RESUMO
Echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which, in its cystic state, forms the socalled hydatid cyst. It presents important morbidity, with possible sequelae related to the location, and high costs due to surgical and prolonged pharmacological treatment. The liver and the lung are the most common anatomical locations, and much rarer are the kidney, spleen, brain, and heart, where the latter represents 0.5 to 2% of total cases. Peru is an endemic country of this anthropozoonosis and mainly records cases in the central highlands (95%). This paper presents the case of a 10-year-old girl, diagnosed with this disease, CE1 ultrasound classification, clinical group 1 (confirmed by pathological anatomy) with specific surgical and pharmacological treatment (albendazole) afterward. The patient recovered satisfactorily from the surgery and was discharged at 16 days, without complications.
La equinococosis es una infección parasitaria provocada por Echinococcus granulosus, que, en su estado quístico, forma al denominado quiste hidatídico. Presenta morbilidad importante, con posibles secuelas relacionadas con la ubicación, y altos costos debido al tratamiento quirúrgico y farmacológico prolongado. El hígado y el pulmón son las ubicaciones anatómicas más usuales, mucho más raras son el riñón, bazo, cerebro y corazón, este último representa el 0,5 % a 2 % del total de casos. El Perú es un país endémico de esta antropozoonosis y principalmente registra casos procedentes de la sierra central (95 %). Se presenta el caso de una niña de diez años, con diagnóstico de esta entidad, clasificación ecográfica CE 1, grupo clínico 1 (confirmado por anatomía patológica) con posterior tratamiento quirúrgico y farmacológico específico (albendazol). La paciente se recuperó satisfactoriamente de la cirugía practicada, y fue dada de alta a los 16 días, sin complicaciones.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias/parasitologia , Equinococose , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatias/terapia , Criança , Equinococose/diagnóstico , Equinococose/terapia , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
RESUMEN La equinococosis es una infección parasitaria provocada por Echinococcus granulosus, que, en su estado quístico, forma al denominado quiste hidatídico. Presenta morbilidad importante, con posibles secuelas relacionadas con la ubicación, y altos costos debido al tratamiento quirúrgico y farmacológico prolongado. El hígado y el pulmón son las ubicaciones anatómicas más usuales, mucho más raras son el riñón, bazo, cerebro y corazón, este último representa el 0,5 % a 2 % del total de casos. El Perú es un país endémico de esta antropozoonosis y principalmente registra casos procedentes de la sierra central (95 %). Se presenta el caso de una niña de diez años, con diagnóstico de esta entidad, clasificación ecográfica CE 1, grupo clínico 1 (confirmado por anatomía patológica) con posterior tratamiento quirúrgico y farmacológico específico (albendazol). La paciente se recuperó satisfactoriamente de la cirugía practicada, y fue dada de alta a los 16 días, sin complicaciones.
ABSTRACT Echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus, which, in its cystic state, forms the socalled hydatid cyst. It presents important morbidity, with possible sequelae related to the location, and high costs due to surgical and prolonged pharmacological treatment. The liver and the lung are the most common anatomical locations, and much rarer are the kidney, spleen, brain, and heart, where the latter represents 0.5 to 2% of total cases. Peru is an endemic country of this anthropozoonosis and mainly records cases in the central highlands (95%). This paper presents the case of a 10-year-old girl, diagnosed with this disease, CE1 ultrasound classification, clinical group 1 (confirmed by pathological anatomy) with specific surgical and pharmacological treatment (albendazole) afterward. The patient recovered satisfactorily from the surgery and was discharged at 16 days, without complications.
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Equinococose , Cardiomiopatias/parasitologia , Equinococose/diagnóstico , Equinococose/terapia , Cardiomiopatias/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatias/terapiaRESUMO
Objetivos: Determinar el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de las lesiones cutáneas en el recién nacido, y presentar una nueva propuesta de clasificación de dichas lesiones. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, que incluyó a recién nacidos con una edad gestacional >= a 35 semanas, y con tiempo de vida entre 24 a 168 horas. Se diseñó una ficha de recolección de datos para anotar las lesiones encontradas. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico STATA v.12.0. Resultados: Se recolectó datos de 312 recién nacidos, el género masculino fue predominante (58 por ciento) y casi la totalidad (97.1 por ciento) fueron nacidos a término. El 99.6 por ciento de recién nacidos presentaron alguna lesión; las lesiones transitorias se presentaron en 99 por ciento de casos y las permanentes en 12.8 por ciento. El promedio de lesiones fue de 8, con un máximo 18 lesiones por recién nacido. La lesión transitoria más frecuente fue la mancha mongólica (90.1 por ciento). El área corporal con mayor número de lesiones (11) fue la cara. La lesión permanente más frecuente fue la mancha "Café con leche" (8.3 por ciento). Se encontraron asociaciones entre algunas lesiones y factores sociodemográficos. Conclusiones: Casi todos los recién nacidos presentaron lesiones cutáneas, con mayor frecuencia transitorias, siendo la mancha mongólica el hallazgo más frecuente. Factores como estación del año, raza, edad gestacional al nacer y horas de vida pueden ser asociados a lesiones transitorias. Basados en los resultados y en la revisión bibliográfica se postula una nueva clasificación de lesiones cutáneas del recién nacido.
Objectives: To determine the clinical and epidemiological profile of skin lesions in newborns, and to submit a new classification proposal of these lesions. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed, which included infant born with >= 35 weeks' gestation and assessed between 24 to 168 hours of life. Skin lesions findings were collected in a form designed for this purpose. Data collected was analyzed using STATA v.12.0. Results: Data was obtained from 312 newborns, male gender was predominant (58 per cent) and almost all (97.1 per cent) were full-term newborn. At least one skin lesion was presented in 99.6 per cent of cases. Transient and permanent lesions occurred in 99 per cent and 12.8 per cent of cases respectively. The average of incidents of skin lesion was 8 per newborn, with a maximum of 18 lesions per case. The most common skin lesion was transient Mongolian spot (90.1 per cent). The body area with the highest number of skin lesions (11) was the face. The most common birthmark was "Café au lait" macules (8.3 per cent). Associations were found between several skin lesions and sociodemographic factors. Conclusions: Almost all newborn had skin lesions, most frequently transient, being the Mongolian spot the most frequent finding. Factors such as season, race, gestational age at birth and hours of life can be associated with transient injuries. Based on the results of the study and a thorough literature review, we proposed a new classification of skin lesions in newborn.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Mancha Mongólica , Nevo , Transtornos da Pigmentação , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Compare the nutritional origin of anemia by sociodemographic variables and analyze its association with deficient hematopoietic nutrient intake. METHODS: The database of Colombia's 2005 National Survey of Nutritional Status was used. The data were obtained through complex representative sampling of the population and processed using SPSS v.15. Anemic women of childbearing age were selected and divided into two groups according to serum ferritin levels. Their customary hematopoietic nutrient intake and risk of deficiency were determined. The proportions of anemia types were compared by sociodemographic variables using the F-distribution, the Rao-Scott second order correction (P < 0.05). The association between the origin of the anemia and classification of the nutrient was analyzed using the odds ratio (OR). SAMPLE: 595 women. Non-hypoferric anemia (67.2%) predominated, with no statistical difference by sociodemographic variable, except in the Pacific region (hypoferric anemia, 52.1%). The prevalence of deficiency in the customary intake of hematopoietic nutrients was high. There was no significant association between the deficit in consumption and the origin of the anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Non-hypoferric anemia was most common, with no difference by sociodemographic indicators except in the Pacific region. All the women were at high risk of deficiency in their customary hematopoietic nutrient intake, but a statistically significant association between the deficiency and the origin of the nutritional anemia was not observed. Programs to improve nutrient intake and a continued search for causes of nutritional anemia other than iron deficiency are justified.
Assuntos
Anemia/epidemiologia , Dieta , Desnutrição/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Anemia/sangue , Anemia/classificação , Anemia/etiologia , Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Deficiência de Vitaminas/complicações , Deficiência de Vitaminas/epidemiologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Registros de Dieta , Feminino , Ferritinas/sangue , Hemoglobinas/análise , Humanos , Ferro da Dieta , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Nutritivo , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Comparar el origen de la anemia nutricional según las variables sociodemográficas y analizar su asociación con la deficiencia en la ingesta de nutrientes hematopoyéticos. MÉTODOS: Se utilizó la base de datos de la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional de Colombia, 2005. Los datos se obtuvieron por muestreo complejo representativo de la población y se procesaron con el programa SPSS, v.15. Se seleccionaron mujeres en edad fértil con anemia y se clasificaron en dos grupos según la ferritina sérica. Se determinó la ingesta usual de nutrientes hematopoyéticos y el riesgo de deficiencia. Se compararon las proporciones de los tipos de anemia según las variables sociodemográficas utilizando la prueba F de Rao-Scott de segundo orden (P < 0,05). Se analizó la asociación entre el origen de la anemia y la clasificación del nutriente mediante la razón de posibilidades (odds ratio, OR). RESULTADOS: Muestra: 595 mujeres. Predominó la anemia no ferropénica (67,2 por ciento), sin diferencia estadística por variables sociodemográficas, excepto en la región Pacífica (anemia ferropénica, 52,1 por ciento). La prevalencia de la deficiencia en la ingesta usual de nutrientes hematopoyéticos fue alta. No se encontró asociación significativa entre el déficit de consumo y el origen de la anemia. CONCLUSIONES: La anemia no ferropénica fue más frecuente, sin diferencia según los indicadores sociodemográficos excepto en la región Pacífica. Todas las mujeres presentaron alto riesgo de deficiencia en la ingesta usual de nutrientes hematopoyéticos, pero no se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la deficiencia y el origen de la anemia nutricional. Se justifica implementar programas orientados a mejorar el aporte de nutrientes y continuar la búsqueda de otras causas de la anemia nutricional diferentes a la deficiencia de hierro.
OBJECTIVES: Compare the nutritional origin of anemia by sociodemographic variables and analyze its association with deficient hematopoietic nutrient intake. METHODS: The database of Colombia's 2005 National Survey of Nutritional Status was used. The data were obtained through complex representative sampling of the population and processed using SPSS v.15. Anemic women of childbearing age were selected and divided into two groups according to serum ferritin levels. Their customary hematopoietic nutrient intake and risk of deficiency were determined. The proportions of anemia types were compared by sociodemographic variables using the F-distribution, the Rao-Scott second order correction (P < 0.05). The association between the origin of the anemia and classification of the nutrient was analyzed using the odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: Sample: 595 women. Non-hypoferric anemia (67.2 percent) predominated, with no statistical difference by sociodemographic variable, except in the Pacific region (hypoferric anemia, 52.1 percent). The prevalence of deficiency in the customary intake of hematopoietic nutrients was high. There was no significant association between the deficit in consumption and the origin of the anemia. CONCLUSIONS: Non-hypoferric anemia was most common, with no difference by sociodemographic indicators except in the Pacific region. All the women were at high risk of deficiency in their customary hematopoietic nutrient intake, but a statistically significant association between the deficiency and the origin of the nutritional anemia was not observed. Programs to improve nutrient intake and a continued search for causes of nutritional anemia other than iron deficiency are justified.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Anemia/epidemiologia , Dieta , Desnutrição/complicações , Anemia Ferropriva/epidemiologia , Anemia Ferropriva/etiologia , Anemia/sangue , Anemia/classificação , Anemia/etiologia , Deficiência de Vitaminas/complicações , Deficiência de Vitaminas/epidemiologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Registros de Dieta , Ferritinas/sangue , Hemoglobinas/análise , Ferro da Dieta , Valor Nutritivo , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
The efficacy and safety of two polyvalent horse-derived antivenoms in Bothrops asper envenomings were tested in a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial performed in Colombia. Both antivenoms were manufactured from the same pool of hyperimmune plasma. Antivenom A was made of F(ab')2 fragments, generated by pepsin digestion and caprylic acid precipitation, whereas antivenom B consisted of whole IgG molecules produced by caprylic acid precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography. Besides the different nature of the active substance, antivenom B had higher protein concentration, slightly higher turbidity and aggregate content. No significant differences were observed in the efficacy of antivenoms. Both halted local and systemic bleeding (P = 0.40) within 6-12 h of treatment in 100% of the cases, and restored blood coagulation (P = 0.87) within 6-24 h in 84.7% of patients, and within 48 h in all of them, in agreement with restoration of plasma fibrinogen concentration. Venom concentrations in serum dropped significantly (P < 0.001), to very low levels, 1 h after antivenom infusion. Nevertheless, eight patients (11.1%), four for each antivenom, presented recurrence of venom antigenaemia at different times, from 6 to 96 h, with clinical significance (recurrent coagulopathy) only in one group B patient (2.9%). Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was increased, as a consequence of local myonecrosis. There was no significant difference (P = 0.51) in the incidence of early adverse reactions to antivenom administration (28.9% for patients of group A and 20.6% for patients of group B), most of the reactions being mild, mainly cutaneous. The most frequent complications were cellulitis (16.7%), abscess formation (5.6%), acute renal failure (8.3%), and compartmental syndrome (5.6%). In conclusion, IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms, prepared by caprylic acid fractionation, presented similar efficacy and safety profiles for the treatment of B. asper envenomings in Colombia.
Assuntos
Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Bothrops/metabolismo , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/metabolismo , Mordeduras de Serpentes/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Animais , Coagulação Sanguínea , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/tratamento farmacológico , Caprilatos/farmacologia , Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Cromatografia por Troca Iônica/métodos , Colômbia , Venenos de Crotalídeos/metabolismo , Método Duplo-Cego , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Fibrinogênio/análise , Hemorragia/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Fragmentos Fab das Imunoglobulinas/uso terapêutico , Imunoglobulina G/uso terapêutico , Incidência , Masculino , Pepsina A/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Anemia , Anemias Nutricionais , Ferritinas , Deficiência de Vitaminas , Deficiências de Ferro , Deficiência de Vitaminas do Complexo B , Saúde da Mulher , Colômbia , Anemias Nutricionais , Ferritinas , Deficiência de Vitaminas do Complexo B , Saúde da Mulher , Dieta , Anemia Ferropriva , Deficiência de Vitaminas , Proteína C-Reativa , Colômbia , Registros de Dieta , Hemoglobinas , Ferro da Dieta , Valor Nutritivo , Desnutrição , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Scorpion stings are a public health problem in many countries. However, in Colombia, very few epidemiological, clinical or toxicological studies have been undertaken. OBJECTIVE: Ecological and epidemiological aspects were related to the prevalence of scorpion stings by Tityus asthenes. The clinical features of envenomization were described in patients and in an experimental animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in four localities of Mutatá and Urabá Counties in the province of Antioquia, Colombia. The sample consisted of 1,593 (929 urban, 664 rural) of the 5,305 exposed people, inhabitating 324 households (188 urban (58%); 136 rural (42%) of 1,448 houses total in the study area. An interview survey was performed in every selected family for a more realistic estimate of sting prevalence. Additionally, a prospective study was directed toward patients presenting scorpion stings at care at the local hospital over an 18-month period. RESULTS: The probability was 12.9 times greater of finding T. asthenes inside or around houses in places near to forest and high agrarian plantations (odds ratio = 13). Eighty scorpion stings were reported in the retrospective study (4.1% prevalence [95% CI 3.3-4.8%] ), but only 14 of the patients (17.5%) sought care in the local hospital (an 82.5% underreportage). Seventy percent of the stings occurred in rural places; 50% occurred in the locality of Caucheras, with an attack rate of 10.6%. The overall household infestation rate was 269% (95% CI 22.9-30.8%) and an area dispersion ratio of 100%. Signs of systemic envenomization occurred mainly in children (67%). The 50% lethal dose of T. asthenes venom was 121.6 µg for 18-20 g Swiss Webster rats (95% CI 103.7-139.6). Immunodetection of T. asthenes and Centruroides gracilis/C.margantatus venoms in the experimental animals was possible when were tested by Western blot against Alacramyn (Instituto Bioclón, México) and Soro antiaracnídico (Instituto Butantan, Brasil) antivenoms. Scorpion interspecific differences were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of stings by T. asthenes were common and their presence was associated with tropical rainforests. Envenomization at low density can be neutralized efficiently by anti-scorpion antivenoms produced in México and Brazil but with differing specificities for the venom of each scorpion species.
Assuntos
Picadas de Escorpião/diagnóstico , Picadas de Escorpião/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Venenos de Escorpião/intoxicação , Escorpiões , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Introducción. El escorpionismo afecta a países tropicales como Colombia.Objetivo. Determinar los indicadores ecológicos y epidemiológicos de las picaduras por Tityus asthenes en cuatro localidades de Mutatá, Colombia, y las características clínicas del envenenamiento y toxinológicas del veneno. Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio prospectivo/retrospectivo descriptivo y experimental; se visitaron aleatoriamente 324 de las 1.448 viviendas del municipio: 188 urbanas (58,0%) y 136 rurales (42,0%), con 1.593 habitantes. En 18 meses se estudiaron prospectivamente los pacientes picados por T. asthenes que ingresaron al hospital local y, retrospectivamente en encuestas domiciliarias, se determinó el subregistro. Se recolectaron escorpiones vivos y se realizaron experimentos con el veneno. Resultados. Hubo 12,9 más probabilidades de hallar ejemplares de T. asthenes en el área rural (OR=6,5; IC95% 3,9-10,8), en el intradomicilio y peridomicilio cercano a bosques y plantaciones agrarias altas (OR=13,0; IC95% 7,5-23,0). Se reportaron 80 picaduras ocurridas en los dos últimos años (prevalencia de 4,1%; IC95% 4,8-3,3); sólo 14 personas (17,5%) consultaron al hospital (subregistro de 82,5%). La prevalencia ponderada de infestación por escorpiones en las viviendas encuestadas fue de 26,9% (112 casas) (IC95% 30,8-22,9). El 50% de los accidentes ocurrió en la localidad de Caucheras: 10,6% de proporción de ataque. El envenenamiento sistémico fue más frecuente en niños (67%). La dosis letal 50 del veneno en ratones de 18 a 20 g, fue 121,6 μg (IC95% 103,7-139,6). Hubo reactividad inmunológica por Western blot de los antivenenos del Instituto Bioclón, México (Alacramyn®) y del Instituto Butantan, Brasil (Soro antiaracnídico®)...
Introduction. Scorpion stings are a public health problem in many countries. However, in Colombia, very few epidemiological, clinical or toxicological studies have been undertaken. Objective. Ecological and epidemiological aspects were related to the prevalence of scorpion stings by Tityus asthenes. The clinical features of envenomization were described in patients and in an experimental animal model. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in four localities of Mutatá and Urabá Counties in the province of Antioquia, Colombia. The sample consisted of 1,593 (929 urban, 664 rural) of the 5,305 exposed people, inhabitating 324 households (188 urban (58%); 136 rural (42%) of 1,448 houses total in the study area. An interview survey was performed in every selected family for a more realistic estimate of sting prevalence. Additionally, a prospective study was directed toward patients presenting scorpion stings at care at the local hospital over an 18-month period. Results. The probability was 12.9 times greater of finding T. asthenes inside or around houses in places near to forest and high agrarian plantations (odds ratio=13). Eighty scorpion stings were reported in the retrospective study (4.1% prevalence [95% CI 3.3-4.8%] ), but only 14 of the patients (17.5%) sought care in the local hospital (an 82.5% underreportage). Seventy percent of the stings occurred in rural places; 50% occurred in the locality of Caucheras, with an attack rate of 10.6%. The overall household infestation rate was 269% (95% CI 22.9-30.8%) and an area dispersion ratio of 100%. Signs of systemic envenomization occurred mainly in children (67%). The 50% lethal dose of T. asthenes venom was 121.6 μg for 18-20 g Swiss Webster rats (95% CI 103.7-139.6). Immunodetection of T. asthenes and Centruroides gracilis/C.margantatus venoms in the experimental animals was possible when were tested by Western blot against Alacramyn® (Instituto Bioclón, México) and Soro antiaracnídico®...
Assuntos
Caribbean Public Health Agency , Venenos de Escorpião , ToxicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an educational massive sun protection campaign. METHODS: Two telephone surveys were performed to 707 participants, on knowledge about the hours of greater solar intensity, UV protection devices, the ultraviolet index, and the history of skin cancer. Between the first and the second survey, a massive sun protection campaign was carried out. A sun protection brochure was also sent to each participant. RESULTS: In the first survey (S1) a total of 707 individuals were interviewed, while in the second one (S2), the effectiveness of the calls decreased to 374 people. Nevertheless, we found significant differences between the first and the second survey (chi(2) = 12.3, P = 0.006). Overall, a significant increment in sun protection knowledge was acquired, but the use of sun-block remained stable. The knowledge about what the UVI means was increased significantly from S1 to S2. The best communication means to increase the overall knowledge about the sun and its effects were the brochure and TV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: We should encourage massive sun protection. The role of women in the transmission of these messages to their children or family nucleus is essential. Also, we should encourage the elaboration of brochures and an appropriate television use for health messages. Dermatologists must have a role in controlling skin topics presented on television to avoid erroneous messages or inadequate attitudes.
Assuntos
Educação em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Queimadura Solar/prevenção & controle , Colômbia , Dispositivos de Proteção da Cabeça , Humanos , Protetores Solares/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
The efficacy and safety of two whole IgG polyvalent antivenoms (A and B) were compared in a randomised, blinded clinical trial in 67 patients systemically envenomed by Bothrops asper in Colombia. Both antivenoms were fractionated by caprylic acid precipitation and had similar neutralising potencies, protein concentrations and aggregate contents. Antivenom B was additionally treated with beta-propiolactone to lower its anticomplementary activity. Analysing all treatment regimens together, there were no significant differences between the two antivenoms (A=34 patients; B=33 patients) in the time taken to reverse venom-induced bleeding and coagulopathy, to restore physiological fibrinogen concentrations and to clear serum venom antigenaemia. Blood coagulability was restored within 6-24 h in 97% of patients, all of whom had normal coagulation and plasma fibrinogen levels 48 h after the start of antivenom treatment. Two patients (3.0%) had recurrent coagulopathy and eight patients suffered recurrence of antigenaemia within 72 h of treatment. None of the dosage regimens of either antivenom used guaranteed resolution of venom-induced coagulopathy within 6 h, nor did they prevent recurrences. A further dose of antivenom at 6 h also did not guarantee resolution of coagulopathy within 12-24 h in all patients. The incidence of early adverse reactions (all mild) was similar for both antivenoms (15% and 24%; P>0.05).
Assuntos
Antivenenos/uso terapêutico , Bothrops , Venenos de Crotalídeos/sangue , Mordeduras de Serpentes/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Antivenenos/sangue , Antivenenos/química , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea/etiologia , Caprilatos/farmacologia , Fracionamento Químico/métodos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Fibrinogênio/metabolismo , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G , Masculino , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Propiolactona/farmacologia , Recidiva , Mordeduras de Serpentes/sangue , Resultado do Tratamento , Tempo de Coagulação do Sangue TotalRESUMO
Se presentan los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico de la hipoplasia del dedo pulgar en 16 pacientes con diferentes grados de afectación. Los pacientes se operaron en el Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional "Frank País" entre diciembre del 2000 y diciembre del 2003. El promedio de edad en el momento de la cirugía fue de 3,2 años con un rango entre 1 y 8 años. El sexo masculino tuvo un ligero predominio sobre el femenino. El seguimiento posoperatorio promedio fue de 15,2 meses con un rango entre 6 y 36 meses. Se utilizó la clasificación de Blauth modificada. A todos los pacientes de los grupos II y IIIA se les realizó la reconstrucción del pulgar hipoplásico. A todos los pacientes con hipoplasia IIIB, IV y V se les realizó pulgarización del dedo índice. En 6 pacientes se obtuvo un resultado excelente; en 8, bueno; en 4, regular y en 1, malo. En el 87,5 por ciento de los pacientes que presentaron hipoplasia aislada del dedo pulgar se logró un resultado excelente o bueno, mientras que en los pacientes con hipoplasia del dedo pulgar asociada a hemimelia radial ipsilateral, se obtuvo resultado excelente o bueno en el 63,6 por ciento
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , PolegarRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio en 74 pacientes con diagnóstico de fascitis plantar, con espolones calcáneos o sin ellos; 10 de los casos eran bilaterales. Se les practicó tratamiento por ondas de choque extracorpóreas. Se aplicaron 3 sesiones con una frecuencia de 2 000 impulsos cada una, en pacientes en estadio crónico y en los que habían fracasado todas las terapias convencionales. Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fasciíte Plantar , Ondas de Choque de Alta Energia/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Los microsporidios son protozoos intracelulares obligados, implicados en procesos de diarrea persistente en pacientes con sida, aunque no son exclusivos de este grupo de pacientes. La prevalencia de microsporidios en diferentes países varía entre 8 por ciento y 52 por ciento. En nuestro medio no se conoce su frecuencia, por lo que este trabajo se propuso determinar la frecuencia de microsporidiosis intestinal en pacientes positivos para VIH, mediante la prueba del Gram cromotropo rápido ( quick hot Gram) y la PCR; para esto se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, con una población intencional de todos los pacientes positivos para VIH remitidos al Laboratorio del Grupo Interdisciplinario para el Estudio de las Parasitosis Intestinales por las diferentes instituciones de atención de pacientes positivos para VIH de Medellín en el periodo comprendido entre agosto de 2001 y septiembre de 2002. Se hizo una encuesta clínico-epidemiológica y se practicaron análisis coprológicos seriados que incluían examen directo, por concentración y tinciones especiales para coccidias y microsporidios intestinales; además, se solicitó recuento de linfocitos TCD4+ y carga viral. Se estudiaron 103 pacientes en edades comprendidas entre 2 y 74 años; el 70 por ciento(72/103) presentaba diarrea al ingreso al estudio; la mayoría (83,5 por ciento) fueron hombres. La frecuencia global de microsporidiosis intestinal fue de 3,9 por ciento(4/103); se encontraron tres pacientes positivos para Enterocytozoon bieneusi y uno con Encephalitozoon intestinalis; otras parasitosis intestinales representaron el 39,8 por ciento. La frecuencia de microsporidiosis en este estudio fue relativamente baja; además, como era de esperarse, la mayoría de los casos de microsporidios estuvieron asociados con diarrea prolongada y recuentos de LTCD4+ menores de 100 cél/µl y cargas virales superiores a 100.000 copias (3/4)
Assuntos
Humanos , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS , HIV , Microsporidiose/epidemiologia , Técnicas e Procedimentos Diagnósticos , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Objetivo. Determinar la utilidad de la ferritina sérica en el diagnóstico de pacientes con artritis reumatoide juvenil de tipo sistémico (Enfermedad de Still). Métodos. Realizamos un estudio descriptivo prospectivo con 15 pacientes menores de 16 años que cumplían con los criterios diagnósticos de Durban para artritis idiopática juvenil de tipo sistémico, en los cuales se determinó el nivel sérico de ferritina, clasificándolo como normal o elevado según la edad y correlacionándolo con las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad. Para el análisis estadístico se usó STATISTCA 98. Se buscaron asociaciones de ferritina con otras variables mediante la prueba de Fisher-Freeman-Halton y el paquete estadístico Starxact 4.0 y se correlacionaron con edad y tiempo de evolución por el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Resultados. De los 15 pacientes evaluados 11 fueron niños (73,3 por ciento) y 4 niñas (26,6 por ciento), con edades entre 2 y 15 años (promedio 8,7 +/- 4,2). Aunque los valores de ferritina sérica presentaron una gran variabilidad 59 - 27.000 ng/ml (promedio de 3.991 +/- 7.181 ), el 93.3 por ciento de los pacientes (14/15) tenían niveles por encima del normal para la edad, y de estos el 78,5 por ciento (11/14) demostraron valores 5 o más veces por encima del normal. No se encontraron asociaciones significativas con otras variables. Conclusión. Los niveles de ferritina serica anormalmente elevados, según la edad, parece tener alguna utilidad diagnóstica en pacientes menores de 16 años con enfermedad de Still, tal como se ha reportado en adultos afectados por esta y puede ser en nuestra población una ayuda importante
Assuntos
Artrite Juvenil , FerritinasRESUMO
Microsporidia are intracellular obligate parasites, today mainly associated with diarrhea in AIDS patients. Microsporidia prevalence ranges from 8% to 52% in different countries, as evaluated by several diagnostic methods, such as the stain test and PCR. In Medellín, Colombia, its frequency is unknown, and hence, a study was undertaken to determine the frequency of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV patients, by means of the quick-hot Gram chromotrope test and the PCR. A prospective and descriptive study of an intentional population of all HIV-positive patients was sent to the Grupo Interdisciplinario para el Estudio de las Parasitosis Intestinales laboratory by institutions treating the HIV-positive patients of Medellín between August 2001 and September 2002. The clinical-epidemiological survey included a serial stool test with direct concentration and special stains for coccidiae and intestinal microsporidia. In addition, counts of lymphocytes TCD4+ and viral load were requested. One hundred and three patients with ages ranging from 2-74 years were evaluated. Seventy percent presented with diarrhea--mostly in men (83.5%). The overall frequency of intestinal microsporidiosis was 3.9% and that of other intestinal parasitic infections was 39.8%. Three of the four patients positive for microsporida were infected with Enterocytozoon bieneusi and one with Encephalitozoon intestinalis. The microsporidiosis frequency was relatively low with 3 of the 4 cases associated with protracted diarrhea, counts of LTCD4+ below 100 cel/microl and viral loads up to 100,000 copies.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Enteropatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Microsporídios/isolamento & purificação , Microsporidiose/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Feminino , Violeta Genciana , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Masculino , Microsporidiose/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenazinas , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
The lancehead snakes Bothrops asper and Bothrops atrox inflict 70-90% of the 3000 bites reported every year in Colombia. In this work, the venoms of B. atrox from Meta (Villavicencio, 33 specimens) and B. asper from Antioquia (San Carlos, 45 specimens), all of them born in captivity, were obtained at different ages (0-6 months; 1, 2 and 3-years old) and compared in terms of their pharmacological and immunochemical characteristics. A conspicuous ontogenetic variability was observed in venom samples from both species. Venoms from newborn and juvenile specimens showed higher lethal, hemorrhagic, edema-forming and coagulant activities, whereas venoms from 3-year old specimens showed higher indirect hemolytic, i.e. phospholipase A2 activity, being more significant in the case of B. asper. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole venom for both species evidenced a predominance of high mol. mass bands in the venoms from specimens of <1 year of age, with a change towards bands having lower mol. mass as snakes aged. Gel filtration chromatography showed five peaks in the venoms of B. asper of <6 months and in those from 3-year old specimens. Venom of adult specimens showed a higher number of peaks with indirect hemolytic activity than venom of newborn specimens. Polyvalent antivenom produced in Costa Rica recognized all the bands of both venoms from specimens at all ages tested, when assayed by Western blotting.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Animais Recém-Nascidos/fisiologia , Bothrops/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Venenos de Crotalídeos/química , Venenos de Crotalídeos/toxicidade , Animais , Coagulação Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Hemorragia/induzido quimicamente , Imunoquímica , Camundongos , Músculos/patologia , NecroseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the usefulness of routine radiologic control after the insertion of a central venous catheter as a tool that might modify treatment of patients. METHODS: A prospective study was made of 149 patients submitted to central venous catheter insertion. RESULTS: In 55% of the patients the roentgenogram showed an adequate placement of the catheter tip and in 3.6% it showed some abnormal finding. Ten modifications were carried out based on the radiologic results. The prolonged partial thromboplastin time value and the subjective degree of difficulty showed a statistical relation to the appearance of complications. The number of punctures above one related to abnormal radiologic findings. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that routine chest radiology after the insertion of a central venous catheter is not always necessary and that it should be ordered selectively, according to the findings made during the procedure and the subjective degree of difficulty.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central , Radiografia Torácica , Radiologia Intervencionista , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
The clinical and epidemiological features, as well as complications presented by 39 patients with Bothrops, Porthidium and Bothriechis snakebites, are described. Patients were admitted during 1 year in 25 hospitals of Antioquia and Chocó and then, they were transferred to the Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl in Medellín, 30 of them because of the presence of complications, eight because of lack of antivenoms and another one because of the desire of his relatives. Thirty--one (79.5%) of the patients were male, 13 (33.3%) children, 59% of them were bitten at the lower extremities, the majority (74.4%) by Bothrops asper. Twenty-one (53.8%) of the patients were initially attended by traditional healers and sought medical attention at the local hospitals after 2h in 87.2% of the cases. Edema (100%), hemorrhage (74.4%), blistering (38.5%) and necrosis (38.5%), were the local signs of envenomation, while blood coagulation alteration (79.5%), hematuria (74.4%), gingival bleeding (43.6%), hypovolemic shock (23.1%) and oliguria (23.1%), were the systemic signs of envenomation. The final grade of envenomation was severe in 29 patients (74.4%). Thirty patients (76.9%) had one or more complications of the envenomation: acute renal failure (ARF), 15 (38.5%); soft-tissue infection, 12 (30.8%); central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage, 5 (12.8%); compartment syndrome, 3 (7.7%); soft--tissue hematomas, 6 (15.4%); and Abruptio placentae, one (2.6%). There were four deaths (10.3%), two from ARF and two from cerebral hemorrhage. Fourteen other patients (35.9%) had sequelae. The onset of serotherapy after 2h of the bite was associated with the occurrence of ARF and CNS hemorrhage (p=0.02), as well as the risk of death and sequelae (RR=2.5).