RESUMO
Medical professionals that treat patients with alopecia usually lack knowledge about hair cosmetics. Trichologists focus on hair cycling and growth problems and not on the hair shaft integrity. This may lead to abandon of the use of the prescribed treatment, such as topical minoxidil or to inadequate traumatic grooming habits that may jeopardize hair follicle health. Shampoos, hair dyes, and hair-straightening products may alter hair fiber structure, remove lipids, and elude protein. Hair procedures such as hair dying and straightening have side effects and health concerns, especially for pregnant women or sensitive hair and scalp patients. Hair breakage, follicle traction, frizz, contact dermatitis, and mutagenicity are possible side effects of hair cosmetics misuse. The proper use of hair care products may help to increase patients' adherence to alopecia treatments and avoid health problems related to inadequate application of hair cosmetics and procedures.
RESUMO
Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) and fibrosing alopecia in a pattern distribution (FAPD) as originally reported by Kossard in 1994 and by Zinkernagel and Trüeb in 2000, respectively, represent two distinct patterns of cicatricial pattern hair loss. Both share a patterned distribution and histological evidence of a lichenoid follicular inflammation with fibrosis. FFA is characterized by a marginal alopecia along the frontotemporal hairline, and FAPD by a progressive alopecia of the centroparietal scalp. Since the original reports, evidence has accumulated that there exists considerable clinical overlap among FFA, FAPD, and lichen planopilaris, with coexistence of features of the three conditions within the same individual. Moreover, familial cases of FFA have been reported, pointing to a possible genetic background to the condition. Our observation of familial occurrence of FFA and FAPD in daughter and mother, respectively, further underscore a nosologic relationship between the two conditions with respect to both an androgenetic background and the (lichenoid) inflammatory reaction pattern.
RESUMO
Lichen planopilaris is a disease that appears with lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia. It is considered a follicular variant of lichen planus. The examination of affected areas shows alopecia with perifollicular erythema and scaling, revealing a predilection for hair follicles. The involvement of children is uncommon, with few reports in this population in the literature. This study presents a clinical case of a male patient of 15 years of age with characteristic lesions of lichen planopilaris.
Assuntos
Alopecia/patologia , Líquen Plano/patologia , Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Adolescente , Biópsia , Dermoscopia , Cabelo/diagnóstico por imagem , Folículo Piloso/patologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Abstract: Lichen planopilaris is a disease that appears with lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia. It is considered a follicular variant of lichen planus. The examination of affected areas shows alopecia with perifollicular erythema and scaling, revealing a predilection for hair follicles. The involvement of children is uncommon, with few reports in this population in the literature. This study presents a clinical case of a male patient of 15 years of age with characteristic lesions of lichen planopilaris.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Couro Cabeludo/patologia , Alopecia/patologia , Líquen Plano/patologia , Biópsia , Folículo Piloso/patologia , Dermoscopia , Cabelo/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Afro-ethnic hair is different from Caucasian and Asian hair and has unique features. Ethnic hair is more prone to certain conditions or diseases. Such diseases are not only related to the fragile inner structure of the hair, but also to the cultural habits of hairstyles that often exert traction forces upon the pilosebaceous follicle. Women with African hair subject their hair to chemical treatments such as hair straightening and relaxing, and thus modify the structure of their hair shaft, making it more susceptible to damage. For this reason, hair complaints are common among black women and represent a diagnostic challenge to the dermatologist, requiring a thorough clinical examination of the hair and scalp, and a detailed medical history of the patient. The purpose of this review is to warn of the potential side effects and sequelae related to hairstyles and hair treatments used by black women, and to highlight the major diseases that affect this ethnicity.
Assuntos
Alopecia/etnologia , População Negra/etnologia , Preparações para Cabelo/efeitos adversos , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/etnologia , Alopecia/etiologia , Alopecia/patologia , Características Culturais , Feminino , Folículo Piloso/patologia , Preparações para Cabelo/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/etiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/patologiaRESUMO
Drug-induced lupus is a rare drug reaction featuring the same symptoms as idiopathic lupus erythematosus. Recently, with the introduction of new medicines in clinical practice, an increase in the number of illness-triggering implicated drugs has been reported, with special emphasis on anti-TNF-α drugs. In the up-to-date list, almost one hundred medications have been associated with the occurrence of drug-induced lupus. The authors present two case reports of the illness induced respectively by hydralazine and infliximab, addressing the clinical and laboratorial characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Hidralazina/efeitos adversos , Infliximab/efeitos adversos , Lúpus Eritematoso Cutâneo/induzido quimicamente , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Adulto , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Cutâneo/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
Abstract:Afro-ethnic hair is different from Caucasian and Asian hair and has unique features. Ethnic hair is more prone to certain conditions or diseases. Such diseases are not only related to the fragile inner structure of the hair, but also to the cultural habits of hairstyles that often exert traction forces upon the pilosebaceous follicle. Women with African hair subject their hair to chemical treatments such as hair straightening and relaxing, and thus modify the structure of their hair shaft, making it more susceptible to damage. For this reason, hair complaints are common among black women and represent a diagnostic challenge to the dermatologist, requiring a thorough clinical examination of the hair and scalp, and a detailed medical history of the patient. The purpose of this review is to warn of the potential side effects and sequelae related to hairstyles and hair treatments used by black women, and to highlight the major diseases that affect this ethnicity.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , População Negra/etnologia , Alopecia/etnologia , Preparações para Cabelo/efeitos adversos , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/etnologia , Alopecia/etiologia , Alopecia/patologia , Características Culturais , Folículo Piloso/patologia , Preparações para Cabelo/administração & dosagem , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/etiologia , Dermatoses do Couro Cabeludo/patologiaRESUMO
Drug-induced lupus is a rare drug reaction featuring the same symptoms as idiopathic lupus erythematosus. Recently, with the introduction of new medicines in clinical practice, an increase in the number of illness-triggering implicated drugs has been reported, with special emphasis on anti-TNF-α drugs. In the up-to-date list, almost one hundred medications have been associated with the occurrence of drug-induced lupus. The authors present two case reports of the illness induced respectively by hydralazine and infliximab, addressing the clinical and laboratorial characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment.
.Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/efeitos adversos , Hidralazina/efeitos adversos , Infliximab/efeitos adversos , Lúpus Eritematoso Cutâneo/induzido quimicamente , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inibidores , Lúpus Eritematoso Cutâneo/patologia , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
Tuberculosis continues to draw special attention from health care professionals and society in general. Cutaneous tuberculosis is an infection caused by M. tuberculosis complex, M. bovis and bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Depending on individual immunity, environmental factors and the type of inoculum, it may present varied clinical and evolutionary aspects. Patients with HIV and those using immunobiological drugs are more prone to infection, which is a great concern in centers where the disease is considered endemic. This paper aims to review the current situation of cutaneous tuberculosis in light of this new scenario, highlighting the emergence of new and more specific methods of diagnosis, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the parasite-host interaction.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Tuberculose Cutânea/etiologia , Tuberculose Cutânea/patologia , Tuberculose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Teste Tuberculínico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Antituberculosos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Tuberculosis continues to draw special attention from health care professionals and society in general. Cutaneous tuberculosis is an infection caused by M. tuberculosis complex, M. bovis and bacillus Calmette-Guérin. Depending on individual immunity, environmental factors and the type of inoculum, it may present varied clinical and evolutionary aspects. Patients with HIV and those using immunobiological drugs are more prone to infection, which is a great concern in centers where the disease is considered endemic. This paper aims to review the current situation of cutaneous tuberculosis in light of this new scenario, highlighting the emergence of new and more specific methods of diagnosis, and the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the parasite-host interaction.
Assuntos
Tuberculose Cutânea/etiologia , Tuberculose Cutânea/patologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Teste Tuberculínico , Tuberculose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Superficial fungal infections of the hair, skin and nails are a major cause of morbidity in the world. Choosing the right treatment is not always simple because of the possibility of drug interactions and side effects. The first part of the article discusses the main treatments for superficial mycoses - keratophytoses, dermatophytosis, candidiasis, with a practical approach to the most commonly-used topical and systemic drugs , referring also to their dosage and duration of use. Promising new, antifungal therapeutic alternatives are also highlighted, as well as available options on the Brazilian and world markets.
As infecções fúngicas superficiais dos cabelos, pele e unhas representam uma causa importante de morbidade no mundo. O tratamento nem sempre é simples, havendo dificuldade na escolha dos esquemas terapêuticos disponíveis na literatura, assim como suas possíveis interações medicamentosas e efeitos colaterais. A segunda parte do trabalho aborda os principais esquemas terapêuticos das micoses superficiais - ceratofitoses, dermatofitoses, candidíase -, possibilitando a consulta prática das drogas tópicas e sistêmicas mais utilizadas, sua dosagem e tempo de utilização. Novas possibilidades terapêuticas antifúngicas também são ressaltadas, assim como as apresentações disponíveis no mercado brasileiro e mundial.