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OBJECTIVE: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and assess the content validity of the Neonatal Medical Index (NMI) for the Brazilian context. METHODS: The cross-cultural adaptation was completed in six steps, including translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, submission to an expert committee, testing of the prefinal version, and appraisal by the original author. The expert committee assessed the equivalence between versions based on the percentage of agreement, and content validity was evaluated using the content validity index (CVI) for each item of the scale (I-CVI) and for the overall scale (S-CVI) in terms of representativeness and clarity. Participants of the prefinal version also evaluated the CVI for clarity. RESULTS: After two evaluation rounds of the expert committee it was attained 98% agreement, attesting to the equivalence between the instrument versions, maximum values for representativeness I-CVI and S-CVI/Ave (1.00), and high values for clarity I-CVI (all items ≥0.97) and S-CVI/Ave (0.98). The expert committee members defined that the Brazilian version of the instrument would be called Índice Clínico Neonatal (NMI-Br). The NMI-Br reached high values of CVI for clarity (all I-CVI ≥0.86 and S-CVI/Ave=0.99) among the participants of the prefinal version. CONCLUSIONS: The NMI-Br is the Brazilian version of the NMI, obtained in a rigorous cross-cultural validation process, counting with adequate values of content validity.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation and assess the content validity of the Neonatal Medical Index (NMI) for the Brazilian context. Methods: The cross-cultural adaptation was completed in six steps, including translation, synthesis of translations, back translation, submission to an expert committee, testing of the prefinal version, and appraisal by the original author. The expert committee assessed the equivalence between versions based on the percentage of agreement, and content validity was evaluated using the content validity index (CVI) for each item of the scale (I-CVI) and for the overall scale (S-CVI) in terms of representativeness and clarity. Participants of the prefinal version also evaluated the CVI for clarity. Results: After two evaluation rounds of the expert committee it was attained 98% agreement, attesting to the equivalence between the instrument versions, maximum values for representativeness I-CVI and S-CVI/Ave (1.00), and high values for clarity I-CVI (all items ≥0.97) and S-CVI/Ave (0.98). The expert committee members defined that the Brazilian version of the instrument would be called Índice Clínico Neonatal (NMI-Br). The NMI-Br reached high values of CVI for clarity (all I-CVI ≥0.86 and S-CVI/Ave=0.99) among the participants of the prefinal version. Conclusions: The NMI-Br is the Brazilian version of the NMI, obtained in a rigorous cross-cultural validation process, counting with adequate values of content validity.

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar a adaptação transcultural e avaliar a validade de conteúdo do Neonatal Medical Index (NMI) para o contexto brasileiro. Métodos: A adaptação transcultural foi realizada em seis etapas, incluindo tradução, síntese das traduções, retrotradução, submissão a um comitê de especialistas, teste da versão pré-final e avaliação do autor original. O comitê de especialistas avaliou a equivalência entre as versões com base na porcentagem de concordância, e a validade de conteúdo foi avaliada por meio do índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC) para cada item da escala (I-IVC) e para a escala geral (S-IVC) em termos de representatividade e clareza. Os participantes da versão pré-final também avaliaram o IVC quanto à clareza. Resultados: Após duas rodadas de avaliação do comitê de especialistas obteve-se 98% de concordância, atestando a equivalência entre as versões do instrumento, valores máximos para representatividade I-IVC e S-IVC/Ave (1,00) e altos valores para clareza I-IVC (todos os itens ≥0,97) e S-IVC/Ave (0,98). Os membros do comitê de especialistas definiram que a versão brasileira do instrumento se chamaria Índice Clínico Neonatal (NMI-Br). O NMI-Br alcançou altos valores de IVC para clareza (todos I-IVC ≥0,86 e S-IVC/Ave=0,99) entre os participantes da versão pré-final. Conclusões: O NMI-Br é a versão brasileira do NMI, obtido em rigoroso processo de validação transcultural, contando com valores adequados de validade de conteúdo.

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A displasia dentinária tipo I é um distúrbio hereditário autossômico dominante raro, associada a uma malformação da dentina radicular, que pode causar a perda espontânea dos dentes. Clinicamente, os dentes apresentam aspectos de normalidade, no entanto, radiograficamente, podem ser observadas raízes curtas e mal formadas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi relatar o diagnóstico de uma paciente portadora de displasia dentinária tipo I. Paciente, M.G.S, sexo feminino, 34 anos, compareceu a Clínica Odontológica da UFC ­ Sobral com intuito de fazer uma nova prótese parcial removível. Ao realizar o exame clínico, contatou-se que a paciente apresentava uma boa higiene oral, porém observou-se mobilidade e dor nos dentes 12, 13, 23, 32 e 33, além do relato de perda precoce de outros elementos dentários devido a mobilidade. Foram realizadas radiografias periapicais, onde foi observado pela primeira vez o aspecto encurtado de todas as raízes dentárias. O encurtamento das raízes foi novamente observado na radiografia panorâmica e na tomografia computadorizada solicitadas a paciente. Após o estudo do caso, a paciente foi diagnosticada com Displasia Dentinária tipo I. A paciente foi reabilitada com prótese protocolo superior e inferior. Conclui-se que a Displasia Dentinária tipo I é uma condição rara e que afeta a dentina radicular de dentes decíduos e permanentes. O tratamento da DDI é difícil e requer abordagem multidisciplinar, devendo devolver a autoestima, além de favorecer a função mastigatória e a estética.

Dentin dysplasia dentin type I is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder associated with a root dentin malformation that can cause spontaneous tooth loss. Clinically, the teeth present normal aspects; however, radiographically, short and malformed roots can be observed. The aim of this paper was to report the diagnosis of a patient with dentin dysplasia type I. Patient, M.G.S, female, 34 years, attended the Dental Clinic of UFC - Sobral in order to make a new partial denture. During clinical examination it was found that the patient had good oral hygiene, but there was mobility and pain in teeth 12, 13, 23, 32 and 33, besides the report of early loss of other teeth due to mobility. Periapical radiographs were taken, where the shortened appearance of all dental roots was first observed. The shortening of the roots was again observed in the panoramic radiograph and CT scan requested from the patient. After the case study, the patient was diagnosed with Dentin Dysplasia type I. The patient was rehabilitated with upper and lower protocol prosthesis. It is concluded that Dentin Dysplasia type I is a rare condition and affects the root dentin of deciduous and permanent teeth. The treatment of DDI is difficult and requires a multidisciplinary approach, and should restore self-esteem, in addition to favoring masticatory function and aesthetics.

La displasia dentinaria tipo I es un trastorno hereditario autosómico dominante poco frecuente asociado a una malformación de la dentina radicular que puede causar la pérdida espontánea de dientes. Clínicamente, los dientes presentan aspectos normales; sin embargo, radiográficamente pueden observarse raíces cortas y malformadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue informar sobre el diagnóstico de un paciente con displasia dentinaria tipo I. Paciente, M.G.S, sexo femenino, 34 años, acudió a la Clínica Odontológica de UFC - Sobral con el objetivo de realizar una nueva prótesis parcial removible. En el examen clínico, se constató que la paciente tenía buena higiene bucal, pero se observó movilidad y dolor en los dientes 12, 13, 23, 32 y 33, y el informe de pérdida precoz de otros elementos dentales debido a la movilidad. Se tomaron radiografías periapicales y por primera vez se observó el aspecto acortado de todas las raíces dentales. El acortamiento de las raíces se observó de nuevo en la radiografía panorámica y el TAC solicitados a la paciente. Tras el estudio del caso, la paciente fue diagnosticada de displasia dentinaria tipo I. La paciente fue rehabilitada con prótesis de protocolo superior e inferior. Se concluye que la Displasia Dentinaria tipo I es una enfermedad rara y afecta a la dentina radicular de los dientes deciduos y permanentes. El tratamiento de la DDI es difícil y requiere un abordaje multidisciplinar, debiendo restaurar la autoestima, además de favorecer la función masticatoria y la estética.

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BACKGROUND: Proper design of resistance training (RT) variables is a key factor to reach the maximum potential of neuromuscular adaptations. Among those variables, the use of RT performed to failure (RTF) may lead to a different magnitude of acute fatigue compared with RT not performed to failure (RTNF). The fatigue response could interfere with acute adaptive changes, in turn regulating long-term adaptations. Considering that the level of fatigue affects long-term adaptations, it is important to determine how fatigue is affected by RTF versus RTNF. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the effects of RTF versus RTNF on acute fatigue. METHODS: The search was conducted in January 2021 in seven databases. Only studies with a crossover design that investigated the acute biomechanical properties (vertical jump height, velocity of movement, power output, or isometric strength), metabolic response (lactate or ammonia concentration), muscle damage (creatine kinase activity), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were selected. The data (mean ± standard deviation and sample size) were extracted from the included studies and were either converted into the standardized mean difference (SMD) or maintained in the raw mean difference (RMD) when the studies reported the results in the same scale. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included in the systematic review and 12 were included in the meta-analysis. The main meta-analyses indicated greater decrease of biomechanical properties for RTF compared with RTNF (SMD - 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.43 to - 0.49, p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a larger increase in metabolic response (RMD 4.48 mmol·L-1, 95% CI 3.19-5.78, p < 0.001), muscle damage (SMD 0.76, 95% CI 0.31-1.21, p = 0.001), and RPE (SMD 1.93, 95% CI 0.87-3.00, p < 0.001) for RTF compared with RTNF. Further exploratory subgroup analyses showed that training status (p = 0.92), timepoint (p = 0.89), load (p = 0.10), and volume (p = 0.12) did not affect biomechanical properties; however, greater loss in the movement velocity test occurred on upper limbs compared with lower limbs (p < 0.001). Blood ammonia concentration was greater after RTF than RTNF (RMD 44.66 µmol·L-1, 95% CI 32.27-57.05, p < 0.001), as was 48 h post-exercise blood creatine kinase activity (SMD 0.86, 95% CI 0.33-1.42, p = 0.002). Furthermore, although there was considerable heterogeneity in the overall analysis (I2 = 83.72%; p < 0.01), a significant difference in RPE after RTF compared with RTNF was only found for studies that did not equalize training volumes. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, RTF compared with RTNF led to a greater decrease in biomechanical properties and a simultaneous increase in metabolic response, higher muscle damage, and RPE. The exploratory analyses suggested a greater impairment in the velocity of movement test for the upper limbs, more pronounced muscle damage 48 h post-exercise, and a greater RPE in studies with non-equalized volume after the RTF session compared with RTNF. Therefore, it can be concluded that RTF leads to greater acute fatigue compared with RTNF. The higher acute fatigue after RTF can also have an important impact on chronic adaptive processes following RT; however, the greater acute fatigue following RTF can extend the time needed for recovery, which should be considered when RTF is used. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: The original protocol was prospectively registered (CRD42020192336) in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO).

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OBJECTIVE: Verify the incidence and rate of joint and muscle injuries with the practice of CrossFit® and the potential risk factors for injuries in men and women. METHODS: A total of 184 CrossFit® participants (97 men and 87 women). A questionnaire was conducted based on characterization, training routine, injuries, and additional information. The incidence refers to the number of new cases of injury in the sample during the CrossFit® training. The injury rate was calculated by estimating the number of weekly training hours and converted into the number of injuries per 1000 training hours. RESULTS: Among the participants, 38.6% reported some type of injury, being joint injuries (83.1%) and/or muscle injuries (45.1%). The injury rate was 3.4/1000 h, with men having a higher rate. The location of the joint injuries was shoulders, wrists, and elbows, in addition to the lumbar spine in women. As for muscle injuries, the deltoid, upper back muscles, and quadriceps femoris were the most reported in men and deltoid, trapezius, upper back muscles, and gastrocnemius in women. CONCLUSIONS: A better understanding of the anatomical distribution of the injuries may help coaches prescribe the most adequate workout that may reduce the likelihood of injuries occurring in CrossFit® training participants. It was demonstrated that gender, experience, weekly frequency, and previous injuries are important factors, and professionals must be concerned with the assessment of the participants and with an individualized progression in order to avoid risks.

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The purpose of the present study was to compare the heart rate (HR), blood lactate and training load between different CrossFit® workouts, with equalized total work volumes in men and women. The study included 23 individuals (13 men and 10 women) experienced in CrossFit® training, who performed two workouts with different training types (as many reps as possible (AMRAP) and 'for time') but an equalized volume. Measurements of lactate, HR and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were performed. The results show that there was no HR interaction between workout time and sex (p = 0.822; η2 = 0.006) and between workout type and sex (p = 0.064, η2 = 0.803). The HR significantly differed during each workout type (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.621), but not between the two workout types (p = 0.552, η2 = 0.017). Lactate showed no difference between the workout types (p = 0.474, η2 = 0.768), although the training load was higher (p = 0.033, η2 = 0.199) in women when they performed AMRAP. Altogether, the HR was not significantly different between training types or sex, while RPE, lactate and training load showed statistically significant differences depending on the group (women or men) or workout type (AMRAP or 'for time').

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O método Fascia Stretch Training 7 Sets (FST-7) ganhou popularidade nos últimos anos sendo disseminado por fisiculturistas norte-americanos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos do protocolo de treinamento do método FST-7 com ou sem alongamento passivo entre as séries nas variáveis metabólicas (lactato [LAC] e creatinofosfoquinase [CPK]), desempenho (volume total de treinamento ­ VTT) e percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE) em homens bem treinados. Nove homens (23, 2 ± 1,7 anos; 174,2 ± 6,2 cm; 84,6 ± 9,8 kg, 3,4 ± 1,0 anos de experiência em treinamento de força) foram submetidos ao teste e re-teste de 10 repetições máximas (10RM) nos exercícios supino reto livre e crucifixo horizontal com halteres em dias distintos, respeitando 48 horas de intervalo entre a s sessões de teste e re-teste. Decorridas 72 horas do último dia de teste, os participantes realizaram os protocolos experimentais de forma randomizada com 72 horas de intervalo entre as sessões. As coletas sanguíneas foram realizadas 10 minutos antes e imediatamente após os protocolos de treinamento. O protocolo sem alongamento aumentou significativamente a concentração de LAC (p = 0,029). No entanto, o mesmo não ocorreu para a concentração de CPK (p = 0,302). O VTT foi maior para o protocolo sem alongamento (p < 0,001) e a PSE foi maior para o protocolo com alongamento entre as séries (p = 0,003). Concluímos que o método FST-7 com alongamento resultou em uma maior PSE, o que pode estar relacionado com o declínio do desempenho, traduzido pelo menor VTT em relação à condição sem alongamento. Adicionalmente, o menor VTT pode ter afetado o menor acúmulo de LAC observado no método FST-7 com o alongamento. (AU)

The Fascia Stretch Training 7 Sets (FST-7) method has gained popularity in the recent years being disseminated by American bodybuilders. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of the Fascia Stretch Training 7 Sets (FST-7) method with or without passive stretching between sets on metabolic variables (lactate [LAC] and creatine kinase [CK]), performance (total training volume - TTV) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in trained men. For this, nine recreationally trained men (23.2 ± 1.7 years; 174.2 ± 6.2 cm; 84.6 ± 9.8 kg, 3.4 ± 1.0 years of experience in strength training) were submitted to the test and re-test of 10 repetition maximum (10RM) in the barbell bench press and fly with dumbbells on different days, respecting a 48-hour interval between the test and re-test sessions. After 72 hours of the last test day, participants performed the experimental protocols in randomized order with a 72-hour interval between sessions. Blood samples were taken 10 minutes before and immediately after the training protocols. The protocol without stretching was significantly increased LAC concentrations (p = 0.029). However, the same did not occur for the concentration of CK (p = 0.302). The TTV was higher for the protocol without stretching (p < 0.001), and the RPE was significantly higher for the protocol with stretching between sets (p = 0.003). We concluded that the FST-7 method with stretching resulted in higher RPE, which may be related to the decline in performance, translated by the lower TTV in relation to the condition without stretching. This lower TTV may have affected the lower LAC accumulation observed in the FST-7 method with stretching. (AU)

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The session order of aerobic and resistance training seems to be important for glycemic behavior, as when performed in isolation they help to reduce glycosylated hemoglobin. The purpose of the present study was to compare the acute effect of aerobic and resistance training session orders on glycemia levels of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A counterbalanced crossover design was used in this study. Eighteen older adults with type 2 diabetes, 13 men and 5 women, non-insulin and beta-blocker dependents, were recruited. All participants performed two training sessions in different orders: aerobic + resistance (AER) and resistance + aerobic (RES). There was a seven-day interval between sessions. In the AER session, a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in blood glucose was observed between training (Mid moment: p < 0.001) and after each session (Post moment: p = 0.003) compared to the baseline (Pre moment). In the RES session, no difference (p = 0.731) was found at the Mid moment in relation to the Pre moment, but a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in blood glucose was observed in the Post moment. A comparison of the different training sessions showed a significant difference (p = 0.012) at the Mid moment, whereas the blood glucose showed a sharper reduction the AER session. In conclusion, we observed that combined training, regardless of the order, was effective for acute glycemic behavior in older people with type 2 diabetes, and aerobic training was the main factor responsible for the reduction blood glucose

A ordem da sessão de treino aeróbio e resistido parece ser importante para a resposta glicêmica, uma vez que quando realizados isoladamente ajudam a reduzir a hemoglobina glicosilada. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a ordem da sessão de treinamento aeróbio e resistido na resposta glicêmica agudo em idosos com diabetes tipo 2. A amostra foi composta por idosos, diagnosticados com diabetes do tipo 2, 13 homens e 5 mulheres, não tratados com insulina e betabloqueadores. Todos realizaram duas sessões de treinamentos com diferentes ordens: aeróbio + resistido (AER) e resistido + aeróbio (RES). As sessões foram separadas por sete dias. Na sessão AER, foi observado uma diminuição significativa (p < 0,001) da glicemia entre as sessões (ENTRE: p < 0,001) e após cada sessão (PÓS: p = 0,003) em comparação com a linha de base (PRÉ). Na sessão RES, nenhuma diferença (p > 0,731) foi encontrada no momento ENTRE em relação ao momento PRÉ, mas uma diminuição significativa (p < 0,001) da glicose no sangue foi observada no momento PÓS. Uma comparação das diferentes sessões de treinamento mostrou uma diferença significativa (p = 0,012) no momento ENTRE, enquanto a glicemia mostrou uma queda mais acentuada na sessão AER. Concluiu-se que o treinamento combinado, independente da ordem, foi eficaz na resposta glicêmica aguda em idosos com diabetes do tipo 2 e o treinamento aeróbico foi o principal responsável pela queda de glicose no sangue

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Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar o fenômeno da epidemia de uso de drogas psiquiátricas a partir da perspectiva do consumo cada vez mais disseminado e sua relação com a criação de subjetividades sociais que se constituem pela medicalização. Foram considerados dois diferentes contextos de uso que não necessariamente estão vinculados a diagnósticos. Em uma extremidade do fenômeno, identifica-se o consumo voltado para melhoria de desempenho em atividades competitivas de mercado, utilizando drogas como metilfenidato com a perspectiva de ultrapassar o desenvolvimento usual das práticas sociais e produtivas. Em outra extremidade, populações vulnerabilizadas que utilizam os psicotrópicos com o intuito de suportar experiências cotidianas de sofrimento que seriam intoleráveis de outra forma. A análise, apresentada na forma de ensaio, indicou um processo de uso acentuado de drogas psiquiátricas relacionado aos ideais de produtividade e desempenho ditados pelo padrão normativo da subjetividade neoliberal, o qual atinge particularmente as mulheres.

Resumen: Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la epidemia del consumo de drogas psiquiátricas desde la perspectiva de un consumo cada vez más extendido y su relación con la creación de subjetividades sociales que están constituidas por la medicalización. Se consideraron dos contextos de uso diferentes, que no están necesariamente vinculados a los diagnósticos. En un extremo del fenómeno, se identifica el consumo orientado a mejorar el desempeño en actividades competitivas de mercado, utilizando drogas como el metilfenidato con la perspectiva de ir más allá del desarrollo habitual de prácticas sociales y productivas. En el otro extremo, poblaciones vulnerables que consumen psicofármacos para sustentar las vivencias cotidianas de sufrimiento que de otro modo serían intolerables. El análisis, presentado en forma de ensayo, indicó un proceso de uso acentuado de drogas psiquiátricas relacionado con los ideales de productividad y desempeño dictados por el patrón normativo de la subjetividad neoliberal, que afecta particularmente a las mujeres.

Abstract: This article aims to analyze the phenomenon of the epidemic of psychiatric drug use from the perspective of increasingly widespread consumption and its relationship with the creation of social subjectivities that are constituted by medicalization. Two different contexts of use which are not necessarily linked to diagnoses were considered. At one end of the phenomenon, consumption aimed at improving performance in competitive market activities is identified, with drugs such as methylphenidate being used with the perspective of going beyond the usual development of social and productive practices. At the other end, there are vulnerable populations that use psychotropic drugs in order to support everyday experiences of suffering that would otherwise be intolerable. The analysis, presented in the form of an essay, indicated a process of accentuated use of psychiatric drugs related to the ideals of productivity and performance dictated by the normative pattern of neoliberal subjectivity, which particularly affects women.

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The purpose of the present study was to verify the acute effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort, acid-base balance and intermittent isometric handgrip test performance in Jiu-Jitsu athletes. Ten male (22.2 ± 3.9 years; 174 ± 0.07 cm; 74.5 ± 8.9 kg) jiu-jitsu athletes participated in this counterbalanced double-blind crossover study. Two protocols, a) supplementation with 0.3 g.kg-1 of body weight of sodium bicarbonate, and b) supplementation with 0.045 g.kg-1 of body weight of placebo substance, were employed. Gastrointestinal tolerability was assessed by the questionnaire. Blood samples were collected at three time points (baseline, pre-ISO, and post-ISO) to determine the responses of potential hydrogenionic (pH), bicarbonate (HCO3- ), base excess (EB) and lactate concentrations. The maximum voluntary contraction test and the intermittent isometric contraction test were also performed. As a result, none of the athletes reported significant gastrointestinal discomfort (p > 0.05). HCO3- , pH, and EB at the pre-ISO and post-ISO moments were significantly higher for the sodium bicarbonate protocol. Lactate concentrations were significantly higher for both post-ISO protocols (p = 0.000). There was no significant difference in the performance of the maximum voluntary contraction test and the intermittent isometric contraction test (p > 0.05). Thus, we conclude that sodium bicarbonate supplementation does not generate adverse responses resulting in gastrointestinal discomfort, and does not benefit performance yet promotes a state of metabolic alkalosis.

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Background: CrossFit® training is a high-intensity functional training program that aims to increase physical functional performance through biochemical responses, i.e., hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory responses. Most hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory changes induced by CrossFit® training have been reported in isolated clinical studies. The purpose of this review was to systematically explore the existing literature on characterization of hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory responses resulting from CrossFit® training. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from August 2019 to October 2019. Studies were selected through critical review of the content. Using specific keywords, 623 articles were found, of which 597 were excluded for ineligibility, and 25 were eligible. The papers were separated according to subject area: hormonal (n = 8), metabolic (n = 19), and inflammatory (n = 6) changes. All were published between 2015 and 2019. Results: This review reveals potential effects of CrossFit® training on hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory responses. However, studies had low levels of evidence and reliability due to methodological limitations. Conclusion: In summary, the results showed a greater volume and intensity of workouts accentuate the responses, that are of paramount importance for improving understanding of the effects of CrossFit® training and serve as a basis for prescribing future exercise protocols.

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Nitrogen (N) is one of the nutrients absorbed in great quantity by maize crop. Also, N fertilizers are of high costs and subject to large losses into the agricultural environment. There are various categories of fertilizers known as fertilizers of improved efficiency that can minimize such N losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sources and doses of N in maize agronomic performance. The experiment was installed in randomized blocks, with four replications, designed as a factorial 5 x 5 + 1, constituted by five N sources (urea, urea polymerized, urea with NBPT, organomineral with and without NBPT), five N doses (40, 80, 120, 160, 200 kg ha-1) plus a control (no N supply). The chlorophyll contents and grain yield were evaluated. The results showed no differences for the different N sources, indicating that the organomineral sources are as efficient as the mineral sources. The addition of N fertilizers in increasing doses, regardless of the source tested, has increased the levels of chlorophylls and grain yiled.

O nitrogênio (N) é um dos nutrientes absorvidos em grande quantidade pela cultura do milho. Além disso, os fertilizantes nitrogenados são de alto custo e sujeitos a grandes perdas no ambiente agrícola. Existem várias categorias de fertilizantes, conhecidas como fertilizantes de maior eficiência, que podem minimizar essas perdas de N. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes e doses de N no desempenho agronômico do milho. O experimento foi instalado em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, delineadas como fatorial 5 x 5 + 1, constituído por cinco fontes de N (uréia, uréia polimerizada, uréia com NBPT, organomineral com e sem NBPT), cinco doses de N (40, 80, 120, 160, 200 kg ha-1) mais um controle (sem fornecimento de N). O conteúdo de clorofila e o rendimento de grãos foram avaliados. Os resultados não mostraram diferenças para as diferentes fontes de N, indicando que as fontes organomineral são tão eficientes quanto as fontes minerais. A adição de fertilizantes N em doses crescentes, independentemente da fonte testada, aumentou os níveis de clorofilas e rendimento de grãos

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Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (Bti) is used to control insect vectors of human and animal diseases. In the present study, the toxicity of four strains of Bti, named T0124, T0131, T0137, and T0139, toward Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae was analyzed. The T0131 strain showed the highest larvicidal activity against A. aegypti (LC50 = 0.015 µg/ml) and C. quinquefasciatus larvae (LC50 = 0.035 µg/ml) when compared to the other strains. Furthermore, the genomic sequences of the four strains were obtained and compared. These Bti strains had chromosomes sizes of approximately 5.4 Mb with GC contents of ~35% and 5472-5477 putative coding regions. Three small plasmids (5.4, 6.8, and 7.6 kb) and three large plasmids (127, 235, and 359 kb) were found in the extrachromosomal content of all four strains. The SNP-based phylogeny revealed close relationship among isolates from this study and other Bti isolates, and SNPs analysis of the plasmids 127 kb did not reveal any mutations in δ-endotoxins genes. This newly acquired sequence data for these Bti strains may be useful in the search for novel insecticidal toxins to improve existing ones or develop new strategies for the biological control of important insect vectors of human and animal diseases.

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This article focuses on the attention to the crisis in mental health within the scope of Brazilian public health policies. It sets out to show the theoretical and practical disputes of significance about the notions of crisis that unfold in different models of care in situations of urgency and emergency in mental health, as well as in challenges to the effectiveness of the care process in the health network. The survey began with a descriptive and exploratory study, with emphasis on the study of protocols and institutional documents in mental health, from the sociotechnical standpoint. As an original contribution of this article, the main socio-technical dichotomies that emerged from the processes of attention to the crisis in Brazil (in the use of terminologies, clinical practice and attention models, the main challenges for consolidation of network care and in the vacancy regulation strategies) were highlighted.

Este artigo desenvolve uma reflexão da atenção às situações de crise em saúde mental no âmbito das políticas públicas de saúde brasileiras. Tem como objetivo analisar as disputas de sentido teóricas e práticas sobre a noção de crise que se desdobram em diferentes modelos de atenção às situações de urgência e emergência em saúde mental, bem como em desafios para a efetivação do processo de cuidado em rede. Partimos de um estudo exploratório, com ênfase na análise de protocolos e documentos institucionais em saúde mental, à luz da abordagem sociotécnica. Como contribuição original deste artigo, foram elencadas as principais dicotomias sociotécnicas que emergem dos processos de atenção à crise no Brasil (no uso das terminologias, na prática clínica, na conformação dos modelos de atenção em rede e em suas estratégias de regulação de vagas).

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Resumo Este artigo desenvolve uma reflexão da atenção às situações de crise em saúde mental no âmbito das políticas públicas de saúde brasileiras. Tem como objetivo analisar as disputas de sentido teóricas e práticas sobre a noção de crise que se desdobram em diferentes modelos de atenção às situações de urgência e emergência em saúde mental, bem como em desafios para a efetivação do processo de cuidado em rede. Partimos de um estudo exploratório, com ênfase na análise de protocolos e documentos institucionais em saúde mental, à luz da abordagem sociotécnica. Como contribuição original deste artigo, foram elencadas as principais dicotomias sociotécnicas que emergem dos processos de atenção à crise no Brasil (no uso das terminologias, na prática clínica, na conformação dos modelos de atenção em rede e em suas estratégias de regulação de vagas).

Abstract This article focuses on the attention to the crisis in mental health within the scope of Brazilian public health policies. It sets out to show the theoretical and practical disputes of significance about the notions of crisis that unfold in different models of care in situations of urgency and emergency in mental health, as well as in challenges to the effectiveness of the care process in the health network. The survey began with a descriptive and exploratory study, with emphasis on the study of protocols and institutional documents in mental health, from the sociotechnical standpoint. As an original contribution of this article, the main socio-technical dichotomies that emerged from the processes of attention to the crisis in Brazil (in the use of terminologies, clinical practice and attention models, the main challenges for consolidation of network care and in the vacancy regulation strategies) were highlighted.

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Abstract Aim: To verify the acute effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation on performance during CrossFit® workout. Methods: Nine experienced males (30.8 ± 3.5 years; 84.4 ± 9.5 kg; 177.5 ± 4.03 cm; 2.2 ± 1.0 years) in CrossFit® participated in this study. They were allocated to two conditions: a) supplementation with 0.3 g.kg-1 of body weight of NaHCO3 and b) supplementation with 0.045 g.kg-1 of body weight of sodium chloride (NaCl). Blood lactate was analyzed at two different moments: before (lac-pre) and after the training protocol (lac-post). The heart rate (HR) and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also collected every two minutes during the execution of the training protocol, and the RPE was also collected after it was finished. At the end of the training protocol, a questionnaire to measure gastrointestinal side effects (GSE) was answered by the participants. Repetitions performed in the training protocol was computed to evaluate the performance during the workout. Results: The results showed that there were no differences found when comparing the conditions for all parameters. HR and RPE were different in the first few minutes (< 4-6 minutes) when compared to the final minutes (> 14 minutes) of the workout. The area under the curve of HR and RPE was significantly lower in the NaHCO3 condition. Conclusion: Acute NaHCO3 supplementation did not improve performance during workout 'Cindy' in experienced men. Supplementation also did not alter hemodynamic and perceptual parameters, nor did it cause any GSE. However, responses as a function of time were reduced with NaHCO3 supplementation.

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This study was designed to analyze the chronical responses of the hormonal and immune systems after a CrossFit® training period of six months as well as to compare these results between genders. Twenty-nine CrossFit® practitioners (35.3 ± 10.4 years, 175.0 ± 9.2 cm, 79.5 ± 16.4 kg) with a minimum CrossFit® experience of six months were recruited, and hormonal and immune responses were verified every two months during training. The training was conducted in five consecutive days during the week, followed by two resting days. Testosterone (T) values were significantly higher at the last measurement time (T6 = 346.0 ± 299.7 pg·mL-1) than at all the other times (p < 0.002) and were higher in men than in women (p < 0.001). Cortisol (C) levels were lower at all times compared to the initial level before training, and differences were observed between men and women, with men having a lower value (T0: p = 0.028; T2: p = 0.013; T4: p = 0.002; and T6: p = 0.002). The TC ratio in women was lower at all times (p < 0.0001) than in men. Significant effects on CD8 levels at different times (F(3.81) = 7.287; p = 0.002; ηp2 = 0.213) and between genders (F(1.27) = 4.282; p = 0.048; ηp2 = 0.137), and no differences in CD4 levels were observed. CrossFit® training changed the serum and basal levels of testosterone and cortisol in men (with an increase in testosterone and a decrease in cortisol).

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Ovulation synchronization protocols are well established in beef and dairy cows. However, the protocol response rate is around 70-90%. In beef cows, factors such as inadequate nutrition and calf presence negatively impact the response of progesterone (P4)/estradiol-based ovulation synchronization protocols by interfering with GnRH release and consequently reducing LH pulsatility and final follicular development. In dairy cows, protocols based on GnRH and prostaglandin (Ovsynch) are the most widely used in the world. However, the efficiency of Ovsynch is dependent on the presence of a large follicle at the time of administration of the first GnRH. In these ovulation synchronization protocols, pre-synchronization protocols (Prostaglandins, Double Ovsynch and P4synch) are usually attempted in an effort to increase responses. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss pre-ovulation synchronization strategies (administration of injectable P4 or energetic/protein supplementation or pre-synchronization with intra-vaginal progesterone devices) aiming to increase the LH pulsatility in beef cows or induce the formation of a GnRH-responsive follicle at the beginning of the Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows.

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Ovulation synchronization protocols are well established in beef and dairy cows. However, the protocol response rate is around 70-90%. In beef cows, factors such as inadequate nutrition and calf presence negatively impact the response of progesterone (P4)/estradiol-based ovulation synchronization protocols by interfering with GnRH release and consequently reducing LH pulsatility and final follicular development. In dairy cows, protocols based on GnRH and prostaglandin (Ovsynch) are the most widely used in the world. However, the efficiency of Ovsynch is dependent on the presence of a large follicle at the time of administration of the first GnRH. In these ovulation synchronization protocols, pre-synchronization protocols (Prostaglandins, Double Ovsynch and P4synch) are usually attempted in an effort to increase responses. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss pre-ovulation synchronization strategies (administration of injectable P4 or energetic/protein supplementation or presynchronization with intra-vaginal progesterone devices) aiming to increase the LH pulsatility in beef cows or induce the formation of a GnRH-responsive follicle at the beginning of the Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows.(AU)

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Ovulation synchronization protocols are well established in beef and dairy cows. However, the protocol response rate is around 70-90%. In beef cows, factors such as inadequate nutrition and calf presence negatively impact the response of progesterone (P4)/estradiol-based ovulation synchronization protocols by interfering with GnRH release and consequently reducing LH pulsatility and final follicular development. In dairy cows, protocols based on GnRH and prostaglandin (Ovsynch) are the most widely used in the world. However, the efficiency of Ovsynch is dependent on the presence of a large follicle at the time of administration of the first GnRH. In these ovulation synchronization protocols, pre-synchronization protocols (Prostaglandins, Double Ovsynch and P4synch) are usually attempted in an effort to increase responses. Thus, the objective of this review was to discuss pre-ovulation synchronization strategies (administration of injectable P4 or energetic/protein supplementation or presynchronization with intra-vaginal progesterone devices) aiming to increase the LH pulsatility in beef cows or induce the formation of a GnRH-responsive follicle at the beginning of the Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows.

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