RESUMO
In semi-arid regions, agricultural production is often limited due to scarcity and rainfall irregularities, and, therefore, the production system depends on irrigation. In this direction, the research aimed to evaluate the influence of the reduction of water losses in the soil through the coating of the lateral faces of the planting furrows with plastic film, by lateral infiltration of water and bovine biofertilizers for growth in height, production, and chlorophyll responses of tomato cv. Fascínio F1 irrigated with moderately saline water. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks, in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with 4 replicates and 21 plants per plot. Different conditions were used and compared with each other: the furrow had side coating or not, and the soil received a common biofertilizer (fresh lactating bovine manure), chemically enriched fertilizer (common biofertilizer, milk, molasses, and gypsum), or no fertilizer at all. The variables evaluated were soil moisture, plant height, a, b, and total chlorophyll content, number and average fruit mass, tomato production, and productivity. The enriched bovine biofertilizer associated with the lateral furrow coating increased the synthesis of chlorophyll pigments, the number of fruits per plant, and the productivity of tomato cv. Fascínio F1. Protecting the faces of the furrows against water losses from the root environment of plants keeps the soil moist, stimulates the synthesis of chlorophyll, and increases the average mass of the fruits. The common bovine biofertilizer promotes greater growth in plant height, and the chemically enriched biofertilizer increases the average weight of tomato fruits.
RESUMO
Métodos associados à jardinagem tornaram-se uma boa alternativa de lazer para lidar com o isolamento social e as dificuldades geradas pela pandemia da COVID19. Com este estudo objetivou-se avaliar motivação da população para a prática da jardinagem antes e durante o isolamento social e suas principais contribuições. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um questionário contendo 23 questões, e divulgado via internet. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados em planilha de Excel e posteriormente alguns dados foram analisados com o auxílio do software estatístico R versão 4.1.0 para Windows. Diante do presente estudo foi possível observar que a população acredita que o cultivo de plantas em casa melhora a qualidade de vida durante o confinamento da COVID-19, sendo uma opção de lazer onde muitos se beneficiaram, seja de forma física ou emocional, pelo contato com a natureza.
Methods associated with gardening have become a good leisure alternative to cope with social isolation and the difficulties generated by the pandemic of COVID-19. With this study we aimed to evaluate the population motivation to practice gardening before and during social isolation and its main contributions. The collecting of data was done through a questionnaire containing 23 questions, and disseminated via Internet. The data collected was tabulated in Excel spreadsheet and later some data were analyzed with the assistance of the statistical software R version 4.1.0 for Windows. In this study it was possible to observe that the population believes that growing plants at home improves the quality of life during the COVID-19 confinement, being a leisure option where many benefited, physically or emotionally, from the contact with nature.
RESUMO
The use of soil conditioners as bovine biofertilizer associated with mineral fertilization affect the physical and physicochemical quality of passion fruit. For fruit growth, post-harvest quality is crucial for production chain development, as it is the characteristic most used by the fresh consumption market for this fruit. In this sense, an experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of doses of bovine biofertilizer in the soil with and without nitrogen fertilization in the cultivation of yellow passion fruit. A randomized block design was adopted, with three replications in a 5×2 factorial scheme, referring to five doses of liquid bovine biofertilizer (B) diluted in water (A): 0% - control (0B + 4A); 25% (1B + 3A); 50% (2B + 2A); 75% (3B + 1A); and 100% (4B + 0A) with and without nitrogen fertilization applied to the soil. Urea was the nitrogen source used in this study. A total of 10 g plant-1 of N was applied monthly at 30 and 60 days after transplanting, and after that age, 20 g plant-1 was applied until the end of harvest. During the final phase of production and ripening, twelve fruits were harvested from each treatment in physiological maturation for physical and physicochemical characterization. The following analyses were performed: longitudinal diameter, transversal diameter, number of seeds per fruit, peel firmness, pulp yield, fruit peel percentage, pulp pH, soluble solids content; titratable acidity and soluble solids content/titratable acidity ratio. Data underwent analysis of variance by the F test means for nitrogen were compared by Tukey's test and means for bovine biofertilizer, by regression. Nitrogen enhances the positive effect of bovine biofertilizer on the postharvest quality of yellow passion fruit. The association of biofertilizer and nitrogen improves fruit quality in comparison to plants without these inputs, except for pulp yield and fruit peel percentage, which suffered isolated effects from the factors. High doses of biofertilizer, above 75 and 100%, reduce soluble solids content and increase titratable acidity. The bovine biofertilizer has promising effects, but it does not replace nitrogen fertilization on the postharvest quality of yellow passion fruit.
Assuntos
Passiflora , Animais , Bovinos , Frutas/química , Nitrogênio/análise , Passiflora/química , Sementes , SoloRESUMO
Because of the food and industrial importance of tomato, it holds great significance, and is one of the most produced species using the hydroponic cultivation systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of nutrient solution on the production and quality of cherry tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum 'Samambaia') grown in a hydroponic system in protected conditions. The experiment was conducted in pots filled with coconut fiber substrate using a randomized complete block design with four replications and six plants per plot. Five concentrations of nutrients were evaluated (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of the standard nutrient solution); the solutions produced the following electrical conductivities: 1.8, 2.0, 2.6, 3.4, and 3.9 dS m-1, respectively. At 90 days after transplanting, the tomato fruits were harvested, at which time the production variables and post-harvest quality of mature fruits were determined. The best production and post-harvest quality indexes of cherry tomatoes ('Samambaia') were found when using 111% of the standard nutrient solution, corresponding to the concentrations of 9.44, 2.44, 2.22, 6.44, 4.11, 2.44, and 2.78 mmolc L-1, of NO3 - , NH4 + , P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, respectively; and 66.6, 55.5, 14.4, 1.89, 0.56, and 0.44 mmolc L -1, of Fe, B, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Mo, respectively. Nutrient solutions with electrical conductivity above 2.89 dS m-1 severely reduced the fruit yield of cherry tomatoes.
Devido à importância alimentar e industrial do tomateiro, a cultura destaca-se entre as hortaliças, sendo uma das espécies mais produzidas em sistema hidropônico de cultivo. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de diferentes concentrações de solução nutritiva na produção e na qualidade dos frutos de tomate cereja (Licopersicon esculentum, cv. Samambaia) em sistema hidropônico sobre condição de ambiente protegido. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos preenchidos com substrato de fibra de coco utilizando o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e seis plantas por parcela. Foram avaliadas cinco concentrações de nutrientes na solução nutritiva hidropônica (50, 75, 100, 125 e 150% da solução nutritiva padrão) que, após a diluição dos nutrientes em água de torneira, estas produziram as seguintes condutividades elétricas: 1.8, 2.0, 2.6, 3.4 e 3.9 dS m-1, respectivamente. Aos 90 dias após o transplantio, os frutos de tomate foram colhidos, ocasião em que se determinaram as variáveis de produção e qualidade póscolheita de frutos maduros. A análise dos resultados indicou que os melhores índices de produção e qualidade dos frutos de tomate cereja cultivado em sistema hidropônico foram encontrados nas concentrações de macronutrientes da solução nutritiva correspondente a 9,44; 2,44; 2,22; 6,44; 4,11; 2,44 e 2,78 mmolc L-1 de NO3 - , NH4 + , P, K, Ca, Mg e S, respectivamente, e 66,6; 55,5; 14,4; 1,89; 0,56 e 0,44 mmolc L-1, de Fe, B, Mn, Zn, Cu e Mo, respectivamente. As soluções nutritivas com condutividade elétricas acima de 2,89 dS m-1 reduziram severamente o rendimento de frutos de tomate cereja
Assuntos
Solanum lycopersicum , Nutrientes , HidroponiaRESUMO
O pepino é uma importante hortaliça amplamente cultivada por pequenos e médios produtores no semiárido do Brasil. O experimento foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes soluções nutritivas do pepino cultivados em substrato de fibra de coco sob o crescimento e composição mineral de folhas. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A solução nutritiva padrão foi preparada seguindo a recomendação de 100% sugerida por Furlani para a cultura do pepino. A partir dessa recomendação, foram testadas novas concentrações de nutrientes: 12,5; 17; 25; 50 e 100%, que após a diluição dos nutrientes apresentou condutividades de 1,0; 1,2; 1,5; 2,3 e 3,8 dS m-¹, respectivamente. A partir dos sete dias após o transplantio foram medidas as variáveis altura de plantas, diâmetro caulinar e número de folhas. No início da floração (30 dias após o transplantio) foram coletadas de cada parcela duas folhas por planta, a partir do broto terminal, para determinação dos teores de macro e micronutrientes na biomassa seca das folhas. As variáveis de crescimento altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule e número de folhas foram influenciadas pela interação proporção de nutrientes na solução nutritiva × idade das plantas. As plantas de pepineiro estavam adequadamente nutridas em nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), cobre (Cu), manganês (Mn), ferro (Fe) e zinco (Zn).(AU)
Cucumber is an important horticultural crop widely cultivated for small and medium growers in semiarid regions of the Brazil. In order to evaluate the nutrient solution effect on development and mineral composition of cucumber grown in coconut fiber substrate, an experimental was carried out using completely randomized design with four replications. A standard nutrient solution was prepared following the recommendation of 100% suggested by Furlani for cucumber crop. Concentrations of nutrient solution were to simulate by standard nutrient solution: 12.5, 17, 25; 50 and 100% (control) and, after the nutrients dilution showed conductivities following: 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.3 and 3.8 dS m-¹, respectively. Seven days after transplanting the variables plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were recording. For each plot two leaves of cucumber terminal shoot was collected at beginning of flowering (30 days after transplanting) and, macro and micronutrients was analyzed in dry biomass. Growth variables plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were influenced by the interaction ratio of nutrients in the nutrients solution age of the plants. The cucumber plants were adequately nourished in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, iron and zinc.(AU)
Assuntos
Cucumis sativus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hidroponia , Nutrientes/análiseRESUMO
O pepino é uma importante hortaliça amplamente cultivada por pequenos e médios produtores no semiárido do Brasil. O experimento foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes soluções nutritivas do pepino cultivados em substrato de fibra de coco sob o crescimento e composição mineral de folhas. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A solução nutritiva padrão foi preparada seguindo a recomendação de 100% sugerida por Furlani para a cultura do pepino. A partir dessa recomendação, foram testadas novas concentrações de nutrientes: 12,5; 17; 25; 50 e 100%, que após a diluição dos nutrientes apresentou condutividades de 1,0; 1,2; 1,5; 2,3 e 3,8 dS m-¹, respectivamente. A partir dos sete dias após o transplantio foram medidas as variáveis altura de plantas, diâmetro caulinar e número de folhas. No início da floração (30 dias após o transplantio) foram coletadas de cada parcela duas folhas por planta, a partir do broto terminal, para determinação dos teores de macro e micronutrientes na biomassa seca das folhas. As variáveis de crescimento altura de plantas, diâmetro do caule e número de folhas foram influenciadas pela interação proporção de nutrientes na solução nutritiva × idade das plantas. As plantas de pepineiro estavam adequadamente nutridas em nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), cobre (Cu), manganês (Mn), ferro (Fe) e zinco (Zn).
Cucumber is an important horticultural crop widely cultivated for small and medium growers in semiarid regions of the Brazil. In order to evaluate the nutrient solution effect on development and mineral composition of cucumber grown in coconut fiber substrate, an experimental was carried out using completely randomized design with four replications. A standard nutrient solution was prepared following the recommendation of 100% suggested by Furlani for cucumber crop. Concentrations of nutrient solution were to simulate by standard nutrient solution: 12.5, 17, 25; 50 and 100% (control) and, after the nutrients dilution showed conductivities following: 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.3 and 3.8 dS m-¹, respectively. Seven days after transplanting the variables plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were recording. For each plot two leaves of cucumber terminal shoot was collected at beginning of flowering (30 days after transplanting) and, macro and micronutrients was analyzed in dry biomass. Growth variables plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves were influenced by the interaction ratio of nutrients in the nutrients solution age of the plants. The cucumber plants were adequately nourished in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, manganese, iron and zinc.
Assuntos
Cucumis sativus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hidroponia , Nutrientes/análiseRESUMO
An experiment was carried out during the period of November of 2001 to April of 2002 in order to evaluate the effects of sources and doses of organic matter on leaf mineral composition of okra cv. Santa Cruz. The treatments were distributed in a randomized blocks design with four replications with 25 holes with two plants in each plot. The treatments were arranged in a 3x4 factorial design, with three sources of organic matter: cattle manure, chicken manure and caprine manure incorporated at soil in four levels in volume of: 0.0; 5.0; 10.0 and 15.0% of the hole (capacity for 48 liters). Okra plants treated with chicken manure had higher foliar content of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus; with the goat manure the higher content of potassium, and with bovine manure higher values of nitrogen in leaf dry matter of plants, but with no difference among doses of manure.
Um experimento foi conduzido no período de novembro de 2001 a abril de 2002, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de fontes e níveis de matéria orgânica sobre os teores foliares de macronutrientes em quiabeiro Santa Cruz. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições, com duas plantas por cova e 25 plantas por parcela. Foram utilizadas três fontes de matéria orgânica: esterco bovino, esterco de frango e esterco de caprino, fornecidos em quatro níveis: 0, 5, 10 e 15% do volume da cova com capacidade para 48 litros. O esterco de frango proporcionou maiores teores de cálcio, fósforo e magnésio, o esterco de caprino maior de potássio e o esterco de bovino maiores valores de nitrogênio nas folhas das plantas de quiabeiro, mas sem definição estatística de doses entre as distintas fontes de matéria orgânica.