RESUMO
Background: This will be a before-and-after study nested within a randomized clinical trial. Its objective will be to analyze the effectiveness of a teleconsultation and validate a questionnaire for performing teletriage in dental urgency/emergency situations in children aged 3 to 13, whose parents will have signed a free and informed consent form, and who have had full access to the internet. Methods: The Questionnaire for Teletriage of Emergencies and Urgencies in Pediatric Dentistry (QuesT-Odontoped)-will be validated by applying it to 140 randomized child parents/guardians. After validation, another 260 children seeking emergency dental care in the municipality of Carangola, Minas Gerais, Brazil, will receive a remote consultation, be randomized, and then allocated into two groups: G1, teleconsultation, and G2, teleconsultation and face-to-face consultation (immediately after the former) with a blinded evaluator, involving anamnesis and conventional clinical examination. The G2 sample will be used in the before-after study. Both groups will be followed-up for 7 and 14 days using pain and quality-of-life scales, applied at baseline and after each follow-up period. Clinical follow-up will be carried out after 12 and 24 months to assess the outcome of the tooth that had been indicated for treatment in the teletriage. The Mann-Whitney test will be used to assess pain; Student's t test or the Mann-Whitney test will be used to assess quality of life and the number of missing teeth after 24 months; and Poisson's regression analysis will be used to assess the influence of other variables. The significance level will be set at 5%. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study expects to confirm the hypothesis that remote urgency consultation (teletriage), through a validated questionnaire, will be able to define the planning of the clinical situation, reducing the chance of displacements and progression of infection, helping to eliminate patient pain and discomfort.
Assuntos
Consulta Remota , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente , Emergências , Feminino , Masculino , Brasil , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
A previous study demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD), administered for one-three-days, induces hypothalamic inflammation before obesity's established, and the long term affects leptin signaling/action due to inflammation. We investigate whether exposure to particulate matter of a diameter of ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) in mice fed with a chow diet leads to similar metabolic effects caused by high-fat feeding. Compared to the filtered air group (FA), one-day-exposure-PM2.5 did not affect adiposity. However, five-days-exposure-PM2.5 increased hypothalamic microglia density, toll-like-receptor-4 (Tlr4), and the inhibitor-NF-kappa-B-kinase-epsilon (Ikbke) expression. Concurrently, fat mass, food intake (FI), and ucp1 expression in brown adipose tissue were also increased. Besides, decreased hypothalamic STAT3-phosphorylation and Pomc expression were found after twelve-weeks-exposure-PM2.5. These were accompanied by increased FI and lower energy expenditure (EE), leading to obesity, along with increased leptin and insulin levels and HOMA. Mechanistically, the deletion of Tlr4 or knockdown of the Ikbke gene in the hypothalamus was sufficient to reverse the metabolic outcomes of twelve-weeks-exposure-PM2.5. These data demonstrated that short-term exposure-PM2.5 increases hypothalamic inflammation, similar to a HFD. Long-term exposure-PM2.5 is even worse, leading to leptin resistance, hyperphagia, and decreased EE. These effects are most likely due to chronic hypothalamic inflammation, which is regulated by Tlr4 and Ikbke signaling.
Assuntos
Poluição do Ar/efeitos adversos , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/patologia , Inflamação/etiologia , Leptina/metabolismo , Microglia/patologia , Obesidade/etiologia , Material Particulado/efeitos adversos , Adipócitos Marrons/metabolismo , Animais , Metabolismo Energético/efeitos dos fármacos , Expressão Gênica , Hiperfagia/etiologia , Hipotálamo/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinase I-kappa B/genética , Quinase I-kappa B/metabolismo , Inflamação/genética , Camundongos Transgênicos , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Obesidade/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Proteína Desacopladora 1/genética , Proteína Desacopladora 1/metabolismoRESUMO
A cladistic analysis of the Tegulinae (Turbinidae) is presented using 132 morphological characters and 41 taxa. Tegulinae is recovered and is sister to Prisogaster niger (Prisogasterinae) within the family Turbinidae. This scenario, with Tegulinae as a subfamily within Turbinidae, corroborates with the most molecular analyses. Tegulinae comprises >40 extant species, belonging to eight genera. Morphological studies have not resolved the placement of Tegulinae within Trochoidea sufficiently, and the systematic positions of the genera have never been investigated as a primary objective. The present morphology-based analysis of genus-level relationships within Tegulinae provides a robust, phylogenetic diagnosis of each group, rooted on a firm hypothesis of evolutionary relationships. An additional search was performed to include the tegulines Omphalius nigerrimus and Carolesia blakei terminals using unweighted and implied weighting. Our morphological data provide a solid foundation for ensuing systematic research on Tegulinae, as well as Trochoidea, and evidence facilitating the diagnosis of generic and suprageneric groups.
RESUMO
Mania is characterized by elevated drive and mood but animal models of mania have often neglected elevated mood. Ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) of 50-kHz emitted by rats are thought to index the subject's positive affective state. Fifty-kHz USV emission is increased by amphetamine, an effect blocked by lithium administration. Sleep deprivation (SD) is an environmental model of mania and the present study evaluated SD effects on behavioral activity and USV emission, together with the impact of lithium treatment. Adult rats were submitted to 24h or 72h SD, and locomotor activity and USV emission were assessed. To test their sensitivity to a standard antimanic drug, these behavioral parameters were also evaluated after acute administration of lithium carbonate (25, 50 or 100â¯mg/kg, i.p.). Striatal monoamine content was measured post-mortem. SD (24h and 72h) led to increased locomotor activity, rearing behavior and 50-kHz USV emission, together with a change in the call profile characterized by an increase in the percentage of frequency-modulated 50-kHz USV, which may indicate the mania-like consequences of SD. Importantly, all SD effects were reverted by lithium administration. SD also led to a decrease in dopamine content in the ventral striatum, while increasing dopamine turnover. In conclusion, SD increased 50-kHz USV emission, an effect prevented by acute lithium administration. This suggests 50-kHz USV as a new marker for mania-like elevated mood, which shows construct validity (associated with increased dopaminergic tone), face validity (reflecting increased positive affect) and predictive validity (high sensitivity to lithium treatment).
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/etiologia , Privação do Sono/complicações , Vocalização Animal/fisiologia , Animais , Antimaníacos/uso terapêutico , Monoaminas Biogênicas/metabolismo , Transtorno Bipolar/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Carbonato de Lítio/farmacologia , Locomoção/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Comportamento Materno/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Estriado Ventral/efeitos dos fármacos , Estriado Ventral/metabolismoRESUMO
Due to the high incidence and severity of obesity and its related disorders, it is highly desirable to develop new strategies to treat or even to prevent its development. We have previously described that Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) improved insulin resistance and reduced body weight gain of obese rats. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the effect of GbE on both inflammatory cascade and insulin signaling in retroperitoneal fat depot of diet-induced obese rats. Rats were fed with high fat diet for 2 months and thereafter treated for 14 days with 500 mg/kg of GbE. Rats were then euthanized and samples from retroperitoneal fat depot were used for western blotting, RT-PCR, and ELISA experiments. The GbE treatment promoted a significant reduction on both food/energy intake and body weight gain in comparison to the nontreated obese rats. In addition, a significant increase of both Adipo R1 and IL-10 gene expressions and IR and Akt phosphorylation was also observed, while NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced. Our data suggest that GbE might have potential as a therapy to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases, with special interest to treat obese subjects resistant to adhere to a nutritional education program.
Assuntos
Ginkgo biloba/química , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Insulina/metabolismo , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/patologia , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/química , Animais , Peso Corporal , Dietoterapia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ingestão de Energia , Resistência à Insulina , Gordura Intra-Abdominal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Fosforilação , Fitoterapia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Anatomical data on Solariella obscura (Couthouy, 1838) are presented and analyzed. The main features of this species, when compared with other known trochoids, are: ctenidium with thick lamellae; enlarged ureter (that may indicate sexual dimorphism) instead of a modified urogenital papilla; odontophore very different from other trochoids such as Calliostoma, Agathistoma, Monodonta, and Gaza, with short m6, large mj and m4 pairs and absent m8 pair and posterior cartilages; esophageal valve surrounding the odontophore ventrally; anterior and mid-esophagus composed of several thin folds and a very wide cerebral ganglion. Solariella obscura differs from Solariella varicosa (Mighels & Adams, 1842) by having lower spire, spiral cords weaker on the base and axial rib oblique. There are no differences between S. obscura and S. varicosa in the external morphology and radula. These internal anatomical data are described for the first time for a solariellid and might improve our understanding of the relationships within this taxon.
Assuntos
Animais , Classificação , Estados Unidos , Gastrópodes , América do Norte , Distribuição Animal , MoluscosRESUMO
Anatomical data on Solariella obscura (Couthouy, 1838) are presented and analyzed. The main features of this species, when compared with other known trochoids, are: ctenidium with thick lamellae; enlarged ureter (that may indicate sexual dimorphism) instead of a modified urogenital papilla; odontophore very different from other trochoids such as Calliostoma, Agathistoma, Monodonta, and Gaza, with short m6, large mj and m4 pairs and absent m8 pair and posterior cartilages; esophageal valve surrounding the odontophore ventrally; anterior and mid-esophagus composed of several thin folds and a very wide cerebral ganglion. Solariella obscura differs from Solariella varicosa (Mighels & Adams, 1842) by having lower spire, spiral cords weaker on the base and axial rib oblique. There are no differences between S. obscura and S. varicosa in the external morphology and radula. These internal anatomical data are described for the first time for a solariellid and might improve our understanding of the relationships within this taxon. (AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gastrópodes , Classificação , Estados Unidos , América do Norte , Moluscos , Distribuição AnimalRESUMO
Anna capixaba, a new species found in depths of 45-60 m off the coast of the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, is herein described. The new species is mainly characterized by a teleoconch of 4.5 whorls, weakly demarcated from the protoconch; sculptured by rounded, prominent, narrowly-separated, spiral threads; outer lip with 5-6 teeth, posterior tooth stronger; columella with two plicae, smooth.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Moluscos/classificação , Classificação , Exoesqueleto/anatomia & histologia , BrasilRESUMO
Anna capixaba, a new species found in depths of 45-60 m off the coast of the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil, is herein described. The new species is mainly characterized by a teleoconch of 4.5 whorls, weakly demarcated from the protoconch; sculptured by rounded, prominent, narrowly-separated, spiral threads; outer lip with 5-6 teeth, posterior tooth stronger; columella with two plicae, smooth.
Assuntos
Animais , Classificação , Exoesqueleto/anatomia & histologia , Moluscos/classificação , BrasilRESUMO
Few studies have investigated liver gluconeogenesis in cancer and there is no agreement as to whether the activity of this pathway is increased or decreased in this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate gluconeogenesis from alanine, pyruvate and glycerol, and related metabolic parameters in perfused liver from Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats on days 5 (WK5 group), 8 (WK8 group) and 12 (WK12 group) of tumour development. There was reduction (P < 0.05) of liver glucose production from alanine and pyruvate in WK5, WK8 and WK12 groups, which was accompanied by a decrease (P < 0.05) in oxygen consumption. Moreover, there was higher (P < 0.05) pyruvate and lactate production from alanine in the WK5 group and a marked reduction (P < 0.05) of pyruvate and urea production from alanine in the WK12 group. In addition, liver glucose production and oxygen consumption from glycerol were not reduced in WK5, WK8 and WK12 groups. Thus the, the results show inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis from alanine and pyruvate, but not from glycerol, on days 5, 8 and 12 of Walker-256 tumour development, which can be attributed to the metabolic step in which the substrate enters the gluconeogenic pathway.
Assuntos
Carcinoma 256 de Walker/metabolismo , Gluconeogênese , Glucose/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/metabolismo , Alanina/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , Proliferação de Células , Glicerol/metabolismo , Masculino , Consumo de Oxigênio , Perfusão , Ácido Pirúvico/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologia , Fatores de Tempo , Carga Tumoral , Ureia/metabolismoRESUMO
Calliostoma tupinamba isa new species from Southeastern Brazil, ranging from southern Rio de Janeiro to northern São Paulo, and found only on coastal islands, on rocks and sessile invertebrates at 3 to 5 meters of depth. Shell and soft part morphology is described here in detail. Calliostoma tupinamba is mainly characterized by a depressed trochoid shell; eight slightly convex whorls; a sharply suprasutural carina starting on the third whorl and forming a peripheral rounded keel; and a whitish, funnel-shaped and deep umbilicus, measuring about 5%-10% of maximum shell width. Calliostoma tupinamba resembles Calliostoma bullisi Clench & Turner, 1960 in shape, but differs from it in being taller and wider, having a smaller umbilicus and lacking a strong and large innermost spiral cord at its base. Finally, an identification key of Brazilian Calliostoma species is presented.