RESUMO
Understanding the complex biological processes of cells in culture, particularly those related to metabolism, can be biased by culture conditions, since the choice of energy substrate impacts all of the main metabolic pathways. When glucose is replaced by galactose, cells decrease their glycolytic flux, working as an in vitro model of limited nutrient availability. However, the effect of these changes on related physiological processes such as redox control is not well documented, particularly in endothelial cells, where mitochondrial oxidation is considered to be low. We evaluated the differences in mitochondrial dynamics and function in endothelial cells exposed to galactose or glucose culture medium. We observed that cells maintained in galactose-containing medium show a higher mitochondrial oxidative capacity, a more fused mitochondrial network, and higher intercellular coupling. These factors are documented to impact the cellular response to oxidative stress. Therefore, we analyzed the levels of two main redox regulators and found that bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) in galactose media had higher levels of FOXO3 and lower levels of Nrf2 than those in glucose-containing media. Thus, cultures of endothelial cells in a galactose-containing medium may provide a more suitable target for the study of in vitro mitochondrial-related processes than those in glucose-containing media; the medium deeply influences redox signaling in these cells.
RESUMO
El tutor constituye el eje fundamental de la formación de los estudiantes de las Ciencias Médicas este no es cualquier trabajador o especialista; debe ser un experto en su área de competencia laboral, además de un educador y un gran comunicador capaz de motivar y de ejercer una influencia positiva sobre los educandos. En las esferas cognitivas como afectivas con su dedicación y formación dependen en gran parte de la adquisición de los conocimientos, habilidades y responsabilidades necesarios para ejercer eficazmente el rol que les corresponde y el grado de satisfacción de los estudiantes dentro del proceso educativo. Se plantea que la enseñanza tutelar constituye un pilar esencial en la formación del médico, del enfermero y el tecnólogo, pues le permite al educando lograr un mayor grado de independencia, creatividad y sentido de responsabilidad (AU).
The tutor is a main factor in training Medical Sciences students; he is not any worker or specialist: he should be an expert in his area of occupational competence, besides being an educator and a great communicator able of motivating and positively influencing the students in. Their dedication and training mostly depend on the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities to efficaciously play the role they have to play, and to reach the students´ satisfaction level in the teaching process. It is assumed that tutored teaching is an essential pillar in training physicians, nurses and technologists, because it allows the teacher to achieve a higher level of independence, creativity and sense of responsibility (AU).