RESUMO

Ovulation synchronization protocols are well established in beef and dairy cows. However, the protocol response rate is around 70-90%. In beef cows, factors such as inadequate nutrition and calf presence negatively impact the response of progesterone (P4)/estradiol-based ovulation synchronization protocols by interfering with GnRH release and consequently reducing LH pulsatility and final follicular development. In dairy cows, protocols based on GnRH and prostaglandin (Ovsynch) are the most widely used in the world. However, the efficiency of Ovsynch is dependent on the presence of a large follicle at the time of administration of the first GnRH. In these ovulation synchronization protocols, pre-synchronization protocols (Prostaglandins, Double Ovsynch and P4synch) are usually attempted in an effort to increase responses. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss pre-ovulation synchronization strategies (administration of injectable P4 or energetic/protein supplementation or pre-synchronization with intra-vaginal progesterone devices) aiming to increase the LH pulsatility in beef cows or induce the formation of a GnRH-responsive follicle at the beginning of the Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows.

RESUMO

Ovulation synchronization protocols are well established in beef and dairy cows. However, the protocol response rate is around 70-90%. In beef cows, factors such as inadequate nutrition and calf presence negatively impact the response of progesterone (P4)/estradiol-based ovulation synchronization protocols by interfering with GnRH release and consequently reducing LH pulsatility and final follicular development. In dairy cows, protocols based on GnRH and prostaglandin (Ovsynch) are the most widely used in the world. However, the efficiency of Ovsynch is dependent on the presence of a large follicle at the time of administration of the first GnRH. In these ovulation synchronization protocols, pre-synchronization protocols (Prostaglandins, Double Ovsynch and P4synch) are usually attempted in an effort to increase responses. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss pre-ovulation synchronization strategies (administration of injectable P4 or energetic/protein supplementation or presynchronization with intra-vaginal progesterone devices) aiming to increase the LH pulsatility in beef cows or induce the formation of a GnRH-responsive follicle at the beginning of the Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Ovulation synchronization protocols are well established in beef and dairy cows. However, the protocol response rate is around 70-90%. In beef cows, factors such as inadequate nutrition and calf presence negatively impact the response of progesterone (P4)/estradiol-based ovulation synchronization protocols by interfering with GnRH release and consequently reducing LH pulsatility and final follicular development. In dairy cows, protocols based on GnRH and prostaglandin (Ovsynch) are the most widely used in the world. However, the efficiency of Ovsynch is dependent on the presence of a large follicle at the time of administration of the first GnRH. In these ovulation synchronization protocols, pre-synchronization protocols (Prostaglandins, Double Ovsynch and P4synch) are usually attempted in an effort to increase responses. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss pre-ovulation synchronization strategies (administration of injectable P4 or energetic/protein supplementation or presynchronization with intra-vaginal progesterone devices) aiming to increase the LH pulsatility in beef cows or induce the formation of a GnRH-responsive follicle at the beginning of the Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows.(AU)

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RESUMO

Background: Programs of resynchronization of ovulation have the objective of allowing reinsemination of females that did not get pregnant after fixed time artificial insemination (TAI), in the lowest time interval possible. These protocols are usually composed of administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) concomitant to the insert of progesterone-based (P4) intravaginal implants 22 to 24 days after the first TAI. However, little information is available on the impact of hormonal manipulation in a pre-established pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate if resynchronization of ovulation, started 24 days after the first TAI, would interfere in the function of the corpus luteum (CL), production of P4, and pre-established pregnancy.Materials, Methods & Results: For this study, 526 Brangus heifers with ages between 24 and 26 months, were subjected to TAI program in the beginning of the breeding season. Synchronization protocol for the first TAI started with insertion of an intravaginal implant containing 750 mg of P4 and administration of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) intramuscular (im) on day -9 (D-9). After seven days (D-2), P4 implants were removed, and 150 µg of D-cloprostenol (PGF), i.m., and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate (EC), i.m., were administered. The TAI was performed between 48 and 54 h after removal of the P4 implant (D0). Twenty-four days after the first TAI (D24), heifers were randomly divided into the following experimental groups: Control (n = 167, no treatment), EB (n = 208, 1 mg of EB, i.m.), and hCG (n = 151, 1000 IU of hCG, i.m.). Heifers of EB and hCG groups received a new intravaginal device containing 750 mg of P4 on D24. On day 31 (D31), P4 implants were removed and pregnancy diagnosis were performed by ultrasound. Pregnancy rates from the first TAI on D31 were 58.7% (98/167), 53.4% (111/208) and 52.9% (80/151) respectively for groups Control, EB and hCG.[...]

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RESUMO

Background: Programs of resynchronization of ovulation have the objective of allowing reinsemination of females that did not get pregnant after fixed time artificial insemination (TAI), in the lowest time interval possible. These protocols are usually composed of administration of estradiol benzoate (EB) concomitant to the insert of progesterone-based (P4) intravaginal implants 22 to 24 days after the first TAI. However, little information is available on the impact of hormonal manipulation in a pre-established pregnancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate if resynchronization of ovulation, started 24 days after the first TAI, would interfere in the function of the corpus luteum (CL), production of P4, and pre-established pregnancy.Materials, Methods & Results: For this study, 526 Brangus heifers with ages between 24 and 26 months, were subjected to TAI program in the beginning of the breeding season. Synchronization protocol for the first TAI started with insertion of an intravaginal implant containing 750 mg of P4 and administration of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) intramuscular (im) on day -9 (D-9). After seven days (D-2), P4 implants were removed, and 150 µg of D-cloprostenol (PGF), i.m., and 1 mg of estradiol cypionate (EC), i.m., were administered. The TAI was performed between 48 and 54 h after removal of the P4 implant (D0). Twenty-four days after the first TAI (D24), heifers were randomly divided into the following experimental groups: Control (n = 167, no treatment), EB (n = 208, 1 mg of EB, i.m.), and hCG (n = 151, 1000 IU of hCG, i.m.). Heifers of EB and hCG groups received a new intravaginal device containing 750 mg of P4 on D24. On day 31 (D31), P4 implants were removed and pregnancy diagnosis were performed by ultrasound. Pregnancy rates from the first TAI on D31 were 58.7% (98/167), 53.4% (111/208) and 52.9% (80/151) respectively for groups Control, EB and hCG.[...](AU)

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Background: Pregnancy rate after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in beef cattle is affected by ovulation rate,luteal function and embryo survival. Cows in early post partum period frequently have low progesterone productionand short luteal phases. Treatments using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after FTAI have been tested in aneffort to increase progesterone concentration, improve embryo development and consequently pregnancy rates. Theobjectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of administration of hCG on day 4 after FTAI on induction ofovulation of the first dominant follicle, corpus luteum (CL) development, progesterone production and pregnancyrate in lactating beef cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Five hundred and sixty nine multiparous Angus suckled beef cows, 45-70 dayspostpartum, were synchronized to FTAI. On day -9, intravaginal implants containing 0,750 g of progesterone wereinserted and 2mg of estradiol benzoate administered, im. Seven days later, cows had their implants removed andwere injected with 150 µg of d-cloprostenol, im, and 1 mg of estradiol cipionate, im. Cows were inseminated 52-56h after implant removal. Four days later, cows were assigned into two groups, hCG (1500 UI of hCG, im, n = 269) orControl (1,5 mL saline, im, n = 300). Blood samples were collected on days 4, 7, 10 and 14 after FTAI for analysisof serum progesterone concentration by radioimmunoassay. Ovarian ultrasonographic exams were done on day 0 todetermine the diameter of ovulatory follicle (OF), on day 4 to measure the diameter of the first dominant follicle and,on day 7, to determine the CL area (cm2) and the number of accesory CL. Pregnancy diagnosis were done on day 30.Pregnancy rates were compared by chi-square test, progesterone concentration and CLs parameters were comparedby student-t test. The administration of hCG resulted in higher serum progesterone concentration, improved CL areaand the frequency of accessory CL...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Background: Pregnancy rate after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) in beef cattle is affected by ovulation rate,luteal function and embryo survival. Cows in early post partum period frequently have low progesterone productionand short luteal phases. Treatments using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after FTAI have been tested in aneffort to increase progesterone concentration, improve embryo development and consequently pregnancy rates. Theobjectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of administration of hCG on day 4 after FTAI on induction ofovulation of the first dominant follicle, corpus luteum (CL) development, progesterone production and pregnancyrate in lactating beef cows.Materials, Methods & Results: Five hundred and sixty nine multiparous Angus suckled beef cows, 45-70 dayspostpartum, were synchronized to FTAI. On day -9, intravaginal implants containing 0,750 g of progesterone wereinserted and 2mg of estradiol benzoate administered, im. Seven days later, cows had their implants removed andwere injected with 150 µg of d-cloprostenol, im, and 1 mg of estradiol cipionate, im. Cows were inseminated 52-56h after implant removal. Four days later, cows were assigned into two groups, hCG (1500 UI of hCG, im, n = 269) orControl (1,5 mL saline, im, n = 300). Blood samples were collected on days 4, 7, 10 and 14 after FTAI for analysisof serum progesterone concentration by radioimmunoassay. Ovarian ultrasonographic exams were done on day 0 todetermine the diameter of ovulatory follicle (OF), on day 4 to measure the diameter of the first dominant follicle and,on day 7, to determine the CL area (cm2) and the number of accesory CL. Pregnancy diagnosis were done on day 30.Pregnancy rates were compared by chi-square test, progesterone concentration and CLs parameters were comparedby student-t test. The administration of hCG resulted in higher serum progesterone concentration, improved CL areaand the frequency of accessory CL...(AU)

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Neste trabalho, é descrito um surto de intoxicação por Perreyia flavipes ocorrido em agosto de 2006, em um rebanho bovino de 280 animais, no município de Sombrio, em Santa Catarina. Ocorreram 17 mortes em um lote de 77 bovinos de raça mista com idades entre um e dois anos mantidos em um piquete (P1) de aproximadamente 90 hectares por cerca de 30 dias. Após as primeiras duas mortes, os animais foram movidos para um segundo piquete (P2), onde ainda ocorreram 15 mortes nos cinco dias após a transferência. Seis bovinos foram necropsiados, e amostras de tecidos foram avaliadas para exame histológico. Os achados de necropsia incluíam hemorragias subcutâneas na mucosa do abomaso e superfície subepicárdica. Ascite e edema do abomaso, duodeno, pâncreas e vesícula biliar foram observados. O fígado apresentava-se amarelado com petéquias subcapsulares e acentuação do padrão lobular. No rúmen de três bovinos, foram encontrados fragmentos de corpos e cabeças de larvas de P. flavipes em meio ao conteúdo ruminal. Histologicamente o fígado apresentava tumefação hepatocelular e necrose centrolobular e mediozonal, difusa e acentuada, com hemorragia e congestão centrolobular. Havia depleção e necrose linfóide no baço, placas de Peyer e linfonodos mesentéricos. O diagnóstico de intoxicação pelas larvas da P. flavipes foi baseado nos dados epidemiológicos, nos achados de necropsia e nas alterações histopatológicas. As lesões hepáticas e em tecidos linfóides, além da grande quantidade de larvas de P. flavipes no primeiro piquete (P1) e no rúmen de animais necropsiados, foram dados importantes para o diagnóstico.

This article describes an outbreak of Perreyia flavipes poisoning in August of 2006 in a cattle herd of 280 animals in Sombrio, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Seventeen bovines between 1 and 2 years old from one herd of 77 mixed breed cattle died. The herd was kept in a paddock of 90 hectares (P1) for 30 days. After de first two deaths occurred, the herd was transferred to a second paddock (P2), and 15 more animals died in the next 5 days. Samples from 6 of these animals were analyzed. During the necropsy, hemorrhage was seen in the subcutaneous tissue, abomasal mucosa, and subepicardial area. The animals presented ascites and edema of the abomasal folds, duodenum, pancreas, and gallbladder. The liver was yellowish, had subcapsular petechial hemorrhages, and accentuated lobular pattern. P. flavipes larval body fragments and heads were found in the rumen content of three of the animals. In the histological examination the liver showed hepatocellular tumefaction, diffuse coagulative necrosis of centrilobular and midzone hepatocytes, hemorrhage and centrilobular congestion. Lymphoid depletion and diffuse necrosis of germinative centers of lymphoid follicles in mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer’s patches and spleen were also observed. The diagnosis of intoxication by P. flavipes larvae in this outbreak was based on the epidemiological data, necropsy, and histological findings. The confirmation of P. flavipes larvae as cause of the outbreak was done by the observation of intact larvae and remnants in the ruminal content of the necropsied bovines and by the presence of a great number of larvae clusters in the paddock 1 (P1).

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Casos de aborto bovino submetidos ao Setor de Patologia da Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul entre os anos de 1995 e o primeiro trimestre de 1999 foram selecionados e analisados histologicamente. Um total de 30 fetos abortados foram avaliados através da coloraçäo de Hematoxilina e Eosina (HE) e lesöes inflamatórias näo supurativas foram encontradas principalmente no cérebro e/ou coraçäo de seis casos. Realizou-se imunoistoquímica pela técnica de streptavidina-biotina, utilizando-se anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum e anti-Toxoplasma gondii nesses seis casos. Taquizoítos marcados pelo anticorpo anti-N. caninum foram visualizados em três dos seis fetos bovinos testados e näo houve reaçäo com o anticorpo anti-T. gondii. Esses resultados comprovam a existência de aborto bovino causado por N. caninum no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

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