RESUMO
Although ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mortality decreased with the progress of reperfusion, the incidence of hospital complications has not changed. We aimed to describe the incidence of STEMI complications in the coronary unit, the timing of their occurrence and to identify their predisposing and protective factors. This is a prospective analysis of all consecutive patients with STEMI admitted to a coronary care unit of a third level reference hospital from September 2017 to March 2020. Of the 263 STEMI, 124 developed complications (47.2%), and the most frequent was heart failure. In the multivariate analysis, preadmission cardiac arrest (CA) (OR: 9.8; CI: 1.2-81.9; p = 0.03), left ventricular ejection fraction (Fey VI) < 40% (OR: 2.3 CI: 1.3-3.9; p = 0.004) and age > 68 years (OR: 2.2; CI: 1.2-4.0; p = 0.01) were predictors of complications. Successful reperfusion (OR: 0.2 CI: 0.005-0.7; p = 0.02) and the presentation of Killip and Kimball (KK) A (OR: 0.0002 CI: 0.00001-0.003; p = < 0.00001) were protective factors. Most complications occurred on the first day (88.7%) and in all but one patient within the first 48 hours. Acute complications of STEMI occurred very frequently and the most prevalent was heart failure. KKA and successful reperfusion are low risks predictors, while 6 out of 10 patients with Fey VI < 40%, Cardiac arrest before admission or age >68 years suffered an event. Almost all complications happened within the first 48 hours.
Aunque la mortalidad del infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (IAMCEST) ha disminuido con el progreso de la reperfusión, la incidencia de sus complicaciones no ha cambiado. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la incidencia de las complicaciones hospitalarias del IAMCEST, su cronología de aparición e identificar sus predictores. Se realizó un análisis prospectivo de todos los pacientes consecutivos con IAMCEST ingresados en una unidad coronaria de un Hospital público de la ciudad de Buenos Aires desde septiembre de 2017 a marzo de 2020. De 263 pacientes con IAMCEST, el 47.2% (124) presentó complicaciones siendo la insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) la más frecuente. El paro cardiaco previo al ingreso (PCR) (OR: 9.8; IC: 1.2-81.9; p = 0.03), la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (Fey VI) < del 40% (OR: 2.3 IC: 1.3-3.9; p = 0.004) y la edad > de 68 años (OR: 2.2; IC: 1.2-4,0; p = 0.01) fueron sus predictores. La reperfusión exitosa (OR: 0.2 IC: 0.005-0.7; p = 0.02) y la presentación de Killip y Kimball (KK) A (OR: 0.0002 IC: 0.00001-0.003; p = < 0.00001) fueron factores protectores. El 88.7% (110) se complicó el primer día de internación y todos (con excepción de un solo paciente) dentro de las 48 horas. Las complicaciones post IAMCEST son muy frecuentes, suceden dentro de los primeros dos días de internación y la IC es la más prevalente. Detectamos un grupo con menor riesgo que podría tener una internación abreviada de solo 48 horas.
Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Idoso , Hospitais , Humanos , Incidência , Infarto do Miocárdio/complicações , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Volume SistólicoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The effects of an early and prolonged lockdown during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cardiovascular intensive care units (CICUs) are not well established. OBJECTIVES: This study analyses patterns of admission, mortality and performance indicators in a CICU before and during the Argentine lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This is a retrospective observational cross-sectional study of all consecutive patients aged 18 years or more admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit at a high-volume reference hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina, comparing hospitalization rates, primary causes of admission, inpatient utilization indicators, pharmacy supplies' expenditures and in-hospital mortality between 5 March and 31 July 2020, with two corresponding control periods in 2019 and 2018. RESULTS: We included 722 female patients [mean age of 61.6 (SD 15.5) years; 237 (32.8%)]. Overall hospitalizations dropped 53.2% (95%CI: 45.3, 61.0%), from 295.5 patients/year over the periods 2018/2019 to 137 patients in 2020. Cardiovascular disease-related admissions dropped 59.9%, while admission for non-cardiac causes doubled its prevalence from 9.6% over the periods 2018/2019 to 22.6% in the study period (P < 0.001).In the period 2020, the bed occupancy rate fell from 82.2% to 77.4%, and the bed turnover rate dropped 50% from 7.88 to 3.91 monthly discharges/bed. The average length of stay doubled from 3.26 to 6.75 days, and the turnover interval increased from 3.8 to 8.39 days in 2020.Pharmacy supplies' expenditures per discharge increased 134% along with a rise in antibiotics usage from 6.5 to 11.4 vials/ampoules per discharge (P < 0.02).Overall mortality increased from 7% (n = 41) to 13.9% (n = 19) (P = 0.008) at the expense of non-cardiac-related admissions (3.6-19.4%, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: This study found a significant reduction in overall and cardiovascular disease-related causes of admission to the cardiac intensive care unit, worse performance indicators and increased in-hospital mortality along the first 5 months of the early and long-lasting COVID-19 lockdown in Argentina. These results highlight the need to foster public awareness concerning the risks of avoiding hospital attendance. Moreover, health systems should follow strict screening protocols to prevent potential biases in the admission of patients with critical conditions unrelated to the COVID-19 pandemic.