RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The reported literature about the types of cutaneous adverse antibiotic reactions (ATB-CAR) and the responsible antimicrobial class is scarce. AIM: to describe the clinical and histopathological profile of these reactions, and potential associations between different types of ATB-CAR and causal antibiotic class in a tertiary hospital in Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional retrospective study performed at the Hospital of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. RESULTS: A total of 58 patients were included. The most common type of ATB-CAR was morbilliform (n: 37, 63.8%). The antibiotics most frequently involved were the penicillins and cephalosporins (n: 34, 69.3%). The most common histological pattern in all types of ATB-CAR was superficial perivascular dermatitis with or without spongiosis. There was significant association between urticarial, morbilliform, DRESS and PEGA types, with the use of penicillins, cephalosporins, cotrimoxazole, and lincomycin, respectively (n: 4,100%, n: 15, 40.5%, n: 2; 50%, n: 1, 50%, p < 0.05, respectively). DISCUSSION: This is the first description of the ATB-CAR patterns in South American hospitalized patients. Both clinical and histopathological patterns of ATB-CAR are similar to other published series, however the types of causal antibiotics are different.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Cefalosporinas/efeitos adversos , Toxidermias/etiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Chile , Estudos Transversais , Toxidermias/patologia , Síndrome de Hipersensibilidade a Medicamentos/etiologia , Síndrome de Hipersensibilidade a Medicamentos/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pacientes Internados/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Penicilinas/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Centros de Atenção Terciária/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
Introduction: The reported literature about the types of cutaneous adverse antibiotic reactions (ATB-CAR) and the responsible antimicrobial class is scarce. Aim: to describe the clinical and histopathological profile of these reactions, and potential associations between different types of ATB-CAR and causal antibiotic class in a tertiary hospital in Chile. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study performed at the Hospital of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Results: A total of 58 patients were included. The most common type of ATB-CAR was morbilliform (n: 37, 63.8%). The antibiotics most frequently involved were the penicillins and cephalosporins (n: 34, 69.3%). The most common histological pattern in all types of ATB-CAR was superficial perivascular dermatitis with or without spongiosis. There was significant association between urticarial, morbilliform, DRESS and PEGA types, with the use of penicillins, cephalosporins, cotrimoxazole, and lincomycin, respectively (n: 4,100%, n: 15, 40.5%, n: 2; 50%, n: 1, 50%, p < 0.05, respectively). Discussion: This is the first description of the ATB-CAR patterns in South American hospitalized patients. Both clinical and histopathological patterns of ATB-CAR are similar to other published series, however the types of causal antibiotics are different.
Introducción: La literatura médica reportada acerca de los tipos de reacciones cutáneas adversas a antimicrobianos (ATM-cRAM) y la clase de antimicrobiano responsable es escasa. Objetivo: Describir el perfil clínico e histopatológico de estas reacciones, y establecer posibles asociaciones entre los distintos tipos de ATM-cRAM y la clase de antimicrobiano causal, en un hospital terciario en Chile. Material y Método: Estudio transversal analítico retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Resultados: Fue incluido un total de 58 pacientes. El tipo más frecuente de ATM-cRAM fue el morbiliforme (n: 37; 63,8%). Los antimicrobianos más frecuentemente implicados fueron penicilinas y cefalosporinas (n: 34; 69,3%). El patrón histopatológico más frecuente en todos los tipos de ATM-cRAM fue el de dermatitis perivascular superficial, con o sin espongiosis. Hubo asociación significativa entre las ATM-cRAM tipo urticaria, morbiliforme, DRESS y PEGA, con el uso de penicilinas, cefalosporinas, cotrimoxazol y lincomicina, respectivamente (n: 4,100%; n: 15, 40,5%; n: 2; 50%; n: 1; 50%, p < 0,05, respectivamente). Discusión: Este estudio corresponde a la primera descripción de los patrones de ATM-cRAM en pacientes hospitalizados sudamericanos. Tanto los patrones clínicos como histopatológicos de ATM-cRAM son similares a otras series publicadas; sin embargo, los tipos de antimicrobianos causales no coinciden con lo previamente descrito.