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O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a influência da suplementação oral de glutamina sobre a performance física de nadadores de meio-fundo e fundo. Foram selecionados 10 atletas do sexo masculino, idade entre 13 e 18 anos, especialistas em provas de natação de 400 e/ou 800 metros. Os nadadores foram divididos em dois grupos, grupo placebo com cinco nadadores, que ingeriram 5 g/dia de amido de milho, e grupo glutamina com cinco nadadores, que ingeriram 5g/dia de glutamina, durante 30 dias. Os testes ocorreram antes e depois da intervenção, que se constituíram em testes de 800 m e limiar anaeróbio, nado crawl. Para comparação dos resultados foi realizado o teste t para dados pareados. Não ocorreram diferenças significantes na tempo dos testes de 800 m e do limiar anaeróbio, nos dois grupos. Os resultados sugerem que a suplementação oral de glutamina realizada não influenciou na performance de nadadores de meio-fundo e fundo

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of oral glutamine supplement on exercise performance in endurance swimmers. Ten male swimmers, 13 to 18 years of age, all specialized in 400­m and/or 800­m distances, participated in this investigation. The athletes were divided in two groups, placebo group with five swimmers, that ingested 5/day of corn starch, and glutamine group with five swimers that ingested 5/day of glutamine. The swimmers received the intervention for 30 days. The exercise performance measures (800­m time trial and anaerobic threshold, crawl technique) were obtained before and after the intervention. To compare results paired t test was used and value p≤ 0.05. There weren’t significant differences in the results of 800­m time trial and anaerobic threshold, in both groups. These data suggest that this oral glutamine supplementation dose didn’t influence exercise performance in endurance swimmers

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as alterações sobre parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos após a suplementação crônica de farelo de aveia em corredores de rua na faixa etária de 18 a 52 anos. Os corredores foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo placebo (GP) e grupo experimental (GE) - respectivamente n = 7 e n = 12. Durante oito semanas o GP recebeu 20g de talco e o GE 30g de farelo de aveia. Foram avaliados a massa corporal, o percentual de gordura, a circunferência abdominal (CA), o índice de massa corporal (IMC), os leucócitos, os linfócitos e as imunoglobulinas A, G e A salivar. O grupo GE teve diminuída a massa corporal (IMC) e a CA, o que não ocorreu no GP após oito semanas. Nesse grupo também houve redução nas imunoglobulinas A e G no GE e redução na imunoglobulina G, se comparado com o GP. A suplementação de farelo de aveia demonstrou resultado positivo sobre os parâmetros antropométricos, mas com pequenas modificações bioquímicas.

The aim of this study was to investigate the alterations on anthropometric and biochemical parameters before and after chronic supplementation with oat bran in outdoor runners aged between 18 and 52 years. The runners were divided into two groups: placebo group (GP) and experimental group (GE), n = 7 and n = 12, respectively. The analyzed variables were: body mass, body fat percentage, abdominal circumference (AC), body mass index (BMI), leukocytes, lymphocytes as well as immunoglobulin A, G and A salivary. During 8 weeks GP received 20g of talc and GE 30g of oat brain. The oat bran group reduced body mass, BMI and AC, which was not observed for GP after 8 weeks. There was a decrease in immunoglobulins A and G for GE, and a decrease in immunoglobulin G if compared to GP. Oat brain supplementation induced positive results on anthropometric parameters, with minor alterations on the biochemical variables.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oat bran supplementation on time to exhaustion, glycogen stores and cytokines in rats submitted to training. The animals were divided into 3 groups: sedentary control group (C), an exercise group that received a control chow (EX) and an exercise group that received a chow supplemented with oat bran (EX-O). Exercised groups were submitted to an eight weeks swimming training protocol. In the last training session, the animals performed exercise to exhaustion, (e.g. incapable to continue the exercise). After the euthanasia of the animals, blood, muscle and hepatic tissue were collected. Plasma cytokines and corticosterone were evaluated. Glycogen concentrations was measured in the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, and liver. Glycogen synthetase-α gene expression was evaluated in the soleus muscle. Statistical analysis was performed using a factorial ANOVA. Time to exhaustion of the EX-O group was 20% higher (515 ± 3 minutes) when compared with EX group (425 ± 3 minutes) (p = 0.034). For hepatic glycogen, the EX-O group had a 67% higher concentrations when compared with EX (p = 0.022). In the soleus muscle, EX-O group presented a 59.4% higher glycogen concentrations when compared with EX group (p = 0.021). TNF-α was decreased, IL-6, IL-10 and corticosterone increased after exercise, and EX-O presented lower levels of IL-6, IL-10 and corticosterone levels in comparison with EX group. It was concluded that the chow rich in oat bran increase muscle and hepatic glycogen concentrations. The higher glycogen storage may improve endurance performance during training and competitions, and a lower post-exercise inflammatory response can accelerate recovery.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of exhausting long-duration physical exercise (swimming) sessions of different durations and intensities on the number and phagocytic capacity of macrophages and neutrophils in sedentary rats. INTRODUCTION: Exercise intensity, duration and frequency are important factors in determining immune response to physical effort. Thus, the effects of exhausting long-duration exercise are unclear. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into two groups: an untreated group (macrophage study) and oyster glycogen-treated rats (neutrophil study). In each group, the animals were subdivided into five groups (10 rats per group): unexercised controls, an unadapted low-intensity exercise group, an unadapted moderate-intensity exercise group, a preadapted low-intensity exercise group and a preadapted moderate-intensity exercise group. All exercises were performed to exhaustion, and preadaptation consisted of 5, 15, 30 and 45 min sessions. RESULTS: Macrophage study: the number of peritoneal macrophages significantly decreased (9.22 ± 1.78 x 10(6)) after unadapted exercise but increased (21.50 ± 0.63 x 10(6)) after preadapted low-intensity exercise, with no changes in the moderate-intensity exercise group. Phagocytic capacity, however, increased by more than 80% in all exercise groups (low/moderate, unadapted/preadapted). Neutrophil study: the number of peritoneal neutrophils significantly decreased after unadapted (29.20 ± 3.34 x 10(6)) and preadapted (50.00 ± 3.53 x 10(6)) low-intensity exercise but increased after unadapted (127.60 ± 5.14 x 10(6)) and preadapted (221.80 ± 14.85 x 10(6)) moderate exercise. Neutrophil phagocytic capacity decreased by 63% after unadapted moderate exercise but increased by 90% after corresponding preadapted sessions, with no changes in the low-intensity exercise groups. CONCLUSION: Neutrophils and macrophages of sedentary rats respond differently to exercise-induced stress. Adaptation sessions reduce exercise-induced stress on the immune system.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of exhausting long-duration physical exercise (swimming) sessions of different durations and intensities on the number and phagocytic capacity of macrophages and neutrophils in sedentary rats. INTRODUCTION: Exercise intensity, duration and frequency are important factors in determining immune response to physical effort. Thus, the effects of exhausting long-duration exercise are unclear. METHODS: Wistar rats were divided into two groups: an untreated group (macrophage study) and oyster glycogen-treated rats (neutrophil study). In each group, the animals were subdivided into five groups (10 rats per group): unexercised controls, an unadapted low-intensity exercise group, an unadapted moderate-intensity exercise group, a preadapted low-intensity exercise group and a preadapted moderate-intensity exercise group. All exercises were performed to exhaustion, and preadaptation consisted of 5, 15, 30 and 45 min sessions. RESULTS: Macrophage study: the number of peritoneal macrophages significantly decreased (9.22 ± 1.78 x 10(6)) after unadapted exercise but increased (21.50 ± 0.63 x 10(6)) after preadapted low-intensity exercise, with no changes in the moderate-intensity exercise group. Phagocytic capacity, however, increased by more than 80 percent in all exercise groups (low/moderate, unadapted/preadapted). Neutrophil study: the number of peritoneal neutrophils significantly decreased after unadapted (29.20 ± 3.34 x 10(6)) and preadapted (50.00 ± 3.53 x 10(6)) low-intensity exercise but increased after unadapted (127.60 ± 5.14 x 10(6)) and preadapted (221.80 ± 14.85 x 10(6)) moderate exercise. Neutrophil phagocytic capacity decreased by 63 percent after unadapted moderate exercise but increased by 90 percent after corresponding preadapted sessions, with no changes in the low-intensity exercise groups. CONCLUSION: Neutrophils and macrophages of sedentary rats respond differently to exercise-induced stress. Adaptation sessions reduce exercise-induced stress on the immune system.

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To determine the most effective periodization model for strength and hypertrophy is an important step for strength and conditioning professionals. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of linear (LP) and daily undulating periodized (DUP) resistance training on body composition and maximal strength levels. Forty men aged 21.5 +/- 8.3 and with a minimum 1-year strength training experience were assigned to an LP (n = 20) or DUP group (n = 20). Subjects were tested for maximal strength in bench press, leg press 45 degrees, and arm curl (1 repetition maximum [RM]) at baseline (T1), after 8 weeks (T2), and after 12 weeks of training (T3). Increases of 18.2 and 25.08% in bench press 1 RM were observed for LP and DUP groups in T3 compared with T1, respectively (p < or = 0.05). In leg press 45 degrees , LP group exhibited an increase of 24.71% and DUP of 40.61% at T3 compared with T1. Additionally, DUP showed an increase of 12.23% at T2 compared with T1 and 25.48% at T3 compared with T2. For the arm curl exercise, LP group increased 14.15% and DUP 23.53% at T3 when compared with T1. An increase of 20% was also found at T2 when compared with T1, for DUP. Although the DUP group increased strength the most in all exercises, no statistical differences were found between groups. In conclusion, undulating periodized strength training induced higher increases in maximal strength than the linear model in strength-trained men. For maximizing strength increases, daily intensity and volume variations were more effective than weekly variations.

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There are few studies that have compared different periodization methods for strength and hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a 12-week strength training program with different periodization models on body composition and strength levels in women ranging from 20 to 35 years of age. Participants had a minimum of 6 months of experience in strength training, and they were divided into two groups: linear periodization (LP, n = 10) and reverse linear periodization (RLP, n = 10). Intensity was increased weekly; LP began with 12-14 maximal repetitions (RM), reaching loads of 4-6RM, and RLP began with 6-4RM and finished with 12-14RM. In all exercises, three sets were accomplished; number of repetitions and rest between sets and exercises were in accordance with weekly prescribed intensity. Training was performed 3 days per week. The evaluations were baseline evaluation (A1), after 4 weeks of training (A2), after 8 weeks (A3), after 12 weeks (A4), and after 1 week of detraining (A5). Fat mass and fat-free mass, maximum strength (bench press, lat pull-down, arm curl, and leg extension) were evaluated. There was an increase in fat-free mass and a decrease in fat mass in A4 compared with A1 only for the LP group. Both the LP and RLP groups presented significant gains in maximum strength levels in all exercises analyzed. However, for LP, the increases were greater when compared with RLP. In practical terms, LP is more effective for strength and hypertrophy as compared with RLP, and 1 week may be an adequate period for application of detraining without causing decreases in the performance of the parameters analyzed.

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A intensidade, volume, modalidade de exercício, assim como o nível de aptidão e fatores nutricionais podem alterar a reposta imunológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação crônica de farelo de aveia (fonte de fibras solúveis) sobre as células do sistema imunológico em ratos treinados, frente a um teste de exaustão. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, ± dois meses, peso ± 200g, divididos em três grupos (n = 9, cada um): 1) controle sedentário (C); 2) treinado oito semanas submetido ao teste de exaustão (EX); e 3) treinado oito semanas submetido ao teste de exaustão com suplementação de 30 por cento de farelo de aveia (EXA). O treinamento consistiu de 60 minutos de natação diários, cinco dias por semana durante oito semanas. As análises realizadas foram: contagem total de leucócitos, linfócitos dos linfonodos mesentéricos, macrófagos peritoneais e capacidade fagocitária de macrófagos peritoneais. Aplicou-se o teste estatístico ANOVA two way, seguido do post hoc de Tukey com p < 0,05. O grupo EX apresentou leucocitose quando comparado com o controle, o que não ocorreu no grupo EXA, porém, na comparação entre os grupos exercitados EXA, mostrou menor leucocitose em relação a EX. Não houve alteração significativa nos linfócitos teciduais em nenhum dos grupos exercitados. Tanto o número de macrófagos peritoneais como a capacidade fagocitária desta célula foram maiores nos grupos exercitados. Porém, no grupo suplementado a capacidade fagocitária foi maior em relação ao grupo exaustão sem farelo de aveia. A suplementação de fibras solúveis demonstrou resultados benéficos com relação às alterações imunológicas induzidas pelo exercício extenuante, além de aumentar a capacidade fagocitária de macrófagos peritoniais em ratos treinados durante oito semanas submetidos ao teste de exaustão.

Exercise modality, volume, intensity, as well as physical fitness and nutritional factors may modulate the immune response. The purpose of this investigation was to verify the effects of chronic oat bran supplementation on immune cells in trained rats submitted to an extenuating test. Wistar rats (two months old), +200g weight, divided into three groups (n = 9, per group) were used: 1) a sedentary control (C) 2) trained for eight weeks submitted to an exhaustion test (EX), and 3) trained for eight weeks submitted to an exhaustion test with 30 percent oat bran supplementation (EXA). Training consisted of 60 daily minutes of swimming, five days a week, during eight weeks. The analyses conducted were: total leukocytes, lymphocytes from lymph nodes, peritoneal macrophages and peritoneal macrophages phagocytic capacity. Statistical analyses were done by the two-way ANOVA test, followed by Tukey's post hoc test (p < 0.05). EX group presented leukocytosis when compared to control; however, EXA group did not. In exercised group, comparison with EXA has shown lower leukocytosis in relation to EX. No significant alteration was observed for tissue lymphocytes in any of the exercised groups. The number of peritoneal macrophages as well as phagocytic capacity of this cell was higher in exercised groups. In oat bran supplemented group the phagocytic capacity was higher as compared to exhaustion group without oat bran. Soluble fibers supplementation has shown benefic results with regard to immune alterations induced by exhaustive exercise, and increased peritoneal macrophages phagocytic capacity in rats trained for eight weeks submitted to an exhaustion test.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os efeitos de cinco sessões consecutivas de exercício (natação) sobre o número de leucócitos totais, linfócitos e a concentração de citocinas circulantes. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, ± 2 meses, peso ± 200 g, divididos em três grupos (n = 6): 1) controle sedentário, identificado pela sigla (C); 2) exercitado durante 5 sessões na mesma semana (5, 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos por dia) em intensidade leve (sem sobrecarga adicional), identificado pela sigla (5SL); e 3) exercitado durante cinco sessões na mesma semana (5, 15, 30, 45 e 60 minutos por dia) em intensidade moderada (moderado = sobrecarga de 5% do peso corporal acoplado na região dorsal), identificado pela sigla (5SM). As análises realizadas foram: contagem de leucócitos, linfócitos circulantes, linfócitos dos linfonodos mesentéricos e concentração de citocinas através do método Elisa (IL-2, IL-6 e TNF-a). Aplicou-se o teste estatístico Anova, seguido de Post Hoc Tukey para análises múltiplas, com p £ 0.05. Foi Observado aumento nos leucócitos e linfócitos circulantes para os grupos exercitados em relação ao grupo sedentário; redução no número de linfócitos provenientes dos linfonodos mesentéricos nos grupos 5SL e 5SM em relação ao controle. Para as citocinas foi observada redução na TNF-a circulante nos grupos 5SL e 5SM; nenhuma alteração na IL-6 e IL-2. Concluiu-se que o exercício de volume crescente realizado por cinco sessões consecutivas, tanto na intensidade leve como na moderada, pode promover leucocitose, linfocitose e redução nos linfócitos teciduais. Adicionalmente, este tipo de exercício promove queda na concentração de TNF-a circulante.

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The purpose of this study was to verify the histophysiological alterations in monocytes and macrophages induced by short periods of exercise. Male Wistar rats (age = 2 months, body weight = 200g) were divided into seven groups (N = 6 each): sedentary control (C), groups exercised (swimming) at low intensity for 5 (5L), 10 (10L), and 15 minutes (15L), and groups exercised at moderate intensity for 5 (5M), 10 (10M) or 15 minutes (15M). At moderate intensity the animals carried a load of 5% of body weight on their backs. Blood monocytes were evaluated for quantity and morphology, and peritoneal macrophages were analyzed for quantity and phagocytic activity. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). Low intensity groups and 5M exhibited an increase in monocyte levels when compared with the control. There was an increase in monocyte cellular area for the 5L, 10L, 5M and 10M groups; monocyte nuclear area increased for the 10L, 5M and 10M groups in comparison with the control. There was an increase in peritoneal macrophages for the 15L, 10M, 15M and decrease for the 5M group. Macrophage phagocytic capacity increased for low intensity groups and for 10M group. The exercise performed for short periods modulated macrophage levels and function, and monocyte levels and morphology, in an intensity-dependent manner. The sum of acute responses observed in this study may exert a protective effect against sickness and may be used to improve health and lifespan.

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O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as respostas hormonais, imunológicas e enzimáticas agudas a uma partida de basquetebol em jogadores profissionais desta modalidade. A amostra foi composta de oito atletas de basquetebol, praticantes a pelo menos quatro anos. Foi realizada uma partida de duração total de 40 minutos com simulação real, sendo dividida por dois tempos de 20 minutos e um intervalo de 10 minutos entre os tempos. As amostras sanguíneas foram colhidas antes e imediatamente após a partida (20 ml pelo sistema de tubos a vácuo). As variáveis analisadas foram: hormônios testosterona e cortisol, leucócitos totais, neutrófilos, linfócitos, monócitos e as enzimas creatina kinase (CK) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH). Para análise estatística, foi utilizada estatística descritiva e Teste t de Student pareado com p≤0,05. A concentração pré (13,34 nmol/L e 301,97 nmol/L) e pós (17,34 nmol/L e 395,91 nmol/L) de testosterona e cortisol foram estatisticamente diferentes, com maiores valores após o jogo para ambos os hormônios respectivamente. A contagem das células imunes apresentou diferença significante nos leucócitos totais (6393,75 nmol/L e 9158,75 nmol/L) e neutrófilos (3532,5 nmol/L e 6392,62 nmol/L) com maiores valores após a partida. As variáveis enzimáticas analisadas não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Portanto, dos marcadores analisados, testosterona e cortisol mostraram aumento acentuado após a partida, o mesmo comportamento foi verificado para os leucócitos totais e neutrófilos.

The objective of the present study was to analyze the acute hormonal, immunological and enzymatic responses of professional basketball players to a basketball game. The sample was composed of eight basketball athletes, with a minimum of 4 years’ experience in basketball. A real game was simulated with a total duration of 40 minutes, divided into two halves of 20 minutes each and an interval of 10 minutes between halves. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after the game (20 ml, vacuum tube system). The variables analyzed were: testosterone and cortisol hormones, total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and the enzymes creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Statistical analysis was with descriptive statistics and the Student’s t test for paired samples to p≤0.05. The pre (13.34 nmol/L and 301.97 nmol/L) and post game (17.34 nmol/L and 395.91 nmol/L) levels of testosterone and cortisol were statistically different, with higher levels after the game for both hormones. The immune cell counts exhibited significant differences for total leukocytes (6393.75 nmol/L and 9158.75 nmol/L) and neutrophils (3532.5 nmol/L and 6392.62 nmol/L), with levels being higher after the game. No statistical differences were observed for the enzymatic variables. Therefore, based on the markers analyzed, testosterone and cortisol exhibited pronounced increases after the game and the same behavior was observed for total leukocytes and neutrophils.

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Sessões agudas promovem respostas no sistema imunológico, podendo acarretar desistência, não continuidadeou queda no desempenho nos programas de exercícios, pela aumentada susceptibilidade às infecções dasvias aéreas superiores (IVASs). Considerando que os linfócitos desempenham funções no combate às infecçõese que indivíduos sedentários com baixo nível de aptidão física, devam iniciar programas de treinamento combaixo volume e intensidade, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a contagem de leucócitos e linfócitos circulantese dos linfócitos teciduais mesentéricos, bem como a capacidade proliferativa dos linfócitos teciduais emratos machos “Wistar” submetidos a sessões agudas de cinco e 15 minutos nas intensidades leve e moderada.Os resultados mostram leucocitose e linfocitose nos grupos cinco e 15 minutos em ambas as intensidades,aumentada contagem de linfócitos teciduais nos grupos cinco minutos leve bem como cinco e 15 minutosmoderado, de forma geral, nenhuma alteração na resposta proliferativa celular T, porém com diminuição naresposta celular B nos grupos cinco e 15 minutos leve e cinco minutos moderado. A relevância e o significadoclínico dessas alterações precisam ser mais bem esclarecidos para o melhor entendimento da complexatríade: exercício físico, respostas imunológicas e susceptibilidade a infecções, após sessões submáximas decurta duração.

Acute exercise sessions produce an immune system response, possibly leading to cessation, loss ofcontinuity or performance decrement during the training period, caused by the increased upper respiratoryinfections (IVASs) susceptibility. Considering that lymphocyte cells have to fight infections and thatsedentary subjects in poor physical condition should enroll physical programs of low intensity andvolume, the aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of circulating leukocytes and lymphocytes aswell as the mesenteric lymphocytes tissues, and the proliferative capacity of tissues lymphocytes inmale Wistar rats submitted to acute sets of 5 and 15 minutes of low and moderate intensities. Resultsshow leukocytosis and lymphocytosis in both groups 5 and 15 minutes of low and moderate intensities,increased tissue lymphocytes counting in the 5 minutes group of low intensity and in the 5 and 15minutes groups of moderate intensity, in general, no alteration in the T cellular proliferative capacity,however with reduction in B lymphocytes in the 5 and 15 minutes groups of low intensity and in the 5minutes of moderate intensity. The relevance and the clinical meaning of these alterations need to bewell clarified for a better understanding of the complex triad: physical exercise, immunological responsesand infections susceptibility after submaximal sets of short term.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o perfil e as diferenças nas características antropométricas de jovens nadadores brasileiros, de distintas categorias, em ambos os gêneros. Foram avaliados 90 nadadores do sexo masculino e 70 do sexo feminino das categorias Infantil (12-13 anos), juvenil (14-15 anos) e junior (16-18 anos). As variáveis antropométricas mensuradas foram: massa corporal (Kg), estatura (m), IMC (Kg/m2), massa magra (kg), massa gorda (kg) e envergadura (m). O percentual de gordura (%G) foi obtido através da equação de Lohman. Na estatística, foi utilizado o teste Anova two way seguido de post hoc Tukey, com p<0,05. No gênero masculino, a categoria junior apresentou maior massa corporal, estatura, envergadura e massa magra em relação aos grupos infantil e juvenil. Para o gênero feminino, a massa corporal foi superior na categoria junior comparada à infantil e a juvenil. Foram observadas estatura, envergadura, massa magra e massa gorda maiores na categoria junior, quando comparadas à infantil. No sexo feminino, a categoria juvenil apresentou maior massa corporal e massa magra em relação ao grupo infantil. Na categoria infantil, os meninos apresentaram maior massa corporal e massa magra em relação às meninas. Na categoria juvenil, o masculino teve maior massa corporal, estatura, envergadura e massa magra em relação ao feminino, que teve maior %G. Na categoria junior, os meninos apresentaram maior massa corporal, estatura, envergadura e massa magra em relação às meninas, que apresentaram maior %G. Conclui-se que, existem diferenças nas variáveis antropométricas entre as categorias, em ambos os gêneros, entretanto, para o grupo feminino as diferenças antropométricas entre as categorias infantil e juvenil são menos evidentes, provavelmente, devido às alterações orgânicas e hormonais que ocorrem prematuramente em meninas.

The objective of this study was to establish the profi le as well as the differences in anthropometric characteristics of Brazilian young swimmers of different categories in both sexes. Ninety male and 70 female swimmers were measured in the following categories: 1 (12-13 years), 2 (14-15 years) and 3 (16-18 years). Anthropometric variables analyzed were: body mass (Kg), stature (m), BMI (Kg/m2), fat free mass (LBM, kg), fat mass (kg) and arm span (m). The percent of body fat (% fat) was estimated using the Lohman equation. Two-way ANOVA was used followed by the TukeyÆs post-hoc test, with p< 0.05. For males, the category 3 presented higher body mass, stature, arm span and LBM in relation to the other categories. For females, body mass was higher in category 3 when compared to categories 1 and 2. It was observed higher stature, arm span, LBM andfat mass for category 3 when compared to 1. Category 2 presented higher body mass and LBM than category 1. Comparing to girls, boys in the category 2 had higher BMI and LBM than girls. For both categories 2 and 3, males showed higher body mass, stature, arm span and LBM than females, which, in turn, had higher % fat. It was concluded that anthropometric variables are different between categories for both sexes, however, among girls differences between categories 1 and 2 were less evident, probably because of early maturation changes in females.

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RESUMO

Atualmente o exercício físico tem sido indicado como uma ferramenta na prevenção de doenças crônico degenerativas, dentre elas a obesidade. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes protocolos de exercício de curta duração sobre a composição corporal, capacidade aeróbia e força muscular. Foram selecionadas vinte mulheres classificadas com excesso de peso, idade média de 28,5 anos, massa corporal 77,77kg e gordura corporal 34,17%. As participantes foram divididas aleatoriamente nos grupos: I) grupo que realizou 4 semanas de Componente Força (exercícios contra-resistência) e Componente Aeróbio(bicicleta estacionária e/ou esteira e treinamento em circuito com exercícios contra-resistência), sendo identificado pela sigla (FAC, n=10) e II) grupo que realizou 4 semanas de Componente Força (exercícios contra-resistência) e Componente Aeróbio (composto somente por bicicleta estacionária e/ou esteira), sendo identificado pela sigla(FA, n=10). A avaliação anterior ao início do programa serviu como os dados de controle, formando respectivamente os grupos controle FAC (ConFAC, n=10) e controle FA (ConFA, n=10). A gordura corporal foi avaliada por bioimpedância elétrica. As cargas do treinamento de força foram determinadas pelo teste de carga por repetições e o VO2max estimado pelo protocolo de caminhada de 1.600 metros do Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test. Ambos os grupos apresentaram diminuições não significativas, nas variáveis: massa corporal, gordura corporal, massagorda, circunferências da cintura e quadril, relação cintura-quadril e manutenção na massa magra. Aumentos estatisticamente significantes no VO2max foram observados apenas no grupo FAC. Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhora na capacidade de geração de força, (p≤0.05). Esses resultados demonstram que mesmo um treinamento realizado por curto período (4 semanas) pode induzir adaptações positivas no quadro funcional dessa população.

The present day physical exercise has been indicated as a tool in the prevention of chronic degenerative illness, between them the obesity. In this way, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different short duration exercise protocols on body composition, aerobic capacity and muscle strength. 20 women classified with overweight, 28.5 years old in average, 77.77kg body mass and 34.17% of body fat were selected. The participants were randomly divided in the following groups: I) a group that performed 4 weeks of strength, aerobic with bicycle and/or treadmill and circuit training, identified as (FAC, n=10) and II) a group that performed 4 weeksof strength and aerobic training, exclusively composed by bicycle and/or treadmill, identified by (FA; n=10). The evaluation before the beginning of the exercise training served as the control baseline, composing respectively the control FAC group (ConFAC, n=10) and the control FA group (ConFA, n=10). Body fat was measured by bioelectrical impedance. Strength training loads were determined by load repetitions test and VO2max was estimated by Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test 1.600 meters walking protocol. Both groups showed non significant reductions in the variables: body mass, body fat, fat mass, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip ratio and fat free mass maintenance. However, VO2max significant statistical increase was observed only for FAC group. The exercised groups showed increase in strength production capacity, (p≤0.05). These results indicate that, even ashort training period (4 weeks) induce positive adaptations in functional status of this population.

Assuntos