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AIM: To estimate the association between consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks and unsweetened fruit juice with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Adult Health Study (ELSA-Brasil) after 4 years of follow-up. METHODS: We used data from ELSA-Brasil cohort (N = 15,105). The sample consisted of 6,124 civil servants free of the MetS at baseline (35 to 74 years, both sexes). The consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks and unsweetened fruit juice was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire previously validated. The outcome was MetS and its components (Joint Interim Statement criteria). To test the association between beverage consumption at baseline (2008-2010) and MetS and its components at follow-up (2012-2014), we used Poisson regression models with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: After 4-year follow-up, the higher consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks (≥ 1 serving/day = 250 mL/day) increased the relative risk of MetS (RR = 1.22; 95% CI 1.04-1.45), high fasting glucose (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.01-1.48), and high blood pressure (RR = 1.23; 95% CI 1.00-1.54). Moderate consumption of this beverage (0.4 to < 1 serving/day) increased the relative risk of high waist circumference (WC) (RR = 1.21; 95% CI 1.02-1.42). After adjustment for confounding variables, the consumption of unsweetened fruit juice was not associated with the MetS and its components. CONCLUSION: Higher sugar-sweetened soft drinks consumption was associated with a higher risk relative of MetS, high fasting glucose, and high blood pressure, while moderate consumption of this beverage increased the relative risk of high WC in Brazilian adults.
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Hipertensão , Síndrome Metabólica , Bebidas Adoçadas com Açúcar , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Açúcares , Bebidas Adoçadas com Açúcar/efeitos adversos , Brasil/epidemiologia , GlucoseRESUMO
Sarcopenia and sleep problems share common physiopathology. We aimed to investigate the association of sleep disturbances with sarcopenia and its defining components in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults. In this cross-sectional analysis of the second wave of the ELSA-Brasil study, we included data from 7948 participants aged 50 years and older. Muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and muscle strength by hand-grip strength. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health criteria. Sleep duration and insomnia complaint were self-reported. Short sleep duration was considered as ≤6 h/night and long sleep duration as >8 h/night. High risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was assessed using the STOP-Bang questionnaire. Possible confounders included socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, clinical comorbidities, and use of sedatives and hypnotics. The frequencies of sarcopenia, low muscle mass, and low muscle strength were 1.6, 21.1, and 4.1%, respectively. After adjustment for possible confounders, high risk of OSA was associated with low muscle mass (OR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.92-2.45). Among obese participants, high risk of OSA was associated with low muscle strength (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.07-2.64). However, neither short nor long sleep duration or frequent insomnia complaint were associated with sarcopenia or its defining components. In conclusion, high risk of OSA was associated with low muscle mass in the whole sample and with low muscle strength among obese participants. Future studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationship between both conditions.
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Sarcopenia , Transtornos do Sono-Vigília , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular , Sarcopenia/complicações , Sarcopenia/epidemiologia , Sono , Estados UnidosRESUMO
Sarcopenia and sleep problems share common physiopathology. We aimed to investigate the association of sleep disturbances with sarcopenia and its defining components in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults. In this cross-sectional analysis of the second wave of the ELSA-Brasil study, we included data from 7948 participants aged 50 years and older. Muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and muscle strength by hand-grip strength. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health criteria. Sleep duration and insomnia complaint were self-reported. Short sleep duration was considered as ≤6 h/night and long sleep duration as >8 h/night. High risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was assessed using the STOP-Bang questionnaire. Possible confounders included socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle, clinical comorbidities, and use of sedatives and hypnotics. The frequencies of sarcopenia, low muscle mass, and low muscle strength were 1.6, 21.1, and 4.1%, respectively. After adjustment for possible confounders, high risk of OSA was associated with low muscle mass (OR=2.17, 95%CI: 1.92-2.45). Among obese participants, high risk of OSA was associated with low muscle strength (OR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.07-2.64). However, neither short nor long sleep duration or frequent insomnia complaint were associated with sarcopenia or its defining components. In conclusion, high risk of OSA was associated with low muscle mass in the whole sample and with low muscle strength among obese participants. Future studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationship between both conditions.
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The intertidal mussel B. rodriguezii is a representative species from hard bottom substrates where both anthropogenic and natural stressors are present. Pre-exposure to these different stressors can modify the tolerance to additional stressors such as warming. Moreover, this tolerance can vary depending on intraspecific variables such as the organism's sex. The effects of warming and its intraspecific variability in representative coastal species are crucial to understanding the tolerance to future environmental scenarios. The mussels were collected in different environmental scenarios, including low (Control), chemical (Harbour) and natural stressed (Estuary) sites, and then exposed to different water temperatures (10-30 °C) for 14 days. Lethal and sublethal responses were evaluated in different mussel populations. Thus, cumulative death rate, air survival time, heat shock proteins (HSC70/HSP70), total ubiquitin, catalase (CAT), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were assessed in mussels from different areas and different sexes. The results revealed diminished air survival time and high cumulative mortality rate in mussels collected at the harbour and those exposed to higher temperatures, respectively. The sublethal responses of the field animals showed different patterns according to the different areas investigated. Besides, the results revealed that these differences were also observed between sexes. Regarding the sublethal responses in mussels exposed to warming, the interactive effects of temperature and sites showed a strong influence on all biochemical parameters analyzed (p < 0.001). Therefore, harbour mussels showed a distinct pattern compared to other locations and reflecting the most damaging effects of warming. The influence of sex and its interactions with warming were also crucial in most of the sublethal responses (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis was performed with all sublethal responses, and the different warming scenarios showed different groups according to the sites. In the predicted warming scenarios, males showed no differences between sites. In contrast to males, females showed differences between sites in the predicted and the worse-case warming scenarios. Our results highlight the importance of compensatory mechanisms in the mussel warming tolerance like HSP70. The influence of sex is also crucial in understanding warming tolerance in mussels chronically exposed to pollutants in their natural environment. Also, lethal endpoints are essential for understanding the non-reversibility signature of the observed biochemical responses.
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Ecossistema , Temperatura Alta , Estresse Fisiológico , Animais , Argentina , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Bivalves , Feminino , Geografia , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Análise de Componente PrincipalRESUMO
Chalcones are α,ß-unsaturated ketones containing the 1,3-diarylprop-2-en-1-one framework. This study aims to evaluate the potentiation of antibacterial activity by the chalcone (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(furan-2-yl)-prop-2-en-1-one (C13H11NO2), hereafter named AFPO, against multi-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. AFPO was synthesized using the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction, and the molecular structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The antibacterial and potentiating properties of AFPO were evaluated by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using microdilution plates. The AFPO MIC was 1024 µg/mL for the S. aureus 10 strain, revealing synergy in combination with the following antibiotics: penicillin, norfloxacin, ampicillin/sulbactam, and gentamicin. The AFPO MIC was 256 µg/mL for the E. coli 06 strain, and synergy was observed with norfloxacin, gentamicin, and penicillin. The potentiation of antibacterial activity by AFPO was observed against the strains of S. aureus 10 and E. coli 06.
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Chalcona , Chalconas , Proteínas de Escherichia coli , Simportadores , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Chalcona/farmacologia , Chalconas/farmacologia , Escherichia coli , Furanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study investigated whether the report of mothers about the amount of dentifrice applied on a toothbrush could be a reliable method to estimate the inadvertent use of dentifrices. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a randomly selected sample of 334 mothers of children enrolled in public day care centres of a city in the Brazilian northeast. Initially, the mothers chose the figure corresponding to the amount of dentifrice used during their children's daily toothbrushing. Then, they simulated real-life conditions with the toothbrush routinely used to brush the children's teeth. The amount of dentifrice on toothbrush was weighted using an analytical scale. Data were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The weight of dentifrice on the toothbrush was high (> 0.3 g), mainly considering the categories 'covered only' and 'completely covered' that showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). The proportion of agreement between the mothers' reports and the weight of dentifrice on the toothbrush was 0.23 (CI 0.18-0.28). CONCLUSION: The mothers' report regarding the amount of dentifrice on the toothbrush by demonstrative figures was not a reliable method to estimate the inadvertent ingestion of fluoride from dentifrices.
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Dentifrícios , Brasil , Cariostáticos , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Fluoretos , Humanos , Escovação DentáriaRESUMO
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was solubilized in N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and the electrospinning process has been employed to obtain PAN nanofibers (PF). Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were dispersed with the aid of Triton X-100 surfactant and subsequently centrifugated. Buckypapers (BP/PF) were prepared by vacuum filtration procedure of MWCNT suspension supernatant stacking four PF layers over a nylon membrane. The PF removal was carried out by immersing the BP/PF system in DMF and removal periods of 10 and 30 min were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has not shown any PAN residue in the MWCNT network resulting in highly porous BP. However, by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) a PAN band was found around of 2243 cm-1 corresponding to nitrile group (C≡N). Besides, PAN leftover was evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), electrical characterization through four-point probe, nitrogen adsorption at 77 K, and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
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BACKGROUND: Neuromuscular impairment makes individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) more prone to drooling. Among the treatment options, there are procedures that interfere with saliva production. It is imperative to evaluate the effect of the different modalities since the reduction in salivary flow rate/production may exacerbate the risk of dental caries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different treatments for drooling on caries risk and salivary parameters in children and adolescents with CP. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 142 children and adolescents with CP, aged 6 to 18 years, were assigned to groups based on the different treatments they had received for drooling: G1-anticholinergic drugs (n = 18), G2-botulinum toxin injection (n = 16), G3-salivary glands surgery (n = 16), G4-no treatment (n = 42), and G5-non-drooling subjects (n = 50). All participants were evaluated on the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, and for the prevalence of dental caries (decayed, missing, and filled teeth index and white spot lesions). Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and salivary flow rate and osmolality were measured. Chi-square, ANOVA and Poisson regression were calculated. Prevalence ratios and their respective 95 % confidence intervals were obtained. The significance level was fixed at 5%. RESULTS: No differences were found in the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index (p = 0.128) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (p = 0.674) among the different groups. G3 presented significantly higher percentages of WSL (p < 0.001), lower values of salivary flow rate (p < 0.001), and higher values of osmolality (p < 0.001). The white spot lesion prevalence ratio was higher only for G3 (Prevalence ratio = 14.36; IC 95% = 4.64-44.40; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with CP who had received surgical treatment for drooling exhibited higher number of white spot lesions because of the reduced salivary flow rate and higher salivary osmolality.
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Paralisia Cerebral/complicações , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Sialorreia/complicações , Sialorreia/terapia , Adolescente , Toxinas Botulínicas/uso terapêutico , Brasil , Criança , Antagonistas Colinérgicos/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Higiene Bucal , Concentração Osmolar , Prevalência , Análise de Regressão , Saliva , Glândulas Salivares/cirurgia , Sialorreia/cirurgiaRESUMO
AIM: To examine children's perceptions of dentists and dental treatment and their association with oral health-related quality of life. METHODS: Participants were 60 children, aged 8-10 years old, who completed the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8 - 10), Facial Image Scale (FIS) interview, and picture drawing. RESULTS: The children displayed slight fear and anxiety on the FIS (95.0%). A positive view of the dentist (83.4%) and dental treatment (75.0%) was observed through the drawings. The majority of children (96.7%) noted an impact of oral diseases on quality of life, with no significant differences in gender (p = 0.5791) or age (p = 0.1808). No significant associations were observed between the perceptions of the dentist and dental treatment and the impact of oral diseases on quality of life (p = 0.8131). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of children had a positive image of the dentist and dental treatment, and this perception was not associated with oral health-related quality of life.
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Atitude Frente a Saúde , Ansiedade ao Tratamento Odontológico , Assistência Odontológica para Crianças , Relações Dentista-Paciente , Saúde Bucal , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Qualidade de Vida , Análise de Regressão , Inquéritos e Questionários , Doenças DentáriasRESUMO
The association between subclinical thyroid dysfunctions and autonomic modulation changes has been described by many studies with conflicting results. We aimed to analyze the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCHyper), subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHypo), and heart rate variability (HRV) using the baseline from ELSA-Brasil. SCHyper and SCHypo were classified by use of medication to treat thyroid disorders, thyrotropin levels respectively above and under the reference range, and normal free thyroxine levels. For HRV, the participants underwent 10 min in supine position and the R-R intervals of the final 5 min were selected for analysis. We first used linear regression models to report crude data and then, multivariate adjustment for sociodemographic (age, sex, and race) and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, body mass index, use of alcohol, and leisure physical activity) using the euthyroid group as reference. From 9270 subjects (median age, 50; interquartile range: 44-56), 8623 (93.0%) were classified as euthyroid, 136 (1.5%) as SCHyper, and 511 (5.5%) as SCHypo. Compared to euthyroid subjects, SCHyper participants presented significantly higher heart rate (68.8 vs 66.5 for euthyroidism, P=0.007) and shorter R-R intervals (871.4 vs 901.6, P=0.007). Although SCHyper was associated with lower standard deviation of NN interval (SDNN) (ß: -0.070; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.014 to -0.009) and low-frequency (LF) (ß: -0.242, 95%CI: -0.426 to -0.058) compared to the euthyroid group, these differences lost significance after multivariate adjustment for confounders. No significant differences were found for HRV in SCHypo. No association was found between HRV and SCHyper or SCHypo compared to euthyroid subjects in this sample of apparently healthy subjects.
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Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Idoso , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Tireotropina/sangueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Tetrastarch can cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans with sepsis, but less likely to result in tissue edema than lactated Ringer's solution (LRS). OBJECTIVES: Compare effects of volume replacement (VR) with LRS and 6% tetrastarch solution (TS) on extravascular lung water (EVLW) and markers of AKI in hemorrhaged dogs. ANIMALS: Six healthy English Pointer dogs (19.7-35.3 kg). METHODS: Prospective crossover study. Animals underwent anesthesia without hemorrhage (Control). Two weeks later, dogs hemorrhaged under anesthesia on 2 occasions (8-week washout intervals) and randomly received VR with LRS or TS at 3 : 1 or 1 : 1 of shed blood, respectively. Anesthesia was maintained until 4 hour after VR for EVLW measurements derived from transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and creatinine concentrations in plasma and urine were measured until 72 hour after VR. RESULTS: The EVLW index (mL/kg) was lower at 1 hour after TS (10.0 ± 1.9) in comparison with controls (11.9 ± 3.4, P = 0.04), and at 4 hour after TS (9.7 ± 1.9) in comparison with LRS (11.8 ± 2.7, P = 0.03). Arterial oxygen partial pressure-to-inspired oxygen fraction ratio did not differ among treatments from 0.5 to 4 hour after VR. Urine NGAL/creatinine ratio did not differ among treatments and remained below threshold for AKI (120,000 pg/mg). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Although TS causes less EVLW accumulation than LRS, neither fluid produced evidence of lung edema (impaired oxygenation). Both fluids appear not to cause AKI when used for VR after hemorrhage in healthy nonseptic dogs.
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Água Extravascular Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacos , Derivados de Hidroxietil Amido/farmacologia , Soluções Isotônicas/farmacologia , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Animais , Débito Cardíaco/efeitos dos fármacos , Creatinina/sangue , Creatinina/urina , Estudos Cross-Over , Cães , Feminino , Hemorragia , Derivados de Hidroxietil Amido/efeitos adversos , Isoflurano/administração & dosagem , Soluções Isotônicas/efeitos adversos , Lipocalina-2/sangue , Lipocalina-2/urina , Masculino , Substitutos do Plasma/efeitos adversos , Substitutos do Plasma/farmacologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Lactato de RingerRESUMO
The association between subclinical thyroid dysfunctions and autonomic modulation changes has been described by many studies with conflicting results. We aimed to analyze the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism (SCHyper), subclinical hypothyroidism (SCHypo), and heart rate variability (HRV) using the baseline from ELSA-Brasil. SCHyper and SCHypo were classified by use of medication to treat thyroid disorders, thyrotropin levels respectively above and under the reference range, and normal free thyroxine levels. For HRV, the participants underwent 10 min in supine position and the R-R intervals of the final 5 min were selected for analysis. We first used linear regression models to report crude data and then, multivariate adjustment for sociodemographic (age, sex, and race) and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, body mass index, use of alcohol, and leisure physical activity) using the euthyroid group as reference. From 9270 subjects (median age, 50; interquartile range: 44-56), 8623 (93.0%) were classified as euthyroid, 136 (1.5%) as SCHyper, and 511 (5.5%) as SCHypo. Compared to euthyroid subjects, SCHyper participants presented significantly higher heart rate (68.8 vs 66.5 for euthyroidism, P=0.007) and shorter R-R intervals (871.4 vs 901.6, P=0.007). Although SCHyper was associated with lower standard deviation of NN interval (SDNN) (β: -0.070; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.014 to -0.009) and low-frequency (LF) (β: -0.242, 95%CI: -0.426 to -0.058) compared to the euthyroid group, these differences lost significance after multivariate adjustment for confounders. No significant differences were found for HRV in SCHypo. No association was found between HRV and SCHyper or SCHypo compared to euthyroid subjects in this sample of apparently healthy subjects.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/fisiopatologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Tireotropina/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Longitudinais , Hipertireoidismo/complicações , Hipotireoidismo/complicaçõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the risk of long-term mortality associated with weight and waist circumference (WC) change among older adults, particularly the overweight and obese ones. DESIGN: Cohort Study. SETTING: The Bambuí (Brazil) Cohort Study of Aging. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling elderly (n=1138). MEASUREMENTS: Weight and WC were reassessed three years after baseline. Mortality risk associated with a 5% weight/WC loss and gain was compared to that of weight/WC stability by Cox models adjusted for clinical, behavioral and social known risk factors for death (age, gender, BMI, smoking, diabetes, total cholesterol, hypertension, Chagas disease, major electrocardiographic changes, physical activity, B-type natriuretic peptide, C-reactive protein, creatinine, education and household income). RESULTS: Female sex was predominant (718; 63.1%). Mean age was 68 (6.7) years. Weight stability (696; 61.1%) was more common than weight loss (251; 22.1%) or gain (191; 16.8%). WC remained stable in 422 (37.3%), decreased in 418 (37.0%) and increased in 291 (25.7%) participants. There were 334 (29.3%) deaths over a median follow-up time of 8.0 (6.4-8.0) years from weight/WC reassessment. Weight loss (HR 1.69; 95% CI 1.30-2.21) and gain (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.01-1.85) were associated with increased mortality, except in those who were physically active in which weight gain was associated with decreased mortality. Results were similar for participants who were overweight/obese or with abdominal obesity at baseline (HR 1.41; 95%CI 1.02-1.97 and HR 2.01; 95%CI 1.29-3.12, for weight loss and gain, respectively). WC change was not significantly associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: Although weight loss has been recommended for adults with excessive weight regardless of age, weight change might be detrimental in older adults. Rather than weight loss, clinical interventions should target healthy lifestyle behaviors that contribute to weight stability, particularly physical activity in overweight and obese older adults.
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Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Obesidade/mortalidade , Circunferência da Cintura/fisiologia , Idoso , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a pen-type laser fluorescence (LF) device (LFpen: DIAGNOdent pen) to detect and monitor the progression of caries-like lesions on smooth surfaces. Fifty-two bovine enamel blocks were submitted to three different demineralisation cycles for caries-like lesion induction using Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei and Actinomyces naeslundii. At baseline and after each cycle, the enamel blocks were analysed under Knoop surface micro-hardness (SMH) and an LFpen. One enamel block after each cycle was randomly chosen for Raman spectroscopy analysis. Cross-sectional micro-hardness (CSMH) was performed at different depths (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µm) in 26 enamel blocks after the second cycle and 26 enamel blocks after the third cycle. Average values of SMH (± standard deviation (SD)) were 319.3 (± 21.5), 80.5 (± 31.9), 39.8 (± 12.7), and 29.77 (± 10.34) at baseline and after the first, second and third cycles, respectively. Statistical significant difference was found among all periods (p < 0.01). The LFpen values were 4.3 (± 1.5), 7.5 (± 9.4), 7.1 (± 7.1) and 5.10 (± 3.58) at baseline and after the first, second, and third cycles, respectively, among all periods (p < 0.05). The CSMH values after the second and third cycles at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µm were 182.8 (± 69.8), 226.1 (± 79.6), 247.20 (± 69.36), 262.35 (± 66.36) and 268.45 (± 65.49), and for the third cycle were 193.7 (± 73.4), 239.5 (± 81.5), 262.64 (± 82.46), 287.10 (± 78.44) and 284.79 (± 72.63) (n = 24 and 23), respectively. No correlation was observed between the LFpen and SMH values (p > 0.05). One sample of each cycle was characterised through Raman spectroscopy analysis. It can be concluded that LF was effective in detecting the first demineralisation on enamel; however, the method did not show any effect in monitoring lesion progression after three cycles of in vitro demineralisation.
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Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Fluorescência , Lasers , Análise de Variância , Animais , Bovinos , Esmalte Dentário/patologia , Dureza , Humanos , Análise Espectral Raman , Propriedades de Superfície , Desmineralização do DenteRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: DNA methylation is an important mechanism of gene control expression, and it has been poorly addressed in odontogenic tumours. On this basis, we aimed to assess the methylation pattern of 22 apoptosis-related genes in solid ameloblastomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ameloblastoma fresh samples (n = 10) and dental follicles (n = 8) were included in the study. The percentage fraction of methylated and unmethylated DNA promoter of 22 apoptosis-related genes was determined using enzymatic restriction digestion and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) array. The relative expressions of the genes that showed the most discrepant methylation profile between tumours and controls were analysed by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: Lower methylation percentages of TNFRSF25 (47.2%) and BCL2L11 (33.2%) were observed in ameloblastomas compared with dental follicles (79.3% and 59.5%, respectively). The RT-qPCR analysis showed increased expression of BCL2L11 in ameloblastomas compared with dental follicles, in agreement with the methylation analysis results, while there was no difference between the expression levels of TNFRSF25 between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of our results, the transcription of the apoptosis-related gene BCL2L11 is possibly regulated by promoter DNA methylation in ameloblastoma. The biological significance of this finding in ameloblastoma pathobiology remains to be clarified.
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Ameloblastoma/genética , Proteína 11 Semelhante a Bcl-2/genética , Metilação de DNA , Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Maxilomandibulares/genética , Membro 25 de Receptores de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Adulto , Apoptose/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: Identificar y analizar la asociación entre el uso de tecnologías de asistencia y la fragilidad en los adultos mayores más viejos. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal realizado en Ribeirão Preto, Brasil, con 144 adultos mayores de 80 años y más, de ambos sexos que viven en la comunidad. Para la recolecta de datos fue utilizado el Instrumento del perfil demográfico, la Escala de Fragilidad de Edmonton y el Instrumento de Tecnología de Asistencia. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva y para la asociación, la prueba exacta de Fisher con significación p < 0.05. Resultados: Se observó predominio del sexo femenino, de viudos y de los que viven solos. De los entrevistados, el 77.4% usaban algún tipo de tecnología de asistencia, destacándose el uso de lentes de medida, barras de apoyo y bastón. En la evaluación de la fragilidad, el 23.6% fueron categorizados con fragilidad leve, el 13.1% moderada y el 7.8% grave. A la asociación se verificó significación estadística entre los diferentes niveles de fragilidad con el uso de tecnología de asistencia como el uso de silla de ruedas, bastón, andador y barras de apoyo. Conclusión: El uso de tecnología de asistencia auxilia al adulto mayor frágil para mayor independencia funcional y autonomía en el desarrollo de sus actividades cotidianas.
Objective: To identify and analyze the association between the use of assisting technologies and the frailty in aged 80 years and older. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive and transversal study conducted in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, with a sample of 144 aged 80 years and older of both sexes and living in the community. Data were gathered through the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS), and the Assisting Technology Instrument. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test at a significant level of p < 0.05. Results: A prevalence of females, widowed, and living alone was observed. From those interviewed, 77.4% used some assisting technology, mainly lenses and supporting banisters. Concerning frailty assessment, 23.6% were considered as mild, 13.1% as moderate, and 7.8% as severe. A statistically significant association with the use of assisting technologies such as wheel chairs, banisters, and walkers was verified at all frailty levels. Conclusion: The use of assisting technologies can help elder adults achieve a more functional independence and autonomy in their daily life activities.
Objetivo: Identificar e analisar a associação entre o uso de tecnologias de assistência e fragilidade em idosos mais velhos. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo de corte transversal realizado em Ribeirão Preto, Brasil com 144 idosos de 80 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos que vivem na comunidade. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o Instrumento de Perfil Demográfico, Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton e o Instrumento de Tecnologia de Assistência. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se estatística descritiva e para a associação a Prova Exata de Fisher com significância p < 0.05. Resultados: Observou-se predomínio do sexo feminino, viúvos e os que vivem sós. Dos entrevistados, o 77.4% usavam algum tipo de tecnologia de assistência, destacando-se o uso de lentes com graduação, barras de apoio e bengala. Na avaliação da fragilidade, o 23.5% foram categorizados com fragilidade leve, o 13.1% moderada e o 7.8% grave. À associação verificou-se significância estatística entre os diferentes níveis de fragilidade com o uso de tecnologia de assistência, tal como o uso de cadeira de rodas, bengala, andador e barras de apoio. Conclusão: o uso de tecnologia de assistência auxilia ao idoso frágil para maior independência funcional e autonomia no desenvolvimento de suas atividades cotidianas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Associação , Tecnologia , IdosoRESUMO
The compound 4-(Phenylsulfonyl) morpholine belongs to the class of sulfonamides, which are widely used in the treatment of a large number of diseases caused by microorganisms. This compound has a morpholine group, which is also known for its antimicrobial properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial and modulating activity of 4-(Phenylsulfonyl) morpholine against standard and multi-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and strains of the fungi Candida albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Antimicrobial activity was assessed based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the microdilution method. MIC was ⩾1024 µg/mL for all microorganisms. Regarding modulating activity, the most representative effect occurred with the combination of 4-(Phenylsulfonyl) morpholine at a concentration of 128 µg/mL (MIC 1/8) and amikacin against P. aeruginosa 03, with a reduction in MIC from 312.5 to 39.06 µg/mL.
RESUMO
AIM: This was to assess and compare risk factors for traumatic dental injury (TDI) among children/adolescents with and without autism spectrum disorders (ASD). METHODS: The study consisted of 122 children and adolescents (98 males, 24 females), 61 with ASD (study group) and 61 without ASD (control group, CG). Dental injuries were determined according to Andreasenss classification. The cause, location and type of activity at the time of trauma were recorded from patient/carer recollection. RESULTS: Subjects with ASD presented higher percentages of TDI in routine activities (P = 0.003), falling while walking and episodes of self-harm (P = 0.007) in the individual's own residence (P = 0.036). TDI prevalence in the ASD group was higher (39.3%) than in the CG (26.2%) though not significant, (P = 0.123). Girls with ASD presented a significantly higher TDI percentage (50.0%) compared with girls from the CG (8.3%) (P = 0.024). Enamel fracture was the most frequent type of TDI for both groups (P = 0.292). The teeth most commonly affected were #11 and #21 for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with ASD exhibit different risk factors for TDI compared with those without ASD, and girls with ASD are more prone than boys.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Espectro Autista/complicações , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Incisivo , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The prevalence of obesity has increased to epidemic status worldwide. Thousands of morbidly obese individuals undergo bariatric surgery for sustained weight loss; however, mid- and long-term outcomes of this surgery are still uncertain. Our objective was to estimate the 10-year mortality rate, and determine risk factors associated with death in young morbidly obese adults who underwent bariatric surgery. All patients who underwent open Roux-in-Y gastric bypass surgery between 2001 and 2010, covered by an insurance company, were analyzed to determine possible associations between risk factors present at the time of surgery and deaths related and unrelated to the surgery. Among the 4344 patients included in the study, 79% were female with a median age of 34.9 years and median body mass index (BMI) of 42 kg/m2. The 30-day and 10-year mortality rates were 0.55 and 3.34%, respectively, and 53.7% of deaths were related to early or late complications following bariatric surgery. Among these, 42.7% of the deaths were due to sepsis and 24.3% to cardiovascular complications. Male gender, age ≥50 years, BMI ≥50 kg/m2, and hypertension significantly increased the hazard for all deaths (P<0.001). Age ≥50 years, BMI ≥50 kg/m2, and surgeon inexperience elevated the hazard of death from causes related to surgery. Male gender and age ≥50 years were the factors associated with increased mortality from death not related to surgery. The overall risk of death after bariatric surgery was quite low, and half of the deaths were related to the surgery. Older patients and superobese patients were at greater risk of surgery-related deaths, as were patients operated on by less experienced surgeons.