RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: To define the normal ranges of the thicknesses of the skin and subcutaneous tissues via ultrasonography, and determine whether the current syringe needle-lengths used for the subcutaneous injections were appropriate. Methods: The thicknesses of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of 2244 students were measured at the left arm using ultrasonography. The patients were divided into three groups based on their age: 6-8, 9-12 and 13-17 years. Results: The thicknesses of the skin, subcutaneous tissue and skin-subcutaneous tissue were found to be positively correlated with their age, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area. All these were observed to be gender related. There was the possibility to make intramuscular injections for 50%, 25% and 25% of boys within the age groups of 6-8, 9-12 and 13-17 years, respectively. For girls, the risk of intramuscular injection was 25% for all the age groups. Conclusion: The study showed that the skin and skin-subcutaneous tissue thicknesses varied as a function of the patients' age, gender, BMIs and body surface areas.
RESUMO
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the gynaecological organs affects the uterine cervix and ovary. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary is extremely rare, and prognosis is quite poor even when diagnosed at an early stage. These tumours respond poorly to standard chemotherapy regimens. The clinical observation of skin metastasis in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer is relatively uncommon, occurring in only 3.5% of patients. These lesions are observed mostly in skin of the abdominal wall adjacent to the primary ovarian tumours. Metastatic skin lesions on extremities are much more rare; it is reported that only 12% of epithelial ovarian carcinoma skin metastases occur on the limbs. Skin metastasis due to large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary has not been previously reported. We report the case of a large cell neuroendocrine tumour of the ovary with skin metastases on extremities appearing two months after surgery in a 68-year old woman.