RESUMO

Thermographic image analysis is a subfield of diagnostic image processing aimed at detecting breast abnormalities in women at an early stage. It is a developing field of research and its effectiveness and scope require scientific assessment to be determined. An open-access dataset has been created for the scientific community to test and develop techniques for computational detection of normal and abnormal breast conditions from thermograms. This dataset is a valuable resource for researchers due to the scarcity of publicly available datasets of breast thermographic images. It includes thermographic images of the female chest area in three capture positions: anterior, left oblique and right oblique. The data set comes from 119 women ranging from 18 to 81 years of age. A table is attached to the dataset with the diagnosis of breast pathology, showing that 84 patients had benign pathology and 35 patients had malignant pathology. The diagnoses of women with healthy breast pathology are not included.

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical efficiency of Mexico's public health system in the delivery of obstetric care from 2012 to 2018. A multi-stage quantitative study of the public health institutions responsible for 95% of the system's obstetric services was conducted using data envelopment analysis. The efficiency of state-level productive units (decision-making units, or DMUs) was calculated and juxtaposed with the DMUs' maximum (0.82) and minimum (0.22) scores. Using the outcomes of the initial stage, the average technical efficiency of each institution at the national level was estimated and compared. The results were also utilized to estimate and compare the average efficiency of each state-level health system based on economic characteristics (state GDP per capita). Outputs included prenatal visits and deliveries, while inputs comprised gynecologists, exam rooms, and delivery rooms. Institutional efficiency ranged from 0.16 to 0.82, with an average of 0.417. The Ministry of Health (0.82) and the Mexican Social Security Institute (0.747) exhibited the highest efficiency scores, while the remaining institutions (Institute for Social Security and Services for State Workers [ISSSTE]; Mexican Petroleum [PEMEX]; the Secretary of National Defense [SEDENA]; and the Navy [SEMAR]) scored below the health system average. Of the 153 DMUs, 20% surpassed the maximum (0.82) and 40.6% fell below the minimum (0.22). These findings indicate that 80% of DMUs have unused operational capacity that could be utilized to enhance technical efficiency. No relationship was found between efficiency and the GDP of Mexico's 32 politico-administrative divisions. The efficiency gap between institutions (0.66) shows that while some DMUs are saturated (exhibiting high efficiency scores), the majority have unused operational capacity. Leveraging this untapped capacity could address the needs of vulnerable populations facing restricted access due to health system fragmentation.

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Assuntos

RESUMO

La úlcera péptica es un proceso patológico que se caracteriza por una elevada incidencia, estimándose que afecta a un 6 - 15% de la población en algún periodo de la vida, lo que le convierte en un proceso digestivo con importantes '· repercusiones sociales y económicas. Por esta razón el objetivo general del estudio fue determinar el efecto antiulceroso y antisecretor del extracto hidroalcohólico de las flores del Spartium junceum L. "retama"; el cual fue desarrollado en los laboratorios de Farmacologfa y Farmacognosia de la Escuela Profesional de Farmacia y Bioqufmica de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga. Se usaron 30 cobayos machos de la raza andina adquiridos del Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria {INIA)- Ayacucho cori un peso promedio de 400 g a 600 g, las flores del Spartium junceum L. "retama" fueron recolectados del distrito de Huamanguilla, provincia Huanta, región Ayacucho y la identificación taxonómica se realizó en el Herbarium Huamangensis de la Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga. El efecto antiulceroso y antisecretor se determinó mediante el método de ligadura de pfloro, inducido por la histamina, la evaluación macroscópica fue mediante la escala de Marhuenda. Los animales fueron distribuidos en 6 grupos: (1) basal con agua; (11) control con histamina 50 ~g/kg; (111) patrón con ranitidina 50 mg/kg; (IV) con Sparitum junceum L. a 100 mg/kg; (V) a 200 mglkg; (VI) a 400 mg/kg; con 5 animales cada grupo. Los metabolitos presentes en el extracto hidroalcohólco fueron cardenólidos, alcaloides, lactonas y/o cumarinas, taninos y/o fenoles, quinonas, flavonoides, resinas y catequinas. A una dosis de 400 mg/kg, muestra un efecto inhibitorio de 81 ,67%; aumenta el pH gástrico a 3,16 y disminuye el volumen del contenido gástrico a 21,12 mL; en comparación a las dosis de 100 mg/kg y 200 mg/kg que muestran efecto inhibitorio de 11 ,67% y 26,67%; pH 1 ,97 y 2,04; volumen 24,30 mL y 22,40 mL respectivamente y con la ranitidina se obtuvo un efecto inhibitorio de 88,33%; pH 3, 73 y volumen de 20,20 ml. Se demuestra que el extracto a 400 mg/kg y la ranitidina tienen un efecto similar frente a la injuria de la histamina. Se concluye que el extracto hidroaloohólico de las flores Spartium junceum L. "retama" tiene efecto antiulceroso y antisecretor frente a las lesiones producidas por la histamina.

Assuntos