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ABSTRACT Objective. The sex ratio, proportion of ovigerous females, length at sexual maturity and fecundity of Grapsus grapsus crabs in the Lobos, Venados and Pajaros islands (southeastern Gulf of California) were analyzed. Materials and methods. Sampling was conducted monthly between March 2011 and February 2012, during the night at low tide. Thirty crabs were collected in a quadrant (25 m2) at each sampling site on each island. cw (mm) and w (g) were determined. The sex ratio and size at sexual maturity (cw50%) were estimated, and for ovigerous females, embryonic stages and fecundity (gravimetric method) were determined. Results. The sex ratio (M:F) was 1:1.3. The average size at sexual maturity (cw50%) was 34.9 mm. The majority of females were ovigerous (71.3%), and 48% of the embryos of ovigerous females were at the red-orange phase. Egg diameter ranged from 1.1 to 5 µm, with an average of 2.05 µm. The mean fecundity was 24339.3 eggs. The maximum and minimum weight of ovigerous females was 69.9 and 15.2 g. Conclusions. The studied characteristics of sex ratio, proportion of ovigerous females, length at sexual maturity and fecundity of G. grapsus, indicate the effective administration and management of this resource in this area.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Se analizó la proporción de sexos, hembras ovígeras, talla de primera madurez sexual y fecundidad del cangrejo roca Grapsus grapsus en islas Lobos, Venados y Pájaros (sureste del Golfo de California). Material y métodos. Los muestreos fueron mensuales entre marzo 2011 y febrero 2012, las colectas fueron nocturnas durante la bajamar, se obtuvieron en un cuadrante (25 m2) por isla 30 organismos al azar, se les determinó el AN (mm) y PT (g). Se estimó la proporción de sexos y talla de primera madurez sexual (AN50%), se analizaron en hembras grávidas, las fases embrionarias y la fecundidad (método gravimétrico). Resultados. La proporción de M:H fue 1:1.3. La talla media de primera madurez fue AN50% 34.9 mm. Es evidente la presencia de hembras ovígeras (71.3%) y todas las fases embrionarias, la fase rojo-naranja fue la mayor representada en 48%. La variación del diámetro del huevo fue 1.1 a 5 µm y el promedio de 3.05 µm. La fecundidad media fue 24339.3 cigotos. El máximo y mínimo peso de hembras ovígeras fue 69.9 y 15.2 g, respectivamente. Conclusiones. Con base a las características biológicas del recurso tales como la proporción de sexos, hembras ovígeras, talla de primera madurez sexual y fecundidad en la población de G. grapsus, representa un efecto favorable en su posterior administración y manejo de este recurso en esta zona.

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Bacteria and other types of microbes interact with their hosts in several ways, including metabolic pathways, development, and complex behavioral processes such as mate recognition. During the mating season, adult males of the lesser long-nosed agave pollinator bat Leptonycteris yerbabuenae (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae) develop a structure called the dorsal patch, which is located in the interscapular region and may play a role in kin recognition and mate selection. Using high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, we identified a total of 2,847 microbial phylotypes in the dorsal patches of eleven specimens. Twenty-six phylotypes were shared among all the patches, accounting for 30 to 75% of their relative abundance. These shared bacteria are distributed among 13 families, 10 orders, 6 classes and 3 phyla. Two of these common bacterial components of the dorsal patch are Lactococcus and Streptococcus. Some of them-Helcococcus, Aggregatibacter, Enterococcus, and Corynebacteriaceae-include bacteria with pathogenic potential. Half of the shared phylotypes belong to Gallicola, Anaerococcus, Peptoniphilus, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, and Peptostreptococcus and specialize in fatty acid production through fermentative processes. This work lays the basis for future symbiotic microbe studies focused on communication and reproduction strategies in wildlife.

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Resumen El cáncer es la tercera causa de muerte después de las enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes (mellitus); ante tan desolador panorama epidemiológico, es esperable que surjan multitud de terapias "curativas" no convencionales, biológicas y no biológicas. Entre las terapias biológicas se encuentra el cartílago de tiburón, cuyos defensores de su consumo se basan en la falsa premisa de que "los tiburones no tienen cáncer", y cuando son confrontados, alegan teorías conspiranoicas. Aunque se ha demostrado la existencia de un factor inhibidor de angiogénesis en el producto, los ensayos clínicos no han sido concluyentes en cuanto a un efecto benéfico neto en pacientes oncológicos. Pero el mercadeo popular de la sustancia es un negocio de varios millones de dólares anuales. Es prudente que los médicos tengan conocimiento incluso de los posibles efectos colaterales para proporcionar información a los pacientes.

Abstract Cancer is the third cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. In the face of such a devastating epidemiological panorama, it is expected that a multitude of non-conventional, biological and non-biological "curative" therapies will emerge. Among the biological therapies is the shark cartilage, whose defenders of its use are based on the false premise that "sharks do not have cancer", and when confronted, they claim conspiracy theories. Although the presence of an inhibitory factor of angiogenesis in the product has been demonstrated, clinical trials have not been conclusive as to a net beneficial effect in oncological patients. But the popular marketing of the substance is a business of several million dollars a year. It is prudent that doctors have knowledge, including possible side effects, to provide information to patients.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Las fracturas de tobillo representan un motivo frecuente de visita a los servicios de emergencias, constituyen el 25 % de las fracturas de miembro inferior. Al manejarse inadecuadamente pueden generar artrosis, por lo que adquiere importancia el manejo adecuado y oportuno que permita recuperar la movilidad temprana. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente femenino de 17 años de edad, deportista (danza profesional), sinantecedentes patológicos de importancia, acudió al servicio de emergencias por sufrir caída de 2 metros de altura, mientras practicaba deporte, sufriendo trauma directo en miembro inferior izquierdo. Al examen físico el tobillo izquierdo se evidenció deformidad, dolor a la digitopresión, imposibilidad de apoyar el pie, inestabilidad de la articulación tibioperónea indicando lesión de la sindesmosis, tumefacción, equimosis, pulso pedio y tibial posterior presente, llenado capilar normal, y sensibilidad distal conservada. El diagnóstico fue fractura de tobillo tipo B de Weber. EVOLUCIÓN: Se realizó una reducción con osteosíntesis «tercio de caña¼ y fijación interna mediante doble sistema Tightrope®, luego del procedimiento permaneció 4 semanas con yeso cerrado, evidenciándose un adecuado proceso consolidativo en los controles radiográficos posteriores. Luego de un mes de terapia física presentó recuperación de la movilidad y negó presentar dolor o sensación de disconfort; el resultado funcional fue satisfactorio y luego de dos meses retomó su actividad regular. CONCLUSIÓN: El manejo activo con cirugía y fijación mediante sistema Tightrope® en fracturas de tobillo constituye una opción de tratamiento alternativa y eficaz en lugar de clavos sindesmales. En pacientes deportistas o con alta demanda de actividad física evita una reintervención quirúrgica y permite un retorno precoz a las actividades habituales.(AU)

BACKGROUND: Ankle fractures are a frequent reason of consult at emergency services. They represent 25 % of lower limb fractures. If are not handled properly it may lead to arthrosis, so the proper and timely treatment are important for early recovery of mobility. CASE REPORT: A 17-year old female patient, athlete and with no important medical precedents who attended to emergency department after suffering a 2-meter fall, she suffered direct trauma in lower left limb. Left ankle was painful and had swelling, ecchymosis and functional impotence. Diagnosis was Weber B ankle fracture. EVOLUTION: An open reduction with double Tightrope® fixation system was performed. She stood with a closed plaster for 4 weeks after procedure. Subsequent radiographic controls showed an adequate consolidation process. Mobility was recovered after one month of physical therapy, she did not refer pain or discomfort so the functional outcome was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: Active surgical management and fixation with Tightrope® system on ankle fractures is a fair option of treatment. It avoids reoperation and allows an early return to regular activities in athletes or in those patients with a high demand of physical activity./AU)

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The Devil Ray (Mobula thurstoni) is a species with global distribution and is an important species in conservation terms, here we present its complete mitochondrial genome assembled with Illumina sequencing data. The circular genome was 17,610 bp in length, and consists of 13 protein-coding, two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Base composition is 30.7% A, 29.1% T, 26.5% C, and 13.7% G, and 40.2% GC content. Protein-coding genes present two start codon (ATG and GUG) and seven stop codon (UAA, AUA, UUU, UUA, AAU, CCU, and UAG). The control region possesses the highest A + T (66.6%) content among all mitochondrial regions. These data would contribute to the evolutionary studies of this genus, where there has been recent reclassification.

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Objetivo: Describir la técnica híbrida de colecistectomía laparoscópica con "trócar" umbilical único y óptica con canal operatorio asistido con imanes y pinza de tracción curva, resaltando las ventajas que permiten vencer inconvenientes frecuentes en el puerto único, presentando nuestra experiencia en 90 casos realizada en los departamentos de Cirugía General de hospitales privados. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional. Se utiliza solo 1 trócar de 12 mm, introduciéndolo a través de una incisión transumbilical única con una media de 1,5 cm para su desempeño. Se combina el uso de la óptica con canal de trabajo, de la técnica CL1P con la asistencia de dispositivos magnéticos Imanlap para la tracción cefálica del fondo vesicular y un grasper de tracción "curva y rígida" que se introduce por la misma incisión umbilical, para la bolsa de Hartmann, diseñado originalmente para su uso en dispositivos multivalvulares de puerto único. Fueron operados 90 pacientes con la técnica híbrida desde febrero de 2011 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2013. Se excluyeron casos de coledocolitiasis, cáncer y pacientes con cirugías abdominales previas. Se analizó edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal (IMC), tiempo quirúrgico, estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones, índice de conversión y resultado estético. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (5 a 1). La edad promedio fue de 42 años. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 48 minutos. El IMC promedio fue 29. Hubo adición de trócares en 8 pacientes (9 %), no hubo conversiones a técnica abierta. El tiempo de hospitalización fue de 24 horas. Sin cicatriz abdominal visible en 82 pacientes en los que se completó el procedimiento por un trócar (91%). La morbilidad fue 3,69 %, mortalidad 0 %. Conclusión: La técnica híbrida es aplicable en el 91% de los pacientes con patología vesicular. La combinación de la técnica híbrida permite superar los inconvenientes atribuidos al puerto único, logrando reproducir por una sola incisión los resultados obtenidos por el abordaje tradicional con menor invasión(AU)

Objective: To describe the hybrid technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with "trocar" umbilical single and optical with operative channel assisted with magnets and curve drive clip, highlighting the advantages that allow you to overcome disadvantages in the single port, presenting our experience in 90 cases carried out in the departments of General Surgery of private hospitals. Methods: Prospective, observational study. It was used only 1 trocar of 12 mm, by inserting it through a unique transumbilical incision with an average of 1.5 cm for their performance. Combines the use of optics with working channel, CL1P technique with the assistance of IMANLAP magnetic devices for cephalic traction of the vesicular Fund and a grasper of traction "curve and rigid" introduced by the same umbilical incision, the bag of Hartmann, originally designed for use in multivalvulares single-port devices. 90 patients with the hybrid technique were operated from February 2011 until December 31, 2013. It was excluded cases of choledocholithiasis, cancer and patients with previous abdominal surgery. Age, sex, index of body mass (IMC), surgical time, hospital stay, complications, index of conversion and esthetic result were analyzed. Results: Female predominated (5 to 1). The average age was 42 years. The average surgical time was 48 minutes. The average BMI was 29. Addition of trocars in 8 patients (9%), there were no conversions to open technique. Hospitalization time was 24 hours. No abdominal scar visible in 82 patients that the procedure was completed by a trocar (91%). Morbidity was 3.69%, 0% mortality. Conclusion: The hybrid technique is applicable in 91% of patients with gallbladder disease. The combination of hybrid technique overcomes disadvantages attributed to the single port, managing to reproduce the results obtained by the traditional approach with a less invasion by a single incision(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is increasingly being used to treat acute appendicitis. Existing SILS techniques suffer from inefficient triangulation and poor ergonomics. In an effort to improve on existing SILS techniques, we developed the magnet-assisted single trocar (MAST) appendectomy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed all MAST appendectomies performed between March 2010 and February 2011. Outcomes included demographics, diagnosis, operative time, hospital stay, and complications. RESULTS: Twenty-three MAST appendectomies were performed in 10 boys and 13 girls. The mean age at operation was 12.22 years (range, 5-19 years), and the mean weight was 46.5 kg (range, 25-82 kg). At presentation the mean white blood cell count was 15,000 with 74% polymorphonuclear neutrophils. The mean operative time was 61 minutes (range, 20-105 minutes), and length of stay was 3.6 days (range, 1-7 days). In total, 4 operations (17%) required one additional 5-mm trocar to complete the operation, and none was converted to an open operation. There were no intraoperative complications, nor were there any wound infections. CONCLUSIONS: MAST appendectomy is safe and effective in children. Magnetic instruments provide excellent triangulation and improve ergonomics. This technique uses a single 12-mm trocar and can be performed without the aid of a surgical assistant.

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Single-site umbilical incision laparoscopic surgery (SSULS) is increasingly being used to treat a variety of childhood surgical diseases. Existing SSULS approaches have inefficient triangulation and poor ergonomics. In an effort to overcome these shortcomings, magnet-assisted laparoscopy was developed. Specialized magnetic graspers are introduced through a standard 12-mm port and are controlled by a powerful external magnet. This study is a retrospective analysis of all magnet-assisted laparoscopic operations performed at the Fundacion Hospitalaria Private Children's Hospital from September 2009 to January 2011. Outcomes include demographics, diagnosis, operative time, intraoperative complications, and conversion rates. Forty-four magnet-assisted laparoscopic operations were performed. The operations included 23 appendectomies, 8 cholecystectomies, 3 Nissen fundoplications, 2 gastrojejunostomies, 2 splenectomies, 2 ovarian tumor/cyst resections, 1 retroperitoneal lymphangioma resection, 1 left adrenalectomy, 1 total abdominal colectomy and 1 pulmonary wedge resection. The mean operative times for the most commonly performed operations were 61 minutes for appendectomy and 93 minutes for cholecystectomy. The operations were classified as follows: Group I, adjunct to conventional laparoscopy (5 operations); Group II, adjunct to multiple-access umbilical laparoscopy (11 operations); and Group III, true single-port laparoscopy (28 operations). Among Group II/III operations, 6 operations required 1 additional port outside the umbilicus. No operations required more that 1 additional port, and no operations were converted to the open technique. There were no intraoperative complications. Magnet-assisted laparoscopic surgery is safe and effective in children. The use of magnetic graspers improves triangulation and ergonomics while reducing the number and size of abdominal incisions.

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BACKGROUND: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) may be related to the surgical technique used. The frequency and characteristics of postoperative SBO were studied in two cohorts of patients after LRYGB. METHODS: In a 4-year period, 359 patients underwent LRYGB as an initial bariatric operation at our clinic. Patients were divided into two groups. In Group 1 (n = 187), the mesentery of the jejunum was widely divided, the mesenteric defect was closed, and Petersen's space was not sutured. In Group 2 (n = 172), the mesentery was not divided, and both the mesenteric folds and Petersen's space were closed. Episodes of SBO, etiology, treatment, and outcome were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: There were 141 males and 218 females, with mean age of 41 ± 11 years. Preoperative BMI was 43.2 ± 7 kg/m(2). In Group 1, 29/187 patients (15.5%) developed SBO at a mean follow-up of 15 ± 6.4 months. In Group 2, 2/172 patients (1.1%) developed SBO at 12.3 ± 6.7 months. Internal hernia was responsible for the SBO in 29 patients (19 through the adjacent mesenteric defect and 10 through Petersen's space). Mean EWL at the time of SBO was 82.2 ± 22.7%. SBO was successfully resolved by laparoscopy in 25 patients, conversion was necessary in three, and one was treated by open surgery. One patient presented intestinal perforation after revision. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical details such as leaving the jejunal mesentery intact and closing all created defects significantly decreased the incidence of SBO due to internal hernias in antecolic antegastric LRYGB.

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INTRODUCTION: There have been attempts to minimize the invasiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy by reducing the size and/or the number of the operating ports and instruments. These attempts create technical challenges related principally to retraction and triangulation necessary to expose the surgical field for a safe surgery. A new technique based on retraction and triangulation with magnetic instruments for single port laparoscopic surgery is presented. METHODS: Between March 2007 and December 2008, 40 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed with single-port laparoscopic surgery with the assistance of magnetic forceps (IMANLAP project). The surgical technique is described, and the intraoperative and postoperative course of the patients is assessed. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative complications, no need to convert to open surgery, and no need to add a second port. Depending on the patient's anatomy, a 1-mm needle was added in some cases. There were no interactions observed between the magnetic devices and the anesthetic monitoring and the rest of the devices of the operation room. CONCLUSIONS: This new procedure is feasible and safe. The main goal is control of the magnetic field, allowing enough controlled strength for retraction and sufficient triangulation for adequate exposure of the surgical field. This allows for the use of a single port through which an optic device with a working channel can perform the operation with safety. Finally, the procedure can be performed in a manner similar to the traditional laparoscopic cholecystectomy, and it also appears to be simple to learn.

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BACKGROUND: Adjustable gastric banding (AGB) and vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) have been extensively used to treat morbid obesity. Patients with insufficient weight loss or complications may require surgical revision. The laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) is one of the most common procedures currently used for revision. The aim of the study was to analyze surgical outcomes of 30 consecutive patients who underwent revision to LRYGBP in a 2-year period. METHODS: The prospectively constructed database and the medical records of all patients undergoing revision to LRYGBP were reviewed. Demographics, surgical details, results, and complications were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 23 women and seven men with a mean age of 41.1+/-9.7 years (r=25-61). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 40.0+/-7.5 kg/m(2) (r=27.2-65.2). Initial operation was AGB in 24, VBG in five, and both in one patient. In ten patients, the band had been removed before revision, in 13 cases, band removal and LRYGBP were performed in one surgical intervention, and in two patients, it was performed in a two-step surgery. There were two conversions to open surgery. Five patients presented major surgical complications. Hospital stay averaged 5.1 days (r=3-25). Mean percent excess body weight loss at 6 and 12 months was 61.7+/-27.5 and 81.2+/-20.5 kg/m(2), respectively. Mean percent low body mass index at 6 and 12 months was 22.5+/-9.1 and 29.1+/-11.4 kg/m(2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LRYGBP as a revision procedure is feasible in most patients. Surgical complications are more frequent.

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Antecendetes: Los beneficios de la cirugía laparoscópica tradicional pueden ser mejorados con técnicas cada vez menos invasivas que reducen la agresión parietal y el riesgo de complicaciones por trocares. Objetivos: Presentar la colecistectomía laparoscópica con trocar único a nivel umbilical y asistencia con agujas percutáneas en el tratamiento de la litiasis vesicular. Lugar de aplicación: Sanatorio Mitre. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo. Población: 100 pacientes operados electivamente entre marzo de 2004 y enero de 2006 con diagnóstico de litiasis vesicular. Método: Análsis retrospectivo de pacientes que fueron operados mediante la técnica de colecistectomía con un trocar umbilical. Resultados: Se realizó esta técnica en los 100 pacientes de la serie con diagnóstico de litiasis vesicular. Morbilidad 5% (complicaciones menores). Mortalidad: 0%. Promedio de internación: 24 h. Conversión: 0%. El seguimiento fue posible en todos los pacientes. Óptimo resultado estético. Conclusiones: La colecistectomía laparoscópica con trocar único a nivel umbilical puede ser realizada con seguridad y eficacia como alternativa a la cirugía acuscópica. Es necesario contar con experiencia previa en cirugía laparoscópica y con instrumento adecuado para esta variante técnica. la cicatriz única umbilical es estéticamente satisfactoria. Palabra clave: vesícula biliar - cirugía laparoscópica.

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BACKGROUND: Although bariatric surgery is highly effective for controlling obesity and its complications, it is uncovered by third-party payers in many countries. High cost and unpredictable expenses account for the lack of coverage. We developed at our obesity clinic a fixed package for the Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGBP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictability and reproducibility of the estimated expenses in the first 150 consecutive patients who underwent LRYGBP as initial procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A fixed package which included hospitalization, operative room expenses, medications, multidisciplinary support, and professional honorarium was established based on the experience gained with more than 500 preceding interventions. Actual direct medical costs of the initial 150 patients who underwent LRYGBP by one surgeon were analyzed and contrasted to the anticipated expenses. RESULTS: Mean age was 35.8 +/- 11.8 years (range 16-69 years). Average body mass index (BMI) was 43.1 +/- 4.8 kg/m(2) (range 35-70). Mean number of comorbidities per patient were 1.7 +/- 0.8 (range 1-5). All patients completed a LRYGBP with no conversions. Mean hospital stay was 3 +/- 0.3 days. Complications occurred in 13 patients. Mean total expenses were 98.5 +/- 10% of the estimated costs. In 143 patients (95.3%), the total expenses were within 10% of the estimated costs, whereas in five they were > or =10% and in two > or =20%. CONCLUSION: Costs of a LRYGBP can be accurately predicted and are highly reproducible when interventions are performed by an experienced team and potentially lethal complications do not occur.

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UNLABELLED: Since mechanical retractors in endoscopic plastic surgery cause certain drawbacks, we developed a model in dogs, which, by insufflating CO2 into a subcutaneous cavity, we were able to maintain. We evaluated the magnitude of subcutaneous emphysema and absorption of CO2 by insufflating different pressures and the efficacy of external pressure on the skin with the purpose of limiting the subcutaneous emphysema. Sixteen dogs were divided in 3 groups, A, B, and C. We controlled the pulmonary function by using a volume-cycle ventilator. In all groups, we maintained a subcutaneous cavity by insufflating CO2. Groups A and C were insufflated at 15 mm Hg; group B, at 8 mm Hg. We placed circumferential Esmarch bandages on the thorax of groups B and C to delimit superiorly and inferiorly the surgical area. Arterial blood gas analyses (ABGA) were taken from the femoral artery 60 minutes after intubation, 60 minutes after Esmarch bandage was placed and at the end of the CO2 insufflation. Statistically, results were analyzed by Wilcoxon test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Group A showed extensive subcutaneous emphysema. Two dogs died. The systemic increase of the CO2 showed a median of 9.6 mm Hg (P < 0.05). In Group B, Esmarch bandages caused increase in CO2, with a median of 1.65 mm Hg (P < 0.028). None of these dogs showed subcutaneous emphysema during the insufflation after CO2 insufflation pressure augmented with a median of 3.7 mm Hg (P < 0.028). In Group C, chest restriction increased CO2 median of 6.1 mm Hg (P < 0.043), and subcutaneous emphysema shown was less extensive than group A. The CO2 increased after insufflation a median of 16 mm Hg (P < 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous cavities can be maintained open with CO2 insufflation at 8 mm Hg, limiting perfectly the surgical area; as done with Esmarch bandages, it reduces CO2 absorption and makes this procedure safe.

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En el presente trabajo se revisaron de manera retrospectiva 17 casos de autopsias con diagnóstico de aspergilosis realizadas en el INNSZ en un período de 15 años; correspondieron al 0.96% del total de estudios post-mortem. Se analizaron los parámetros clínicos y radiológicos así como la forma de afección orgánica por esta micosis oportunista. Se encontró predominancia del sexo femenino (76.47%) y prevalencia estacionaria con primavera. Las enfermedades de base más frecuentes fueron los padecimientos hematopoyéticos malignos. La sintomatología y los estudios de gabinete no fueron específicos llegando al diagnóstico pre-mortem sólo en dos casos, uno por biopsia y otro a través de cultivo. Los pulmones presentaron lesiones en el 100% de los enfermos seguidos por el corazón y la glándula tiroides. Los resultados se compararon con otras series publicadas y se presentan dos casos clínicos patológicos para ilustrar las formas localizada y generalizada de la aspergilosis

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