RESUMO
A prevalence study was conducted to survey tick larvae populations in Puerto Rico (PR), compare the number of infested sites with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus larvae between the wet and dry season, and assess the associations of ecologic factors on the presence of R. microplus larvae. Ninety-six sites were selected using a GIS-based sampling method. Each site was sampled twice; the first sampling was performed during the dry season (March 4-18, 2007) and the second sampling during the wet season (August 13-26, 2007). Sites were sampled using a tick drag with a 1-m(2) white flannel cloth along a 50-m straight course. Only 2 tick species were identified. In the dry season, 15 sites (0.16, 95 % CI = 0.09-0.24) were identified with R. microplus larvae (n = 606) and 9 sites (0.09, 95 % CI = 0.04-0.17) with Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens larvae (n = 779), whereas in the wet season 5 sites (0.05, 95 % CI = 0.02-0.12) were identified with R. microplus (n = 94), and 5 sites (0.05 %, 95 % CI = 0.02-0.12) with D. nitens (n = 275). Difference in the number of infested sites with R. microplus was significant (P = 0.031) between the 2 seasons. Factors associated with the presence of R. microplus larvae in PR were wind speed of >4.0 km/h (OR = 0.07, 95 % CI = 0.01-0.63), more than 25 % bushes and shrubs on the site (OR = 11, 95 % CI = 1.6-71), and presence of cattle on the site (OR = 26, 95 % CI = 3.4-188).
Assuntos
Meio Ambiente , Rhipicephalus , Animais , Bovinos , Geografia , Larva , Modelos Logísticos , Densidade Demográfica , Porto Rico , Estações do AnoRESUMO
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of amenorrhea 12 months after treatment with a third-generation thermal uterine balloon therapy (UBT) system. Secondary objectives were to compare the incidence of amenorrhea observed with this third-generation system with that of a first-generation system, to estimate the effect of postprocedure curettage on patient outcome, and to evaluate the workings of this new system. DESIGN: Multicenter, controlled study (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING: Thirteen hospitals: 12 in the United States and 1 in Mexico. PATIENTS: Two hundred fifty premenopausal women aged 30 years or older with menorrhagia not responsive to previous medical therapy for at least 3 months. INTERVENTION: After treatment with a third-generation thermal UBT system, patients were randomly assigned to receive postprocedure curettage or no further treatment. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The rate of amenorrhea 12 months after treatment with the third-generation thermal UBT system was similar in patients receiving postprocedure curettage (33.3%) and those receiving no further treatment (37.1%; p=.53). In addition, postprocedure curettage did not have any significant effect on any other patient outcome, for example, pain. Patients who were matched to historic control patients treated with the original first-generation system demonstrated a significantly greater success rate (amenorrhea) at 12 months (32.6%) compared with those treated with the first-generation system (13.7%). The third-generation thermal UBT instrument functioned as designed, with no unanticipated adverse device effects. CONCLUSION: The third-generation thermal UBT system shows greater efficacy in producing amenorrhea than the original first-generation system, with no significant safety issues. Postprocedural curettage did not alter amennorhea rates.