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Resumo É apresentado o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 77 anos, internada por pielonefrite e tratada com antibóticos de amplo espectro, tendo desenvolvido endoftalmite endógena bilateral presumida por Candida. Foi submetida à vitrectomia via pars plana e injeção intravítrea de anfotericina B, além de voriconazol oral. São abordados, ainda, os aspectos clínicos da endoftalmite endógena por meio de revisão da literatura.

Abstract A 77 year-old female patient suffering from pyelonephritis developed bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis presumed by Candida after have been treated with global spectrum antibiotics. Early vitrectomy and intravitreal amphotericin B injection were performed, in addition to oral voriconazole. Clinical aspects of endogenous endophthalmitis are also pointed out by a literature review.

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Capuchin monkeys are a species of arboreal primate found in all South American countries. These monkeys have been highlighted for their potential for biomedical research due to their anatomic and physiologic similarities and genetic homology with humans. Here we characterized the electrocardiographic tracings from 12 healthy, young capuchin monkeys that were restrained with ketamine and midazolam. All 12 monkeys had normal sinus rhythms. Neither P-wave duration, PR interval, QT interval, nor P- or R-wave amplitude (in millivolts) differed between males and females. The P waves were small, monophasic, and positive in all animals. The QRS complex showed positive polarity in the D1, D2, aVL, aVF, V2, V4, and V10 derivations and negative polarity in the D3, aVR, and rV2 leads. The T wave exhibited a negative polarity only in the aVR derivation in all animals in the study, and no significant difference was present between sexes. The ST segment was isoelectric in both sexes and lacked reductions and elevations. The anesthetic protocol was well tolerated all of the monkeys and allowed for diagnostic-quality acquisition, measurement, and characterization of the electrocardiogram and establishment of the normal electrocardiographic parameters of chemically restrained capuchin monkeys.

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Small ruminant lentiviruses (LV) is the generic term for the caprine arthritis-encephalitis and ­­Maedi-Visna viruses, which belong to the Retroviridae family, Orthoretrovirinae subfamily, Lentivirus genus. The virus infects goats and sheep, causing slow course of disease with inflammatory, chronic and degenerative lesions, which can reach several organs, provoking cachexia and death. Infected animals eliminate the virus mainly through secretions and excretions and transmit it especially in close contact situations. There is no treatment to date. The control is based on segregated creation, management and sacrifice of the positive. This infectious agent has been reported in various parts of the world and is responsible for significant economic losses. It was verified in several states of Brazil and there are seroepidemiological data in southeast and southwest mesoregions of Piauí, Brazil. This research aimed to perform serological survey to investigate the occurrence of antibodies to LV in sheep and goats, in the regions of Alto Médio Canindé, Picos and Floriano. So, 1,280 and 1,360 serum goats and sheep samples, respectively, were collected, coming from 20 municipalities, distributed in the 3 microregions. The number of samples was proportional to the actual herd of each municipality. The samples were analyzed using the agar gel immunodiffusion test. None of the surveyed sera reacted positively, though there is a null seroprevalence. It was emphasized the importance of implementing a rigorous control program in order to prevent the introduction and spread of this infectious agent in these microregions.(AU)

Lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LV) é o termo genérico utilizado para designar os vírus da artrite encefalite caprina e Maedi-Visna, os quais pertencem à família Retroviridae, subfamília Orthoretrovirinae, gênero Lentivirus. Tais vírus infectam caprinos e ovinos, causando enfermidades de curso lento com lesões inflamatórias, crônicas e degenerativas que podem atingir vários órgãos, provocando caquexia e morte. Os animais infectados eliminam o vírus sobretudo por meio de secreções e excreções e transmitem-no especialmente em situações de estreito contato. Não há tratamento até o momento. O controle é baseado na criação segregada, no manejo e no sacrifício dos positivos. Esse agente infeccioso já foi relatado em várias partes do mundo, sendo responsável por perdas econômicas significativas. Por o agente ter sido verificado em vários estados do Brasil e por não existirem dados soroepidemiológicos nas mesorregiões sudeste e sudoeste piauiense, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar inquérito sorológico para investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos para o LV em ovinos e caprinos nas microrregiões do Alto Médio Canindé, Picos e Floriano, no Piauí. Para tanto, foram coletadas 1.280 e 1.360 amostras de soro caprino e ovino, respectivamente, oriundos de 20 municípios, distribuídos nas três microrregiões, sendo o número de amostras proporcional ao rebanho efetivo de cada município. As amostras de soro foram analisadas utilizando o teste de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA). Nenhum dos soros pesquisados reagiu positivamente, constatando-se soroprevalência nula. Ressalta-se a importância da implantação de um rigoroso programa de controle para que se possa evitar a introdução e/ou a disseminação desse agente infeccioso nessas microrregiões.(AU)

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Lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LV) é o termo genérico utilizado para designar os vírus da artrite encefalite caprina e Maedi-Visna, os quais pertencem à família Retroviridae, subfamília Orthoretrovirinae, gênero Lentivirus. Tais vírus infectam caprinos e ovinos, causando enfermidades de curso lento com lesões inflamatórias, crônicas e degenerativas que podem atingir vários órgãos, provocando caquexia e morte. Os animais infectados eliminam o vírus sobretudo por meio de secreções e excreções e transmitem-no especialmente em situações de estreito contato. Não há tratamento até o momento. O controle é baseado na criação segregada, no manejo e no sacrifício dos positivos. Esse agente infeccioso já foi relatado em várias partes do mundo, sendo responsável por perdas econômicas significativas. Por o agente ter sido verificado em vários estados do Brasil e por não existirem dados soroepidemiológicos nas mesorregiões sudeste e sudoeste piauiense, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar inquérito sorológico para investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos para o LV em ovinos e caprinos nas microrregiões do Alto Médio Canindé, Picos e Floriano, no Piauí. Para tanto, foram coletadas 1.280 e 1.360 amostras de soro caprino e ovino, respectivamente, oriundos de 20 municípios, distribuídos nas três microrregiões, sendo o número de amostras proporcional ao rebanho efetivo de cada município. As amostras de soro foram analisadas utilizando o teste de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA). Nenhum dos soros pesquisados reagiu positivamente, constatando-se soroprevalência nula. Ressalta-se a importância da implantação de um rigoroso programa de controle para que se possa evitar a introdução e/ou a disseminação desse agente infeccioso nessas microrregiões.(AU)

Small ruminant lentiviruses (LV) is the generic term for the caprine arthritis-encephalitis and ­­Maedi-Visna viruses, which belong to the Retroviridae family, Orthoretrovirinae subfamily, Lentivirus genus. The virus infects goats and sheep, causing slow course of disease with inflammatory, chronic and degenerative lesions, which can reach several organs, provoking cachexia and death. Infected animals eliminate the virus mainly through secretions and excretions and transmit it especially in close contact situations. There is no treatment to date. The control is based on segregated creation, management and sacrifice of the positive. This infectious agent has been reported in various parts of the world and is responsible for significant economic losses. It was verified in several states of Brazil and there are seroepidemiological data in southeast and southwest mesoregions of Piauí, Brazil. This research aimed to perform serological survey to investigate the occurrence of antibodies to LV in sheep and goats, in the regions of Alto Médio Canindé, Picos and Floriano. So, 1,280 and 1,360 serum goats and sheep samples, respectively, were collected, coming from 20 municipalities, distributed in the 3 microregions. The number of samples was proportional to the actual herd of each municipality. The samples were analyzed using the agar gel immunodiffusion test. None of the surveyed sera reacted positively, though there is a null seroprevalence. It was emphasized the importance of implementing a rigorous control program in order to prevent the introduction and spread of this infectious agent in these microregions.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Small ruminant lentiviruses (LV) is the generic term for the caprine arthritis-encephalitis and ­­Maedi-Visna viruses, which belong to the Retroviridae family, Orthoretrovirinae subfamily, Lentivirus genus. The virus infects goats and sheep, causing slow course of disease with inflammatory, chronic and degenerative lesions, which can reach several organs, provoking cachexia and death. Infected animals eliminate the virus mainly through secretions and excretions and transmit it especially in close contact situations. There is no treatment to date. The control is based on segregated creation, management and sacrifice of the positive. This infectious agent has been reported in various parts of the world and is responsible for significant economic losses. It was verified in several states of Brazil and there are seroepidemiological data in southeast and southwest mesoregions of Piauí, Brazil. This research aimed to perform serological survey to investigate the occurrence of antibodies to LV in sheep and goats, in the regions of Alto Médio Canindé, Picos and Floriano. So, 1,280 and 1,360 serum goats and sheep samples, respectively, were collected, coming from 20 municipalities, distributed in the 3 microregions. The number of samples was proportional to the actual herd of each municipality. The samples were analyzed using the agar gel immunodiffusion test. None of the surveyed sera reacted positively, though there is a null seroprevalence. It was emphasized the importance of implementing a rigorous control program in order to prevent the introduction and spread of this infectious agent in these microregions.

Lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LV) é o termo genérico utilizado para designar os vírus da artrite encefalite caprina e Maedi-Visna, os quais pertencem à família Retroviridae, subfamília Orthoretrovirinae, gênero Lentivirus. Tais vírus infectam caprinos e ovinos, causando enfermidades de curso lento com lesões inflamatórias, crônicas e degenerativas que podem atingir vários órgãos, provocando caquexia e morte. Os animais infectados eliminam o vírus sobretudo por meio de secreções e excreções e transmitem-no especialmente em situações de estreito contato. Não há tratamento até o momento. O controle é baseado na criação segregada, no manejo e no sacrifício dos positivos. Esse agente infeccioso já foi relatado em várias partes do mundo, sendo responsável por perdas econômicas significativas. Por o agente ter sido verificado em vários estados do Brasil e por não existirem dados soroepidemiológicos nas mesorregiões sudeste e sudoeste piauiense, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar inquérito sorológico para investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos para o LV em ovinos e caprinos nas microrregiões do Alto Médio Canindé, Picos e Floriano, no Piauí. Para tanto, foram coletadas 1.280 e 1.360 amostras de soro caprino e ovino, respectivamente, oriundos de 20 municípios, distribuídos nas três microrregiões, sendo o número de amostras proporcional ao rebanho efetivo de cada município. As amostras de soro foram analisadas utilizando o teste de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA). Nenhum dos soros pesquisados reagiu positivamente, constatando-se soroprevalência nula. Ressalta-se a importância da implantação de um rigoroso programa de controle para que se possa evitar a introdução e/ou a disseminação desse agente infeccioso nessas microrregiões.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and to calculate the prevalence ofLeptospirosis in goats in municipalities of the Upper Gurguéia micro region of the State of Piauí. A total of 143goat samples were collected from four (4) municipalities of the micro-region. Applied an epidemiologicalquestionnaire with possible risk factors. The diagnosis was made by the microscopic sero-agglutination (SAM)technique against 22 pathogenic serovars. The reagents were determined serovar appears when 50% or moreagglutination reaction on the cutting point titer of 1: 100. The overall prevalence was 9.09%. SerumIcterohaemorrhagiae were found in 5.59%, Grippotyphosa in 1.4%, Icterohaemorragiae + Pomona (0.7%),Icterohaemorrhagiae + Canicola (0.7%) and Icterohaemorrhagiae + Autumnalis (0.7%). It is concluded that inthe studied region it has a high prevalence for leptospirosis and that there are no measures of controls tocontain the risk factors.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Mauritia flexuosa oil on the structural integrity of spermcryopreserved goats. four clinically healthy goats were used. thirty-two samples were taken, with dilution inTris-egg yolk-glycerol and diluent containing vegetable oil (Mauritia flexuoxa). After cryopreservation, thesamples were thawed and evaluated for sperm plasma membrane integrity parameters of acrosome andmitochondrial activity. The percentage of cells with mitochondrial activity and acrosome integrity were higher inthe control group (P 0.05). The addition of the seminal Mauritia flexuoxa thinner not kept mitochondrial activityparameters and plasma membrane integrity of sperm at levels similar to conventional thinner, but was able tomaintain the integrity of the sperm plasma membrane.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Tris use supplemented with Mauritia Flexuoxa oilas diluent for goat semen cryopreservation. four goats, clinically healthy were used. The animals were fed dailywith roughage, concentrate and mineral salt will. Initially, we conducted a toxicity test total of 32 collections.After the toxicity test, the concentration was chosen that showed the best result. Soon after, there were 32 morecollections, which were diluted in Tris-egg yolk-glycerol (control group) or GC diluent containing vegetable oil(Mauritia flexuoxa) GB. Samples were cryopreserved with the aid of Tk3000® device. Subsequently sampleswere thawed and analyzed for motility and sperm morphology force. It was observed obtaining post thawmotility in the group plus oil burity which shows a possible alternative to replacement products derived fromanimal origin.

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Leptospirosis, considered a zoonosis of universal distribution, is responsible for a decrease in theproductive and reproductive indexes of the herds because they result in abortion, repetition of estrus, placentalretention and consequently economic losses. Considering the economic importance of sheep farming in the stateof Piauí and the microregion, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-leptospiraantibodies in sheep from the Upper-Middle-Gurguéia micro-region in the state of Piauí. Blood samples werecollected from 100 sheep from 03 municipalities in the Upper-Middle Gurguéia micro-region. To investigateanti-leptospira antibodies was performed the Serum Microscopic Agglutination (SAM) technique. The presenceof anti-leptospira antibodies in sheep exploited in the Upper-Middle Gurguéia micro-region was verified.Therefore, preventive control measures to avoid introduction as well as combat measures for the control ofLeptospirosis in the sheep herd of the Upper-Middle Gurguéia microregion are necessary.

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Leptospirosis, considered a zoonosis of universal distribution, is responsible for a decrease in theproductive and reproductive indexes of the herds because they result in abortion, repetition of estrus, placentalretention and consequently economic losses. Considering the economic importance of sheep farming in the stateof Piauí and the microregion, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-leptospiraantibodies in sheep from the Upper-Middle-Gurguéia micro-region in the state of Piauí. Blood samples werecollected from 100 sheep from 03 municipalities in the Upper-Middle Gurguéia micro-region. To investigateanti-leptospira antibodies was performed the Serum Microscopic Agglutination (SAM) technique. The presenceof anti-leptospira antibodies in sheep exploited in the Upper-Middle Gurguéia micro-region was verified.Therefore, preventive control measures to avoid introduction as well as combat measures for the control ofLeptospirosis in the sheep herd of the Upper-Middle Gurguéia microregion are necessary.(AU)

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Tris use supplemented with Mauritia Flexuoxa oilas diluent for goat semen cryopreservation. four goats, clinically healthy were used. The animals were fed dailywith roughage, concentrate and mineral salt will. Initially, we conducted a toxicity test total of 32 collections.After the toxicity test, the concentration was chosen that showed the best result. Soon after, there were 32 morecollections, which were diluted in Tris-egg yolk-glycerol (control group) or GC diluent containing vegetable oil(Mauritia flexuoxa) GB. Samples were cryopreserved with the aid of Tk3000® device. Subsequently sampleswere thawed and analyzed for motility and sperm morphology force. It was observed obtaining post thawmotility in the group plus oil burity which shows a possible alternative to replacement products derived fromanimal origin.(AU)

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RESUMO

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Mauritia flexuosa oil on the structural integrity of spermcryopreserved goats. four clinically healthy goats were used. thirty-two samples were taken, with dilution inTris-egg yolk-glycerol and diluent containing vegetable oil (Mauritia flexuoxa). After cryopreservation, thesamples were thawed and evaluated for sperm plasma membrane integrity parameters of acrosome andmitochondrial activity. The percentage of cells with mitochondrial activity and acrosome integrity were higher inthe control group (P <0.05). There was no difference in the percentage of cells with membrane integrity betweenthe groups (P > 0.05). The addition of the seminal Mauritia flexuoxa thinner not kept mitochondrial activityparameters and plasma membrane integrity of sperm at levels similar to conventional thinner, but was able tomaintain the integrity of the sperm plasma membrane.(AU)

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RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors and to calculate the prevalence ofLeptospirosis in goats in municipalities of the Upper Gurguéia micro region of the State of Piauí. A total of 143goat samples were collected from four (4) municipalities of the micro-region. Applied an epidemiologicalquestionnaire with possible risk factors. The diagnosis was made by the microscopic sero-agglutination (SAM)technique against 22 pathogenic serovars. The reagents were determined serovar appears when 50% or moreagglutination reaction on the cutting point titer of 1: 100. The overall prevalence was 9.09%. SerumIcterohaemorrhagiae were found in 5.59%, Grippotyphosa in 1.4%, Icterohaemorragiae + Pomona (0.7%),Icterohaemorrhagiae + Canicola (0.7%) and Icterohaemorrhagiae + Autumnalis (0.7%). It is concluded that inthe studied region it has a high prevalence for leptospirosis and that there are no measures of controls tocontain the risk factors.(AU)

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In this review, we discuss about current knowledge about stem cell (SC) therapy in the treatment of retinal degeneration. Both human embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell has been growth in culture for a long time, and started to be explored in the treatment of blinding conditions. The Food and Drug Administration, recently, has granted clinical trials using SC retinal therapy to treat complex disorders, as Stargardt's dystrophy, and patients with geographic atrophy, providing good outcomes. This study's intent is to overview the critical regeneration of the subretinal anatomy through retinal pigment epithelium transplantation, with the goal of reestablish important pathways from the retina to the occipital cortex of the brain, as well as the differentiation from pluripotent quiescent SC to adult retina, and its relationship with a primary retinal injury, different techniques of transplantation, management of immune rejection and tumorigenicity, its potential application in improving patients' vision, and, finally, approaching future directions and challenges for the treatment of several conditions.

RESUMO

In this study, the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding pesticide use and the levels of exposure of farmers and residents to organophosphorous and/or carbamates pesticides were evaluated in two rural settings in Brazil. A questionnaire was completed by 112 farm workers aged ≥18 years. Almost all farmers acknowledged that pesticides were potentially harmful to their health (87.5%); however, over half rarely (48.2%) or never (7.2%) used personal protective devices (PPDs). An association was found (p = 0.001) between the work regimen and the use of PPDs, with more frequent equipment use among hired laborers than those involved in family agriculture. A significant correlation (p = 0.027) was found between the reporting of adverse symptoms and the use of backpack sprayers. Mean AChE activities of farmers (n = 64) and residents (n = 18) during the exposure and non-exposure periods were significantly lower than their control groups. Mean BChE activities of farmers and residents were significantly lower than their controls during the exposure period. Among the 60 farmers that had blood samples collected in both the exposure and non-exposure (baseline) periods, 10 (16.7%) had AChE depletion of over 30% during the exposure period compared with the baseline level. Six residents living on the same farms also presented this depletion. AChE was over 30% higher than the baseline level for 19 farmers (31.7%), indicating a reboot effect. Special education programs are needed in these regions to promote the safe use of pesticides in the field to decrease the risks from exposure to pesticides for farmers, and from secondary exposure to these compounds for their families.

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A case of a 53 year-old female patient who developed branch retinal vein occlusion after six 3 mg/kg Infliximab infusions for rheumatoid arthritis treatment is reported. Hematological disorders, cardiopathy and chronic systemic hypertension evaluation were negative. The relationship between the infliximab therapy and the development of retinal vein occlusion raises awareness of the possibility of a potential side effect of this medication.

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PURPOSE: To investigate spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings and compare them with time domain (TD)-OCT imaging of macula and retinochoroiditis lesions of patients with toxoplasmosis. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Ten eyes of 10 patients with active toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis were included. Morphologic features from the macula and retinochoroiditis lesions were obtained at baseline and at 6-week follow up. Scan acquisition protocols for TD-OCT included raster and radial lines through the retinochoroiditis lesion, fast macular, and a linear scan from the lesion to the fovea, whereas the acquisition protocols for SD-OCT also included horizontal volume scans at the lesion site and at the macula. Thickness measurements obtained by SD-OCT were analyzed. RESULTS: At baseline, macular serous retinal detachment was observed in five patients; two of them only seen by SD-OCT. Retinochoroidal lesions were 4260 µm distant from the fovea on average (R = 681-7130) and this distance had an indirect correlation to the presence of macular detachment. Epiretinal membrane and vitreo-macular traction were also observed. The posterior hyaloid was not identified in four patients by TD-OCT and only in one by SD-OCT at baseline. Perilesional subretinal fluid was observed in two patients. The median retinal thickness significantly decreased at the retinochoroiditis lesion (P = 0.0004), and all the patients remained with disorganized retinal layers reflectivity at follow up. CONCLUSION: SD-OCT is a useful tool in the diagnosis of macular changes related with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. SD-OCT is superior in evaluating retinal changes associated with ocular toxoplasmosis.

RESUMO

Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente, de 53 anos, com quadro de oclusão de ramo venoso da retina após receber seis infusões de infliximabe (3 mg/kg/dose), para tratamento de artrite reumatóide. A investigação clínica e laboratorial sobre distúrbios de coagulação, cardiopatias e sinais de hipertensão arterial crônica foi negativa. A relação temporal do uso de infliximabe e o desenvolvimento do quadro de oclusão de ramo pode indicar um possível efeito adverso da medicação.

A case of a 53 year-old female patient who developed branch retinal vein occlusion after six 3 mg/kg Infliximab infusions for rheumatoid arthritis treatment is reported. Hematological disorders, cardiopathy and chronic systemic hypertension evaluation were negative. The relationship between the infliximab therapy and the development of retinal vein occlusion raises awareness of the possibility of a potential side effect of this medication.

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O efeito anti-helmintico da folha de Morinda citrifolia (noni) sobre Ascaridia galli foi avaliado em aves poedeiras naturalmente infectadas. A atividade anti-helmintica in vitro foi determinada em helmintos adultos colocados em placas de petri descartáveis, contendo solução Tyrode pré-aquecida, a qual foi adicionado o extrato aquoso e etanólico e mantidos numa BOD a uma temperatura de 37ºC (+ - 1). Os extratos aquosos e etanólicos foram usados nas seguintes concentrações: 0,87; 1,74; 3,48; 6,69 e 13,92 mg. ml, e 4,17; 8,34; 16,68; 33,36 e 66,72 mg. ml, respectivamente. Como controle positivo usou-se uma solução de citrato de piperzina tetrahidratada na concentração de 50 mg. ml. A atividade anti-helmintica in vivo foi determinada em aves, adminstrando durante três dias consecutivos o extrato aquoso etanólico (10ml/kg). As fezes foram coletadas durante quatro dias por grupo, em sequida lavadas em água corrente e peneiradas. No quinto dia de tratamento, as aves foram sacrificadas e necropsiadas, para contagem e identificação dos helmintos remanescentes. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o teste de Student Newman-Keuls. No teste in vivo, não houve diferença significativa entre o extrato aquoso (concentração de 10%) e o grupo controle (água) (p>0,05) na eliminação do A. galli. O extrato etanólico apresentou un percentual de eliminação de 30,1%, diferindo estatisticamente do grupo controle (p<0,05). Na concentração 13,92 mg. ml, para o teste in vitro, o extrato aquoso apresentou percentagem de mortalidade de 96,67%, semelhante ao obtido pela piperazina (100%), diferindo estatisticamente do controle negativo (p<0,05). Nas concentrações 33,36 e 66,72 mg. ml, o extrato etanólico apresentou percentagem de mortalidade de 83,33 e 90%, respectivamente havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa do controle negativo (p<0,05). Conclui-se que a atividade anti-helmintica da folha do noni apresentou no teste in vitro resultados expressivos, havendo necessidade de estudos com maiores concentrações no teste in vivo.

The anthelmintic effect of Morinda citrifolia (noni) leaf on Ascaridia galli was evaluated in chicken naturally infected. The anthelmintic activity in vitro was determined in adults helminthes in disposable Petri dishes, containing Tyrode solution, pre warmed in which aqueous and ethanolic extracts were added. The stuff was maintained in a BOD at 37ºC (+1). The Aqueous and ethanolic extracts presented the following concentration: 0,87; 1,74; 3,48; 6,96; e 13,92 mg.ml. e 4,17; 8,34; 16,68; 33,36 e 66,72 mg.ml, respectively. As a positive control a solution of tetrahidrate citrate of peperazin in the concentration of 50 mg.ml was used. The abthelmintic activity in vivo was determined by the administration of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts (10 ml/Kg) during thee consecutive days. The feces were collected during four days in each group, washed in water and sifted. In the fifth day of treatment, the chicken were cuthanized and necropsy was performed in order to count and identify remaining the helminthes. The data were analyzed by the Student-Newman-kents test. In the in vivo test there was no significative difference between the aqueous extract and the control group (water) (p>0,05) in the elimination oof A. galli. The ethanolic extract presented an elimination of 30,1%, differing statiscally from the control group (P< 0,05). In the concentration of 13,92 mg.ml, for the in vitro test, the aquous extract presented a mortality of 96,67%, almost the same obtained by piperazin (100%), differing statistically from form the negative control (p<0,05). In the concentration of 33,36 and 66,72 mg.ml, the ethanolic extract showed a mortality of 83,33 and 90% respectively, there was a significative statistical difference from the negative control (p<0,05). It follows that the anthelmintic activity noni leaf of the test showed expressive results in vitro., there is a need for studies in higher concentrations in the test in vivo.

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RESUMO

O efeito anti-helmintico da folha de Morinda citrifolia (noni) sobre Ascaridia galli foi avaliado em aves poedeiras naturalmente infectadas. A atividade anti-helmintica in vitro foi determinada em helmintos adultos colocados em placas de petri descartáveis, contendo solução Tyrode pré-aquecida, a qual foi adicionado o extrato aquoso e etanólico e mantidos numa BOD a uma temperatura de 37ºC (+ - 1). Os extratos aquosos e etanólicos foram usados nas seguintes concentrações: 0,87; 1,74; 3,48; 6,69 e 13,92 mg. ml, e 4,17; 8,34; 16,68; 33,36 e 66,72 mg. ml, respectivamente. Como controle positivo usou-se uma solução de citrato de piperzina tetrahidratada na concentração de 50 mg. ml. A atividade anti-helmintica in vivo foi determinada em aves, adminstrando durante três dias consecutivos o extrato aquoso etanólico (10ml/kg). As fezes foram coletadas durante quatro dias por grupo, em sequida lavadas em água corrente e peneiradas. No quinto dia de tratamento, as aves foram sacrificadas e necropsiadas, para contagem e identificação dos helmintos remanescentes. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o teste de Student Newman-Keuls. No teste in vivo, não houve diferença significativa entre o extrato aquoso (concentração de 10%) e o grupo controle (água) (p>0,05) na eliminação do A. galli. O extrato etanólico apresentou un percentual de eliminação de 30,1%, diferindo estatisticamente do grupo controle (p<0,05). Na concentração 13,92 mg. ml, para o teste in vitro, o extrato aquoso apresentou percentagem de mortalidade de 96,67%, semelhante ao obtido pela piperazina (100%), diferindo estatisticamente do controle negativo (p<0,05). Nas concentrações 33,36 e 66,72 mg. ml, o extrato etanólico apresentou percentagem de mortalidade de 83,33 e 90%, respectivamente havendo diferença estatisticamente significativa do controle negativo (p<0,05). Conclui-se que a atividade anti-helmintica da folha do noni apresentou no teste in vitro resultados expressivos, havendo necessidade de estudos com maiores concentrações no teste in vivo.(AU)

The anthelmintic effect of Morinda citrifolia (noni) leaf on Ascaridia galli was evaluated in chicken naturally infected. The anthelmintic activity in vitro was determined in adults helminthes in disposable Petri dishes, containing Tyrode solution, pre warmed in which aqueous and ethanolic extracts were added. The stuff was maintained in a BOD at 37ºC (+1). The Aqueous and ethanolic extracts presented the following concentration: 0,87; 1,74; 3,48; 6,96; e 13,92 mg.ml. e 4,17; 8,34; 16,68; 33,36 e 66,72 mg.ml, respectively. As a positive control a solution of tetrahidrate citrate of peperazin in the concentration of 50 mg.ml was used. The abthelmintic activity in vivo was determined by the administration of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts (10 ml/Kg) during thee consecutive days. The feces were collected during four days in each group, washed in water and sifted. In the fifth day of treatment, the chicken were cuthanized and necropsy was performed in order to count and identify remaining the helminthes. The data were analyzed by the Student-Newman-kents test. In the in vivo test there was no significative difference between the aqueous extract and the control group (water) (p>0,05) in the elimination oof A. galli. The ethanolic extract presented an elimination of 30,1%, differing statiscally from the control group (P< 0,05). In the concentration of 13,92 mg.ml, for the in vitro test, the aquous extract presented a mortality of 96,67%, almost the same obtained by piperazin (100%), differing statistically from form the negative control (p<0,05). In the concentration of 33,36 and 66,72 mg.ml, the ethanolic extract showed a mortality of 83,33 and 90% respectively, there was a significative statistical difference from the negative control (p<0,05). It follows that the anthelmintic activity noni leaf of the test showed expressive results in vitro., there is a need for studies in higher concentrations in the test in vivo.(AU)

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