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Salinity is harmful to crops when the concentration of soluble salts overcomes the salinity threshold of the crop, causing osmotic stress and limitations in plant growth. In this scenario, adopting tolerant cultivars is the most adequate strategy to minimize agricultural losses. However, the inheritance of tolerance depends on the genotype. From this perspective, this study assessed the tolerance to severe salt stress in 11 cotton cultivars based on gas exchange parameters and the free proline content. The cultivars were grown in a greenhouse and subjected to 34 days of saline irrigation (10 dS m-1), starting 45 days after seedling emergence (B1 phase). Plant growth was monitored weekly until the end of the salt stress period. The treatments consisted of a combination of two factors: eleven cultivars associated with two electrical conductivity levels of irrigation water (ECw: 0.3 and 10.0 dS m-1). The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 11 × 2 factorial arrangement with three replications (66 plots), with the experimental unit consisting of one plant per plot. Salinity impacted plant growth, being reflected on the gas exchange and free proline data of most cultivars. However, BRS 286, FMT 705, BRS 416, and BRS Acácia, and CNPA 7MH withstood the effects of stress and osmotically adjusted to the salt stress conditions, thus minimizing the damage to growth. Those cultivars are the most indicated for improvement programs aiming at tolerance to salt stress based on the results found in this research.
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Estresse Salino , Tolerância ao Sal , Plântula , Salinidade , ProlinaRESUMO
Humanity has used propolis since ancient times, and its use as a food supplement has significantly increased. Several reports on propolis´ biological activity and toxicity have highlighted its anti-inflammatory properties, unlike many natural food supplements. This review addresses the anti-inflammatory roles of Brazilian green, brown, and red propolis produced by Apis mellifera, their extracts, isolated compounds, and their mode of action. Despite advances in anti-inflammatory therapies, the development of inflammatory processes in several diseases has been a concern for centuries. Demands for new anti-inflammatory drugs have led to studies on propolis products as diet components to treat and prevent inflammatory disorders. Brazilian green, brown, and red propolis are alternatives for obtaining extracts and compounds of valuable anti-inflammatory properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Currently, propolis is a food supplement, and to the best of our knowledge, several studies have shown that despite advances in anti-inflammatory therapies, the inflammatory process continues to be a significant concern. However, due to the demand for new anti-inflammatory drugs, propolis products as dietary components can be used to treat and prevent inflammatory disorders.
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Própole , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Abelhas , Brasil , Suplementos Nutricionais , Própole/farmacologiaRESUMO
Hypovolemia induced by hemorrhage is a common clinical complication, which stimulates vasopressin (AVP) secretion by the neurohypophysis in order to retain body water and maintain blood pressure. To evaluate the role of brain L-glutamate and angiotensin II on AVP secretion induced by hypovolemia we induced hemorrhage (â¼25% of blood volume) after intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of AP5, NBQX, or losartan, which are NMDA, AMPA, and AT1 receptor antagonists, respectively. Hemorrhage significantly increased plasma AVP levels in all groups. The icv injection of AP5 did not change AVP secretion in response to hemorrhage. Conversely, icv administration of both NBQX and losartan significantly decreased plasma AVP levels after hemorrhage. Therefore, the blockade of AMPA and AT1 receptors impaired AVP secretion in response to hemorrhage, suggesting that L-glutamate and angiotensin II acted in these receptors to increase AVP secretion in response to hemorrhage-induced hypovolemia.
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Arginina Vasopressina , Hemorragia , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina , Ácido alfa-Amino-3-hidroxi-5-metil-4-isoxazol Propiônico , Angiotensina II , Animais , Arginina Vasopressina/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea , Injeções Intraventriculares , Masculino , Ratos Wistar , Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina/metabolismoRESUMO
Hypovolemia induced by hemorrhage is a common clinical complication, which stimulates vasopressin (AVP) secretion by the neurohypophysis in order to retain body water and maintain blood pressure. To evaluate the role of brain L-glutamate and angiotensin II on AVP secretion induced by hypovolemia we induced hemorrhage (∼25% of blood volume) after intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of AP5, NBQX, or losartan, which are NMDA, AMPA, and AT1 receptor antagonists, respectively. Hemorrhage significantly increased plasma AVP levels in all groups. The icv injection of AP5 did not change AVP secretion in response to hemorrhage. Conversely, icv administration of both NBQX and losartan significantly decreased plasma AVP levels after hemorrhage. Therefore, the blockade of AMPA and AT1 receptors impaired AVP secretion in response to hemorrhage, suggesting that L-glutamate and angiotensin II acted in these receptors to increase AVP secretion in response to hemorrhage-induced hypovolemia.
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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are among the most common adverse events in hospitals. We used artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for infection surveillance in a cohort study. The model correctly detected 67 out of 73 patients with HAIs. The final model used a multilayer perceptron neural network achieving an area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 90.27%; specificity of 78.86%; sensitivity of 88.57%. Respiratory infections had the best results (AUROC ≥93.47%). The AI algorithm could identify most HAIs. AI is a feasible method for HAI surveillance, has the potential to save time, promote accurate hospital-wide surveillance, and improve infection prevention performance.
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We study site- and bond-percolation on a class of lattices referred to as Lieb lattices. In two dimensions the Lieb lattice (LL) is also known as the decorated square lattice, or as the CuO_{2} lattice; in three dimensions it can be generalized to a layered Lieb lattice or to a perovskite lattice. Emergent electronic phenomena, such as topological states and ferrimagnetism, have been predicted to occur in these systems, which may be realized in optical lattices as well as in solid state. Since the study of the interplay between quantum fluctuations and disorder in these systems requires the availability of accurate estimates of geometrical critical parameters, such as percolation thresholds and correlation length exponents, here we use Monte Carlo simulations to obtain these data for LLs when a site (or bond) is present with probability p. We have found that the thresholds satisfy a mean-field (Bethe lattice) trend, namely that the critical concentration, p_{c}, increases as the average coordination number decreases; our estimates for the correlation length exponent are in line with the expectation that there is no change in the universality class.
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The aim of this research is to verify the yeast species isolated from oral mucosa in street mixed-breed dogs and to determine the antifungal profiles. After capturing and sedating the animals, oral mucosa samples were collected from fifty dogs and the materials were inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol. Forty-three yeast strains were isolated and identified trough the API-20C AUX method. Thirty-seven (86.1%) of the yeasts belonged to genus Candida, five (11.6%) to genus Trichosporon and only one strain (2.3%) to genus Malassezia. The sensitivity profiles to anifungals (amphotericin B, itraconanole, ketoconazole, fluconazole and variconazole) were determined through Etest® method. This study found resistance of some yeasts to amphotericin B and a good susceptibility to voriconazole and ketoconazole. Some of these antifungals are used in veterinary medical practice. This research is the first investigation on street mixed-breed dogs regarding yeast identifications and antifungals profiles.
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Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Cães/microbiologia , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Leveduras/efeitos dos fármacos , Leveduras/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Animais Selvagens , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães/genética , Farmacorresistência Fúngica , Feminino , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Micoses/microbiologia , Micoses/veterináriaRESUMO
Patient-specific computer simulations can be a powerful tool in clinical applications, helping in diagnostics and the development of new treatments. However, its practical use depends on the reliability of the models. The construction of cardiac simulations involves several steps with inherent uncertainties, including model parameters, the generation of personalized geometry and fibre orientation assignment, which are semi-manual processes subject to errors. Thus, it is important to quantify how these uncertainties impact model predictions. The present work performs uncertainty quantification and sensitivity analyses to assess the variability in important quantities of interest (QoI). Clinical quantities are analysed in terms of overall variability and to identify which parameters are the major contributors. The analyses are performed for simulations of the left ventricle function during the entire cardiac cycle. Uncertainties are incorporated in several model parameters, including regional wall thickness, fibre orientation, passive material parameters, active stress and the circulatory model. The results show that the QoI are very sensitive to active stress, wall thickness and fibre direction, where ejection fraction and ventricular torsion are the most impacted outputs. Thus, to improve the precision of models of cardiac mechanics, new methods should be considered to decrease uncertainties associated with geometrical reconstruction, estimation of active stress and of fibre orientation. This article is part of the theme issue 'Uncertainty quantification in cardiac and cardiovascular modelling and simulation'.
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Modelos Cardiovasculares , Incerteza , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Sístole/fisiologiaRESUMO
Taste is a crucial factor that determines the palatability of the oral dosage form and patient compliance. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to evaluate the organoleptic excipients in oral antibiotics for pediatric use marketed in Brazil. METHODS: The information was obtained from the GuidetoPharmacy, a reference for the pharmaceutical trade. The analysis included dosage forms for oral administration and drugs and their combination with antibacterial action. After this survey, we identified the constitution of the flavoring, sweetening, and coloring agents of each medicine. The results are presented in a descriptive form. RESULTS: Twelve drugs or associations are distributed in 70medicines. Oral suspension was the most common pharmaceutical dosage form. Sweeteners were sucrose, sodium saccharin, and sodium cyclamate. All the coloring agents observed are synthetic and the most frequent ones were yellow twilight no. 6, yellow tartrazine no. 5, and red ponceau 4R. The presence of two or more types of flavorings per medicine was observed. CONCLUSION: Antibacterials use coloring agents, flavorings, and sweeteners to facilitate the administration of medicines for children, using up to six different substances per formulation. No natural coloring agent was observed, demonstrating an issue to be explored in the future. It is important to note that, although necessary, these excipients are responsible for a high incidence of allergic reactions in children.
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Antibacterianos/química , Corantes , Excipientes , Aromatizantes , Edulcorantes , Administração Oral , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Brasil , Criança , Humanos , PediatriaRESUMO
NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? Can Na+ depletion mobilize Na+ from the skin reservoir in ovariectomized rats? Does oestrogen replacement change the amount and the dynamics of skin Na+ storage? Is the reduced salt appetite after Na+ depletion in ovariectomized rats with oestrogen replacement related to changes in the skin Na+ ? What is the main finding and its importance? This work demonstrated that acute body Na+ depletion induced by frusemide mobilized the osmotically inactive skin Na+ reservoir to become osmotically active. Oestrogen treatment decreased the induced Na+ intake in ovariectomized rats but did not modulate the inactive Na+ reservoir in control conditions or its mobilization induced by Na+ depletion. ABSTRACT: Oestradiol, which is an important hormone for water and electrolyte balance, also has a role in the inhibition of induced Na+ appetite. Sodium can be stored in the skin in osmotically active or inactive forms, and this skin Na+ reservoir may be involved in the control of body Na+ levels during physiopathological challenges. In this study, we investigated whether the effect of sodium depletion by frusemide can mobilize Na+ from the skin reservoir and whether oestradiol replacement changes or mobilizes the Na+ reserves in the skin. Ovariectomized Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or oestradiol for 7 days to evaluate the effects of oestrogen on the hydroelectrolyte balance, intake responses and skin Na+ and water content in basal conditions. Furthermore, the effects of oestrogen were evaluated after 24 h frusemide-induced whole-body Na+ depletion. Oestradiol-replaced rats exhibited reduced water intake without any significant changes in salt intake, Na+ excretion or water and Na+ skin content in basal conditions. After sodium depletion, both vehicle- and oestradiol-treated rats exhibited an increase in the osmotically active skin Na+ , which was associated with a decrease of the inactive skin Na+ reservoir. Oestrogen decreased the hypertonic saline intake induced by Na+ depletion, but it was not associated with any significant changes in the skin Na+ reservoir. Thus, sodium depletion is able to change the inactive-active skin Na+ reservoir balance. However, the oestrogenic modulation of sodium appetite after Na+ depletion is probably not related to the action of this hormone in the skin Na+ reservoir balance.
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Estradiol/farmacologia , Hiponatremia/induzido quimicamente , Hiponatremia/metabolismo , Pele/metabolismo , Inibidores de Simportadores de Cloreto de Sódio e Potássio/toxicidade , Sódio/deficiência , Animais , Estradiol/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Furosemida/toxicidade , Hiponatremia/tratamento farmacológico , Ovariectomia/efeitos adversos , Ovariectomia/tendências , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloreto de Sódio na Dieta/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Pathogenic variants in known breast cancer (BC) predisposing genes explain only about 30% of Hereditary Breast Cancer (HBC) cases, whereas the underlying genetic factors for most families remain unknown. Here, we used whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify genetic variants associated to HBC in 17 patients of Brazil with familial BC and negative for causal variants in major BC risk genes (BRCA1/2, TP53, and CHEK2 c.1100delC). First, we searched for rare variants in 27 known HBC genes and identified two patients harboring truncating pathogenic variants in ATM and BARD1. For the remaining 15 negative patients, we found a substantial vast number of rare genetic variants. Thus, for selecting the most promising variants we used functional-based variant prioritization, followed by NGS validation, analysis in a control group, cosegregation analysis in one family and comparison with previous WES studies, shrinking our list to 23 novel BC candidate genes, which were evaluated in an independent cohort of 42 high-risk BC patients. Rare and possibly damaging variants were identified in 12 candidate genes in this cohort, including variants in DNA repair genes (ERCC1 and SXL4) and other cancer-related genes (NOTCH2, ERBB2, MST1R, and RAF1). Overall, this is the first WES study applied for identifying novel genes associated to HBC in Brazilian patients, in which we provide a set of putative BC predisposing genes. We also underpin the value of using WES for assessing the complex landscape of HBC susceptibility, especially in less characterized populations.
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The impairment in arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion during sepsis is described in clinical and experimental studies and has been associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, and diminished activation of hypothalamic neurons. Few studies have, however, assessed these abnormalities in sepsis survivors. Here we performed two sets of experiments on Wistar rats that had been subjected to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or nonmanipulated (naive) as control. In the first set, tissues and blood were collected from survivor rats 10 days after CLP to quantify hypothalamic Bcl-2, cleaved caspase- 3 and synaptophysin content, and bacterial load. In the second set, survivor rats were submitted to an acute osmotic stimulus (hypertonic saline), and after 30 minutes the water intake and AVP secretion were analyzed. The sepsis-surviving rats did not show bacterial load in tissues, but their hypothalamic synaptophysin and Bcl-2 levels were decreased, and the cleaved caspase- 3 level was increased when compared with the control group. However, AVP secretion was significantly attenuated in the CLP survivor animals submitted to an acute osmotic stimulus. These results suggest that the persistent AVP impairment in sepsis survivor animals may be due to a hypothalamic dysfunction associated with a synaptic deficit and decreased anti-apoptotic protein expression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Iron (Fe) is an essential microelement for all living organisms playing important roles in several metabolic reactions. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is commonly cultivated in paddy fields, where Fe goes through a reduction reaction from Fe3+ to Fe2+. Since Fe2+ is more soluble, it can reach toxic levels inside plant cells, constituting an important target for studies. Here we aimed to verify morphological changes of different rice genotypes focusing on deciphering the underlying molecular network induced upon Fe excess treatments with special emphasis on the role of four WRKY transcription factors. The transcriptional response peak of these WRKY transcription factors in rice seedlings occurs at 4 days of exposition to iron excess. OsWRKY55-like, OsWRKY46, OsWRKY64, and OsWRKY113 are up-regulated in BR IRGA 409, an iron-sensitive genotype, while in cultivars Nipponbare (moderately resistant) and EPAGRI 108 (resistant) the expression profiles of these transcription factors show similar behaviors. Here is also shown that some cis-regulatory elements known to be involved in other different stress responses can be linked to conditions of iron excess. Overall, here we support the role of WRKY transcription factors in iron stress tolerance with other important steps toward finding why some rice genotypes are more tolerant than others.
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Ferro/metabolismo , Oryza/genética , Fenótipo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Genoma de Planta , Ferro/toxicidade , Oryza/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Non-native insect pests are often responsible for important damage to native and agricultural plant hosts. Since Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) has become an important pest in North America and Europe (i.e., in 2008), the global production of soft thin-skinned fruits has faced severe production losses. In the southern Neotropical region, however, the first record of D. suzukii occurred in 2013 in the south of Brazil. It has also been recorded in Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile. Despite its recent occurrence in the southern Neotropical region, the fast dispersion of D. suzukii has inspired local research efforts in an attempt to mitigate the consequences of this insect pest invasion. In this forum, we explore the current status of D. suzukii in southern Neotropical regions, discussing its future perspectives. Additionally, we attempt to draft activities and a research agenda that may help to mitigate the losses caused by D. suzukii in native and commercial soft-skinned fruits produced in this region. Currently, D. suzukii appears to be well established in the south of Brazil, but considering the entire southern Neotropical region, the invasion panorama is still underinvestigated. The lack of studies and regulatory actions against D. suzukii has contributed to the invasion success of this species in this region. Considering several peculiarities of both the pest biology and the environmental of this region, the authors advocate for the need of intensive and integrative studies toward the development and implementation of area-wide integrated pest management programs against D. suzukii in the southern Neotropical region.
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Produtos Agrícolas , Drosophila/fisiologia , Controle de Insetos/métodos , Animais , Brasil , Drosophila/classificação , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Exercise under hypoxic conditions represents an additional stress in relation to exercise in normoxia. Hypoxia induces oxidative stress and inflammation as mediated through tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α release that might be exacerbated through exercise. In addition, vitamin E supplementation might attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from hypoxia during exercise. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin E supplementation (250 mg) on inflammatory parameters and cellular damage after exercise under hypoxia simulating an altitude of 4200 m. METHODS: Nine volunteers performed three sessions of 60 min of exercise (70% maximal oxygen uptake) interspersed for 1 week under normoxia, hypoxia and hypoxia after vitamin E supplementation 1 h before exercise. Blood was collected before, immediately after and at 1 h after exercise to measure inflammatory parameters and cell damage. RESULTS: Percentage oxygen saturation of haemoglobin decreased after exercise and recovered 1 h later in the hypoxia + vitamin condition (P < 0.05). Supplementation decreased creatine kinase (CK)-TOTAL, CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase 1 h after exercise (P < 0.05). The exercise in hypoxia increased interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-α, IL-1ra and IL-10 immediately after exercise (P < 0.05). Supplementation reversed the changes observed after exercise in hypoxia without supplementation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that 250 mg of vitamin E supplementation at 1 h before exercise reduces cell damage markers after exercise in hypoxia and changes the concentration of cytokines, suggesting a possible protective effect against inflammation induced by hypoxia during exercise.
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Doença da Altitude/fisiopatologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Suplementos Nutricionais , Exercício Físico , Miosite/prevenção & controle , Estresse Oxidativo , Vitamina E/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Câmaras de Exposição Atmosférica , Biomarcadores/sangue , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/imunologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiopatologia , Miosite/etiologia , Miosite/imunologia , Consumo de Oxigênio , Corrida , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Esportiva , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Premenopausal women are known to show lower incidence of cardiovascular disease than men. During myocardial infarction (MI), homeostatic responses are activated, including the sympathetic autonomic nervous system and the rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is related to the fluid and electrolyte balance, both aiming to maintain cardiac output. This study sought to perform a serial evaluation of sexual dimorphism in cardiac autonomic control and fluid and electrolyte balance during the development of MI-induced heart failure in rats. Experimental MI was induced in male (M) and female (F) adult (7-9 weeks of age) Wistar rats. The animals were placed in metabolic cages to assess fluid intake and urine volume 1 and 4 weeks after inducing MI (male myocardial infarction (MMI) and female myocardial infarction (FMI) groups). They subsequently underwent echocardiographic evaluation and spectral analysis of heart rate variability. After completing each protocol, the animals were killed for postmortem evaluation and histology. The MMI group showed earlier and more intense cardiac morphological and functional changes than the FMI group, although the extent of MI did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). The MMI group showed higher sympathetic modulation and sodium and water retention than the FMI group (P < 0.05), which may partly explain both the echocardiographic and pathological findings. Females subjected to infarction seem to show attenuation of sympathetic modulation, more favourable fluid and electrolyte balances, and better preserved cardiac function compared to males subjected to the same infarction model.
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Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Líquidos Corporais/metabolismo , Eletrólitos/metabolismo , Coração/fisiopatologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/fisiopatologia , Caracteres Sexuais , Animais , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Masculino , Infarto do Miocárdio/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Heart failure is a major and costly problem in public health, which, in certain cases, may lead to death. The failing heart undergo a series of electrical and structural changes that provide the underlying basis for disturbances like arrhythmias. Computer models of coupled electrical and mechanical activities of the heart can be used to advance our understanding of the complex feedback mechanisms involved. In this context, there is a lack of studies that consider heart failure remodeling using strongly coupled electromechanics. We present a strongly coupled electromechanical model to study the effects of deformation on a human left ventricle wedge considering normal and hypertrophic heart failure conditions. We demonstrate through a series of simulations that when a strongly coupled electromechanical model is used, deformation results in the thickening of the ventricular wall that in turn increases transmural dispersion of repolarization. These effects were analyzed in both normal and failing heart conditions. We also present transmural electrograms obtained from these simulations. Our results suggest that the waveform of electrograms, particularly the T-wave, is influenced by cardiac contraction on both normal and pathological conditions.
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Acoplamento Excitação-Contração , Sistema de Condução Cardíaco/fisiopatologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Contração Miocárdica , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Animais , Simulação por Computador , Módulo de Elasticidade , Insuficiência Cardíaca/complicações , Humanos , Mecanotransdução Celular , Estresse Mecânico , Disfunção Ventricular Esquerda/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of early deaths associated with birth asphyxia of very low birth weight infants between 2005 and 2010, in Brazil. STUDY DESIGN: This population study enrolled all live births with birth weight from 400 to 1499 g, gestational age ⩾ 22 weeks, without malformations that died up to 6 days after birth with perinatal asphyxia. Asphyxia was defined if intrauterine hypoxia, asphyxia at birth or meconium aspiration syndrome were written in any line of the death certificate. Active search was carried out in 27 Brazilian federative units. RESULT: For every 1000 live births of very low birth weight infants without congenital malformations, 40.25 and 32.38 died with birth asphyxia in the first week after birth, respectively, in 2005 and 2010 (P<0.001). The contribution of birth asphyxia to early neonatal death of these infants was approximately 10 to 12% all study years. CONCLUSION: Reduction of birth asphyxia in very low birth weight infants is essential to reducing neonatal mortality in Brazil.
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Asfixia Neonatal/mortalidade , Causas de Morte , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Mortalidade Perinatal/tendências , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
A retrospective space-time permutation model with non-Euclidean distance criteria was applied within a high-complexity hospital setting to quantitatively explore cluster patterns of 273 patients infected with or colonized by carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae during 4 years. Results were compared to standard nosocomial active-surveillance methods. Two clusters were identified in the period, suggesting that space-time strategies for cluster quantification within confined environments may be useful.
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Surtos de Doenças , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Modelos Estatísticos , Vigilância da População/métodos , Proteínas de Bactérias/biossíntese , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Portador Sadio/diagnóstico , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecção Hospitalar/diagnóstico , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Infecções por Klebsiella/diagnóstico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise Espaço-Temporal , beta-Lactamases/biossíntese , beta-Lactamases/genéticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Intronic thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor polymorphisms have been associated with the risk for both Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy, but results have been inconsistent among different populations. We aimed to investigate the influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor intronic polymorphisms in a large well-characterized population of GD patients. METHODS: We studied 279 Graves' disease patients (231 females and 48 males, 39.80 ± 11.69 years old), including 144 with Graves' ophthalmopathy, matched to 296 healthy control individuals. Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor genotypes of rs179247 and rs12885526 were determined by Real Time PCR TaqMan(®) SNP Genotyping. RESULTS: A multivariate analysis showed that the inheritance of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor AA genotype for rs179247 increased the risk for Graves' disease (OR = 2.821; 95 % CI 1.595-4.990; p = 0.0004), whereas the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor GG genotype for rs12885526 increased the risk for Graves' ophthalmopathy (OR = 2.940; 95 % CI 1.320-6.548; p = 0.0083). Individuals with Graves' ophthalmopathy also presented lower mean thyrotropin receptor antibodies levels (96.3 ± 143.9 U/L) than individuals without Graves' ophthalmopathy (98.3 ± 201.9 U/L). We did not find any association between the investigated polymorphisms and patients clinical features or outcome. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor intronic polymorphisms are associated with the susceptibility to Graves' disease and Graves' ophthalmopathy in the Brazilian population, but do not appear to influence the disease course.