RESUMO
PURPOSE: Evaluate the differences between surgical techniques in the modifications of body composition and the interference in skeletal muscle health, risk of sarcopenia, and reduced physical performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional prospective study. A total of 71 patients, who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Both groups underwent anthropometric, laboratory analysis, body composition assessment, presence of sarcopenia, and physical performance tests. RESULTS: The study found a higher percentage of weight loss and lower BMI in RYGB compared to SG. The other assessments of sarcopenia and physical performance showed similarity between the surgical models. Baumgartner index (7.9 kg/m2 vs. 7.3 kg/m2), FNIH (9.0 vs. 3.0), handgrip strength (27.3 kg vs. 25.2 kg), and SPPB (9.5 vs. 9.3). Leptin in the general SG group was higher than in RYGB (14.2 ng/ml vs. 8.0 ng/ml). CONCLUSION: RYGB and SG have a similar presence of sarcopenia and physical performance. However, SG allows greater preservation of bone and muscle mass and is associated with higher values of leptin, which may represent protection from long-term postoperative complications.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Derivação Gástrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Leptina , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Estudos Transversais , Força da Mão , Estudos Prospectivos , Gastrectomia/métodos , Composição Corporal , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Objective: Cocaine use disorders (CUDs) represent a major public health problem in many countries. To better understand the interaction between the environmental modulations and phenotype, the aim of the present study was to investigate the DNA methylation pattern of CUD patients, who had concomitant cocaine and crack dependence, and healthy controls. Methods: We studied DNA methylation profiles in the peripheral blood of 23 CUD patients and 24 healthy control subjects using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays. Results: Comparison between CUD patients and controls revealed 186 differentially methylated positions (DMPs; adjusted p-value [adjP] < 10-5) related to 152 genes, with a subset of CpGs confirmed by pyrosequencing. DNA methylation patterns discriminated CUD patients and control groups. A gene network approach showed that the EHMT1, EHMT2, MAPK1, MAPK3, MAP2K1, and HDAC5 genes, which are involved in transcription and chromatin regulation cellular signaling pathways, were also associated with cocaine dependence. Conclusion: The investigation of DNA methylation patterns may contribute to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in CUD.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Cocaína Crack , Metilação de DNA , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/genética , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/sangue , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Modelos Lineares , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , MAP Quinase Quinase 1/genética , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Histona Desacetilases/genéticaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Cocaine use disorders (CUDs) represent a major public health problem in many countries. To better understand the interaction between the environmental modulations and phenotype, the aim of the present study was to investigate the DNA methylation pattern of CUD patients, who had concomitant cocaine and crack dependence, and healthy controls. METHODS: We studied DNA methylation profiles in the peripheral blood of 23 CUD patients and 24 healthy control subjects using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip arrays. RESULTS: Comparison between CUD patients and controls revealed 186 differentially methylated positions (DMPs; adjusted p-value [adjP] < 10-5) related to 152 genes, with a subset of CpGs confirmed by pyrosequencing. DNA methylation patterns discriminated CUD patients and control groups. A gene network approach showed that the EHMT1, EHMT2, MAPK1, MAPK3, MAP2K1, and HDAC5 genes, which are involved in transcription and chromatin regulation cellular signaling pathways, were also associated with cocaine dependence. CONCLUSION: The investigation of DNA methylation patterns may contribute to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in CUD.
Assuntos
Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/sangue , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Cocaína/genética , Cocaína Crack , Metilação de DNA , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade/genética , Histona Desacetilases/genética , Histona-Lisina N-Metiltransferase/genética , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , MAP Quinase Quinase 1/genética , Masculino , Proteína Quinase 1 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Proteína Quinase 3 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Arctium lappa L. is used in folk medicine as a diuretic, depurative and digestive stimulant and in dermatological conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect and the possible mechanisms involved in the gastroprotective effects of a chloroform extract (CE) of the roots from A. lappa and its fractions. Oral pretreatment with CE (10, 30 and 100 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced gastric lesions induced by ethanol by 61%, 70% and 76%, respectively. Oral administration of CE (100 mg kg(-1) per day for 7 days) reduced the chronic gastric ulceration induced by acetic acid by 52%. Intraduodenal CE (100, 300 and 600 mg kg(-1)) reduced the total acidity of gastric secretion by 22%, 22% and 33%, respectively, while i.p. administration (10, 30 and 100 mg kg(-1)) inhibited total acidity by 50%, 60% and 67%, respectively. In-vitro, CE inhibited H+, K+ -ATPase activity with an EC50 of 53 microgmL(-1) and fraction A (30 and 100 microgmL(-1)) reduced this by 48% and 89%, respectively. CE had no effect on gastrointestinal motility. CE (250 microgmL(-1)) and fraction B (100 and 250 microgmL(-1)) had free-radical scavenging ability, inhibiting 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical activity by 50%, 20% and 55%, respectively. Collectively, the results show that the CE protects animals from gastric lesions by reducing gastric acid secretion via inhibition of gastric H+, K+ -ATPase.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Arctium/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Animais , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/administração & dosagem , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Mucosa Gástrica/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Motilidade Gastrointestinal/efeitos dos fármacos , Medicina Tradicional , Camundongos , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Raízes de Plantas , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The objective of this work was to evaluate the acaricide action of neem extract formulated as a pomatum in the treatment of acariasis in mice (Mus musculus var. albina L.) naturally infected by Myobia musculi Schranck and Myocoptes musculinus Koch. Twenty parasitized animals were chosen and distributed in four groups: control (vaseline), 5%, 10% and 20% of neem. The animals were treated at 48h intervals and maintained in cages with food and water ad libitum and accompanied daily for 24 days. There was a decrease in the mean number of mites recovered after 96h with 5% of neem when compared to de others concentrations (P < 0.05). From 120h on, the concentrations of 10% and 20% were also efficient and differed statistically from the control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01; respectively). From 168h on, the animals treated with neem concentrations of 10% and 20% showed significant results (P < 0.01). The animals exhibit signs of hair recuperation and the mites were not observed anymore. After 216h, the hair was completely recovered and the animals remained free of the infestation in the concentrations of 10% and 20%. The neem pomatum showed acaricide action in the concentrations of 10% and 20% for mice and when used as a topical remedy, had good phlogistic and cicatrizing activity and showed no side effects.