RESUMO
Bud necrosis (BN) is a common disorder that affects Vitis vinifera L. and reduces its potential yield. To minimize the losses caused by BN, the double pruning management was applied in Brazilian Southeast vineyards. In this management strategy plants are pruned at the winter to promote a vegetative cycle and then, at summer, to promote the reproductive cycle at optimal environmental conditions. To investigate the relationship of BN and the double pruning management RNA-seq libraries were sequenced from healthy and necrotic tissues at four different stages of the year. The comparison of differentially expressed genes in necrotic and non-necrotic tissues showed an enhanced expression of genes related to cell death possibly induced by endophytic microorganisms in the necrotic tissues. The de novo assembly, characterization and quantification of transcripts within the RNA-seq libraries showed that genes from the endophytic fungus Alternaria alternata, responsible for the production of toxic compounds were highly expressed under BN. Here we propose a model in which unfavorable conditions and reduced carbohydrate levels in buds can promote the switch from a biotrophic lifestyle to a necrotrophic lifestyle in the endophytic fungi, which seems to be involved in the development of BN.
Assuntos
Alternaria/fisiologia , Endófitos/fisiologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Vitis/genética , Vitis/microbiologia , Necrose/genética , Brotos de Planta/genética , Brotos de Planta/microbiologia , ReproduçãoRESUMO
In the Brazilian Southeast, the production of high quality wines is attained by a new management approach called double pruning. This management changes the harvesting of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) from wet summer to dry winter through a two pruning procedures carried out during the year. The first pruning is done during the winter to induce a vegetative cycle (all clusters are removed) and a second pruning is done during the summer to induce the reproductive cycle. In this study, ten different rootstocks were compared in order to optimize yield and wine quality of Syrah vines conducted under autumn-winter season by double pruning approach. Syrah grapevines grafted onto 'Rupestris du Lot' and 'IAC 766' showed the highest pruning weight, while '110 Richter' and '161-49 Courdec' induced the lowest cane vigor. The average production of two seasons identified 'IAC 766', 'Kober 5BB' and 'Rupestris du Lot' as the most productive rootstocks. In both seasons, the grape quality was more influenced by the plant development status than by rootstocks. 'Syrah' wine from vigorous and high yielding rootstocks, 'IAC 766' and 'Rupestris du Lot', showed satisfactory wine phenolic composition and alcohol/acidity balance. This study showed that vigorous rootstock increased yield without compromising grape and winter wine quality of Syrah grapevines subjected to double pruning management in the Brazilian Southeast.
Assuntos
24444 , Vinho , Vitis , Frutas , Padrão de Identidade e Qualidade para Produtos e ServiçosRESUMO
In the Brazilian Southeast, the production of high quality wines is attained by a new management approach called double pruning. This management changes the harvesting of wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) from wet summer to dry winter through a two pruning procedures carried out during the year. The first pruning is done during the winter to induce a vegetative cycle (all clusters are removed) and a second pruning is done during the summer to induce the reproductive cycle. In this study, ten different rootstocks were compared in order to optimize yield and wine quality of Syrah vines conducted under autumn-winter season by double pruning approach. Syrah grapevines grafted onto 'Rupestris du Lot' and 'IAC 766' showed the highest pruning weight, while '110 Richter' and '161-49 Courdec' induced the lowest cane vigor. The average production of two seasons identified 'IAC 766', 'Kober 5BB' and 'Rupestris du Lot' as the most productive rootstocks. In both seasons, the grape quality was more influenced by the plant development status than by rootstocks. 'Syrah' wine from vigorous and high yielding rootstocks, 'IAC 766' and 'Rupestris du Lot', showed satisfactory wine phenolic composition and alcohol/acidity balance. This study showed that vigorous rootstock increased yield without compromising grape and winter wine quality of Syrah grapevines subjected to double pruning management in the Brazilian Southeast.(AU)
Assuntos
Vitis , Vinho , 24444 , Padrão de Identidade e Qualidade para Produtos e Serviços , FrutasRESUMO
'Bordô' grapevines (Vitis labrusca) have great relevance to viticulture due to the quality they can impart to wines and juices. However, this cultivar has high variation in yield, ranging from 6 to 11 t ha-1. The use of clones with superior genetic potential related to scions currently marketed may increase crop profitability and revitalize its cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomical responses of twelve clones of the Bordô cultivar selected over a period of 15 years according to yield and quality. The vineyard was planted in 2008. Grape plants were grafted onto '1103 Paulsen' rootstock and trained on vertical shoot positioning. The agronomical evaluations, performed in the 2011, 2012 and 2013 seasons, covered the duration of their phenological cycles, shoot growth, yield per plant, estimated total yield and physicochemical characteristics. Differences were found between clones in terms of phenology, yield components, and berry composition. Clone 6 had the lowest yield, averaging 5.0 t ha-1 whereas clone 13 was the most productive with 14.9 t ha-1. Based on the most productive vineyards in the region (10.8 t ha-1), the adoption of more productive clones can generate an increase in yield of around 38 %.(AU)
Assuntos
Vitis/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Antocianinas , Qualidade dos AlimentosRESUMO
'Bordô' grapevines (Vitis labrusca) have great relevance to viticulture due to the quality they can impart to wines and juices. However, this cultivar has high variation in yield, ranging from 6 to 11 t ha-1. The use of clones with superior genetic potential related to scions currently marketed may increase crop profitability and revitalize its cultivation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomical responses of twelve clones of the Bordô cultivar selected over a period of 15 years according to yield and quality. The vineyard was planted in 2008. Grape plants were grafted onto '1103 Paulsen' rootstock and trained on vertical shoot positioning. The agronomical evaluations, performed in the 2011, 2012 and 2013 seasons, covered the duration of their phenological cycles, shoot growth, yield per plant, estimated total yield and physicochemical characteristics. Differences were found between clones in terms of phenology, yield components, and berry composition. Clone 6 had the lowest yield, averaging 5.0 t ha-1 whereas clone 13 was the most productive with 14.9 t ha-1. Based on the most productive vineyards in the region (10.8 t ha-1), the adoption of more productive clones can generate an increase in yield of around 38 %.