Assuntos
Cisticercose/epidemiologia , Doenças Endêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Taenia solium , África/epidemiologia , Animais , Ásia/epidemiologia , América Central/epidemiologia , Cisticercose/transmissão , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Nova Zelândia/epidemiologia , Ilhas do Pacífico/epidemiologia , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Suínos/parasitologiaRESUMO
Many interventions against Taenia solium are evaluated by assessing changes in the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis ascertained by carcass dissection. Financial and logistical difficulties often prohibit dissection of entire pig carcasses. We assessed 209 pigs from rural areas of Cameroon and Peru for the presence of T. solium cysticerci and determined the distribution of parasites within the musculature of infected animals. Considering the presence of cysts in the tongue, masticatory muscles and heart, 31 of the 38 (81%) naturally infected animals were identified as having cysts. Dissection of only the tongue, masticatory muscles and heart provides a relatively sensitive and highly specific method for diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis.
Assuntos
Cisticercose/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Taenia solium/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Camarões/epidemiologia , Cisticercose/epidemiologia , Cisticercose/parasitologia , Cysticercus/isolamento & purificação , Dissecação/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Carne/parasitologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Suínos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Oxfendazole (OFZ) is efficacious for porcine cysticercosis at 30 mg/kg. OFZ is not registered to be used at this dose. The assessment of the OFZ and metabolites [(fenbendazole sulphone (FBZSO2), fenbendazole (FBZ)] plasma pharmacokinetic and tissue residue profiles after its oral administration to pigs and the withdrawal period for human consumption were reported. Forty-eight pigs allocated into two groups received OFZ (30 mg/kg) orally as a commercial (CF) or as experimental formulation (SMF). Samples (blood, muscle, liver, kidney and fat) were collected over 30 days post-treatment and analyzed by HPLC. OFZ was the main compound recovered in plasma, followed by FBZSO2 and low FBZ concentrations. OFZ AUC0-LOQ (209.9±33.9 µg·h/ml) and Cmax (5.40±0.65 µg/ml) parameters for the CF tended to be higher than those for the SMF (AUC0-LOQ: 159.4±18.3 µg h/ml, Cmax: 3.80±0.35 µg/ml). The highest total residue (OFZ+FBZSO2+FBZ) concentrations were quantified in liver, followed by kidney, muscle and fat tissue. FBZSO2 residue levels were the highest found in muscle (0.68±0.39 µg/g) and fat (0.69±0.39 µg/g). In liver and kidney the highest residues corresponded to FBZ (5.29±4.36 µg/g) and OFZ (2.86±0.75 µg/g), respectively. A withdrawal time of 17 days post-treatment was established before tissues are delivered for human consumption.