid balance higher than 1100 ml/24 h was independently associated with mortality in patients with cancer. These findings highlight the importance of improving the evaluation of these patients' volemic state and indicate that defined goals should be used to guide fluid therapy.