RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different times and concentrations of hydrofluoric acid etching on the surface of indirect restorative materials obtained from blocks used in CAD-CAM technology. METHODS: Specimens (4 mm × 4 mm × 0.8 mm) were obtained for each indirect restorative material: zirconia-reinforced lithium monosilicate ceramic (Celtra Duo), nanoceramic resin (Lava Ultimate), and polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material (Vita Enamic). The materials were submitted to etching with 5% or 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20, 40, 60, or 90 s. A control group for each material was evaluated without any surface treatment, totaling nine experimental groups for each material (n = 10). The specimens were evaluated for surface roughness (Ra and Rz), confocal optical microscopy, the contact angle (θ), surface free energy (γs), total free interaction energy (∆G) using a goniometer, and microshear bond strength to resin cement. Specimen images were obtained using scanning electron microscopy, confocal optical microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Data on the surface roughness, the contact angle, surface free energy, total free interaction energy, and bond strength were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey´s test (α=0.05). RESULTS: In general, Celtra Duo showed better results after etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 40 or 60 s. Lava Ultimate showed better performance after etching with 10% hydrofluoric acid for 20 or 40 s, whereas Vita Enamic showed better results after etching with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 90 s. CONCLUSION: Each material showed different characteristics after etching with hydrofluoric acid. Knowledge of the proper protocol for each material is essential to ensure improvements in the adhesion process and durability of indirect restorations. In general, Celtra Duo presented mechanical properties superior to those of Lava Ultimate and Vita Enamic. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Specific etching protocols must be recommended for each indirect material because longer exposure to hydrofluoric acid can jeopardize the surface, thus affecting the mechanical and bond strength properties.

Assuntos

RESUMO

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Redesigned mixing tips, promising less impression material waste, have been marketed. However, whether their use adversely affects the dimensional stability and detail reproduction of the impression material is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dimensional stability, detail reproduction, and material waste of different polyvinyl siloxane impression materials (regular and light-body) mixed with 2 different mixing tips (MIXPAC T-Mixer mixing tip and MIXPAC helical mixing tip). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six different polyvinyl siloxane impression materials were used in 2 different consistencies: Virtual Monophase and Virtual Light Body (Ivoclar Vivadent AG), Express XT Regular and Express XT Light Body (3M ESPE), and Panasil initial contact Regular and Panasil initial contact Light (Kettenbach). The polyvinyl siloxane impression materials were mixed with 2 different mixing tips: conventional helical and T-Mixer (n=10). The specimens were prepared in a metal matrix as per specification #19 of the American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association (ANSI/ADA) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4823:2015. The materials were mixed with both mixing tips as per the manufacturer's instructions, inserted into a perforated custom tray on the matrix, and allowed to polymerize completely. The dimensional stability was calculated based on the measurement of the reproduction of lines engraved in the metal matrix. Detail reproduction was evaluated through analysis of continuity and reproducibility of those lines, immediately, 7 days, and 14 days after polymerization. Material waste was assessed by the difference between the initial (before mixing) and final weight (after complete polymerization) of both mixing tips. The data on dimensional stability and detail reproduction among the materials were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (α=.05). Comparison between the mixing tips was carried out with the Mann-Whitney test (α=.05), while the comparison among the periods of analysis (immediate, 7 days, and 14 days) was carried out with the Friedman test (α=.05). The data on material waste between the mixing tips were submitted to 1-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey honestly significant difference tests (α=.05). RESULTS: The T-Mixer mixing tip resulted in reduced material waste. For dimensional stability, Virtual Light mixed with T-Mixer resulted in lower dimensional change (0.53 ±0.58%) compared with the helical mixing tip (1.09 ±0.43%). Among the materials, Panasil Light presented higher values of dimensional change at immediate and 7-day analysis when mixed with T-Mixer tip with a statistical difference compared with Express Light, Virtual Light, and Panasil Regular (P<.05). In general, both mixing tips provided similar results in all periods of analysis (P>.05) for qualitative analysis of detail reproduction. CONCLUSIONS: The T-Mixer tip resulted in less material waste compared with the helical mixing tip. In general, light-body materials showed higher dimensional stability when the T-Mixer tip was used compared with the conventional tip. In general, reduced detail reproduction was observed after periods longer than 7 days after impression making.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre materiais, técnicas de confecção, vantagens, desvantagens e limitações das restaurações cerâmicas multicamadas e monolíticas. Revisão de literatura: embora as cerâmicas odontológicas sejam utilizadas para confecção de restaurações dentárias indiretas, porque têm excelentes propriedades mecânicas e estéticas, são materiais susceptíveis à fratura sob forças oclusais. Para compensar essa fragilidade, restaurações multicamadas são confeccionadas associando um material mais resistente para a infraestrutura e a posterior aplicação de cerâmica para recobrimento estético. Porém, as restaurações multicamadas apresentam como desvantagem o possível lascamento da cerâmica de recobrimento. Essas falhas comprometem a restauração funcional e a estética, exigindo a substituição da peça protética em muitos casos. Sendo assim, devido à evolução de sistemas cerâmicos e técnicas de processamento, surgiram as restaurações cerâmicas monolíticas fabricadas com um único material, a fim de superar tal limitação. Nesse sentido, diferentes materiais e técnicas são apresentados na literatura para a confecção de restaurações cerâmicas monolíticas. Considerações finais: as restaurações multicamadas têm bom resultado estético, porém podem apresentar lascamento da cerâmica de recobrimento. Essa limitação é superada pelo uso de um único material para as restaurações monolíticas, mas o resultado estético pode ser limitado. De um modo geral, a literatura demonstra um bom comportamento clínico para as restaurações cerâmicas multicamadas e monolíticas, quando a técnica de confecção e o sistema cerâmico são bem indicados. (AU)

Objective: the aim of this study was to conduct a literature review about the materials, techniques, advantages, disadvantages and limitations of multilayer and monolitic ceramic restorations. Literature review: although dental ceramics have been used for fabrication of dental restorations due to its good esthetic and mechanical properties, it is a material prone to fracture under oclusal loading. To surpass such fragility, multilayer restorations are fabricated using a resistant framework material associated to esthetic veneering ceramic. However, multilayer restorations present risk to chipping of veneering ceramic. Those failures represent a functional and esthetic problem, leading to restoration replacement. So, the evolution of ceramic systems and techniques generated monolitic restorations using a single material. Several materials and techniques are presented in the literature for fabrication of monolitic ceramic restorations. Final considerations: multilayer restorations present good esthetic result but delamination of veneering ceramic can occur. Such limitation is solved using a single material in monolitic restorations, but esthetic result is limited. In general, literature shows appropriate clinical performance for both multilayer and monolitic ceramic restorations when technique and materials are well indicated. (AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

O planejamento virtual para cirurgia guiada é uma técnica que vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada na Implantodontia. Sendo assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre a técnica de planejamento virtual para cirurgia guiada sem retalho em reabilitação oral com implantes osseointegráveis, de modo a fornecer informação sobre as características, vantagens e limitações dessa modalidade. Diversos estudos demonstraram a confiabilidade e vantagens da técnica quanto à precisão do planejamento, inserção dos implantes, fabricação da prótese e satisfação do paciente. No entanto, alguns autores relataram que desvios podem ocorrer quanto ao posicionamento dos implantes em relação ao planejamento virtual, o que ressalta a importância da utilização do guia cirúrgico, bem como precisão durante a execução de todas as etapas clínicas e laboratoriais. Concluiu-se que, apesar das limitações relatadas por alguns autores, o método apresenta diversas vantagens que garantem a sua previsibilidade quando indicado e executado corretamente (AU).

The virtual planning for guided surgery has been a widely used technique in Implantology. Thus, the aim of this study was to conduct a literatura review about the virtual planning for flapless guided surgery in oral rehabilitation with dental implants regarding its characteristics, advantages, and limitations. Several studies demonstrated the reliability and advantages of this approach as a consequence of accuracy during treatment planning, implants insertion, prosthesis fabrication, and patient's satisfaction. However, some authors reported deviations of implants positioning compared to the virtual planning, which highlighted the importance of using the surgical guide as well as the accuracy during all clinical and laboratorial steps. Despite of the limitations demonstrated by some authors, it was concluded that this method presents several advantages to enhance its predictability when the procedures are well indicated and performed (AU).

Assuntos

RESUMO

Considering the ability of atmospheric-pressure cold plasma (ACP) to disrupt the biofilm matrix and rupture cell structure, it can be an efficient tool against virulent oral biofilms. However, it is fundamental that ACP does not cause damage to oral tissue. So, this study evaluated (1) the antimicrobial effect of ACP on single- and dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus as well as (2) the biological safety of ACP on in vitro reconstituted oral epithelium. Standardized cell suspensions of each microorganism were prepared for biofilm culture on acrylic resin discs at 37°C for 48 hours. The biofilms were submitted to ACP treatment at 10 mm of plasma tip-to-sample distance during 60 seconds. Positive controls were penicillin G and fluconazole for S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. The biofilms were analyzed through counting of viable colonies, confocal laser scanning microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy for detection of reactive oxygen species. The in vitro reconstituted oral epithelium was submitted to similar ACP treatment and analyzed through histology, cytotoxocity test (LDH release), viability test (MTT assay) and imunnohistochemistry (Ki67 expression). All plasma-treated biofilms presented significant log10 CFU/mL reduction, alteration in microorganism/biofilm morphology, and reduced viability in comparison to negative and positive controls. In addition, fluorescence microscopy revealed presence of reactive oxygen species in all plasma-treated biofilms. Low cytotoxicity and high viability were observed in oral epithelium of negative control and plasma group. Histology showed neither sign of necrosis nor significant alteration in plasma-treated epithelium. Ki67-positive cells revealed maintenance of cell proliferation in plasma-treated epithelium. Atmospheric-pressure cold plasma is a promissing approach to eliminate single- and dual-species biofilms of C. albicans and S. aureus without having toxic effects in oral epithelium.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The effect of veneering materials on screw joint stability remains inconclusive. Thus, this study evaluated the preload maintenance of abutment screws of single crowns fabricated with different abutments and veneering materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty crowns were divided into five groups (n = 12): UCLA abutment in gold alloy with ceramic (group GC) and resin (group GR) veneering, UCLA abutment in titanium with ceramic (group TiC) and resin (group TiR) veneering, and zirconia abutment with ceramic veneering (group ZiC). Abutment screws made of gold were used with a 35 Ncm insertion torque. Detorque measurements were obtained initially and after mechanical cycling. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher's exact test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: For the initial detorque means (in Ncm), group TiC (21.4 ± 1.78) exhibited statistically lower torque maintenance than groups GC (23.9 ± 0.91), GR (24.1 ± 1.34), and TiR (23.2 ± 1.33) (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). Group ZiC (21.9 ± 2.68) exhibited significantly lower torque maintenance than groups GC, GR, and TiR (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). After mechanical cycling, there was a statistically significant difference between groups TiC (22.1 ± 1.86) and GR (23.8 ± 1.56); between groups ZiC (21.7 ± 2.02) and GR; and also between groups ZiC and TiR (23.6 ± 1.30) (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact test). CONCLUSIONS: Detorque reduction occurred regardless of abutment type and veneering material. More irregular surfaces in the hexagon area of the castable abutments were observed. The superiority of any veneering material concerning preload maintenance was not established.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the role of the implant/abutment system on torque maintenance of titanium retention screws and the vertical misfit of screw-retained implant-supported crowns before and after mechanical cycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups were studied: morse taper implants with conical abutments (MTC group), external-hexagon implants with conical abutments (EHC group), and external-hexagon implants with UCLA abutments (EHU group). Metallic crowns casted in cobalt-chromium alloy were used (n = 10). Retention screws received insertion torque and, after 3 minutes, initial detorque was measured. Crowns were retightened and submitted to cyclic loading testing under oblique loading (30 degrees) of 130 ± 10 N at 2 Hz of frequency, totaling 1 × 106 cycles. After cycling, final detorque was measured. Vertical misfit was measured using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, Tukey test, and Pearson correlation test (P < .05). RESULTS: All detorque values were lower than the insertion torque both before and after mechanical cycling. No statistically significant difference was observed among groups before mechanical cycling. After mechanical cycling, a statistically significantly lower loss of detorque was verified in the MTC group in comparison to the EHC group. Significantly lower vertical misfit values were noted after mechanical cycling but there was no difference among groups. There was no significant correlation between detorque values and vertical misfit. CONCLUSIONS: All groups presented a significant decrease of torque before and after mechanical cycling. The morse taper connection promoted the highest torque maintenance. Mechanical cycling reduced the vertical misfit of all groups, although no significant correlation between vertical misfit and torque loss was found.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Titanium is a metallic element known by several attractive characteristics, such as biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance and high mechanical resistance. It is widely used in Dentistry, with high success rates, providing a favorable biological response when in contact with live tissues. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the different uses of titanium in Dentistry, reviewing its historical development and discoursing about its state of art and future perspective of its utilization. A search in the MEDLINE/PubMed database was performed using the terms 'titanium', 'dentistry' and 'implants'. The title and abstract of articles were read, and after this first screening 20 articles were selected and their full-texts were downloaded. Additional text books and manual search of reference lists within selected articles were included. Correlated literature showed that titanium is the most used metal in Implantology for manufacturing osseointegrated implants and their systems, with a totally consolidated utilization. Moreover, titanium can be also employed in prosthodontics to obtain frameworks. However, problems related to its machining, casting, welding and ceramic application for dental prosthesis are still limiting its use. In Endodontics, titanium has been used in association to nickel for manufacturing rotatory instruments, providing a higher resistance to deformation. However, although the different possibilities of using titanium in modern Dentistry, its use for prostheses frameworks still needs technological improvements in order to surpass its limitations.

RESUMO

The screw loosening of implant-supported prostheses is a common mechanical failure and is related to several factors as insertion torque and preload. The aim of this study was to evaluate the torque maintenance of retention screws of tapered abutments and cylinders of Morse taper implants submitted to retightening and detorque measurements. Two groups were obtained (n = 12): group I-tapered abutment connected to the implant with titanium retention screw and group II-cylinder with metallic base connected to tapered abutment with titanium retention screw. The detorque values were measured by an analogic torque gauge after 3 minutes of torque insertion. The detorque was measured 10 times for each retention screw of groups I and II, totalizing 120 detorque measurements in each group. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Fisher exact test (P < 0.05). Both groups presented reduced detorque value (P < 0.05) in comparison to the insertion torque in all measurement periods. There was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the detorque values of the first measurement and the other measurement periods for the abutment screw. However, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) for the detorque values of all measurement periods for the cylinder screw. In conclusion, the abutment and cylinder screws exhibited torque loss after insertion, which indicates the need for retightening during function of the implant-supported prostheses.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study compared the maintenance of tightening torque in different retention screw types of implant-supported crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve metallic crowns in UCLA abutments cast with cobalt-chromium alloy were attached to external hexagon osseointegrated implants with different retention screws: group A: titanium alloy retention screw; group B: gold alloy retention screw with gold coating; group C: titanium alloy retention screw with diamond-like carbon film coating; and group D: titanium alloy retention screw with aluminum titanium nitride coating. Three detorque measurements were obtained after torque insertion in each replica. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey's test (P < 0.05), and t test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Detorque value reduced in all groups (P < 0.05). Group A retained the highest percentage of torque in comparison with the other groups (P < 0.05). Groups B and D retained the lowest percentage of torque without statistically significant difference between them (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: All screw types exhibited reduction in the detorque value. The titanium screw maintained the highest percentage of torque whereas the gold-coated screw and the titanium screw with aluminum titanium nitride coating retained the lowest percentage.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to present the factors that influence planning for immediate loading of implants through a literature review for treatment success. Research was conducted in the PubMed database including the key words immediate implant loading, implant-supported prostheses, and implant planning for studies published from 2000 to 2011. Forty-eight articles were used in this review to describe the indications and counterindications, presurgical planning, and technologies available for planning of this treatment alternative.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Esthetics is important for success of implant-supported prostheses. This study aimed to review esthetics concepts for implant treatment. Research in the PubMed database included studies published from 1995 to 2010 with the keywords implant esthetics, implant-supported prostheses, and esthetics. Forty-five studies were evaluated regarding the presurgical planning, surgical phase, and temporary and final restoration phases. It was concluded that esthetics in implant-supported prostheses results from a multidisciplinary approach from planning until insertion of the final restoration.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introdução: A performance de restaurações cerâmicas parafusadas a implantes com diferentes conexões diante de fadiga é um fator importante para o sucesso do tratamento. Proposição: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade e o modo de falha de coroas cerâmicas obtidas com pilares de zircônia parafusadas a implantes osseointegráveis de diferentes conexões. Material e método: Foram formados 3 grupos de acordo com as diferentes conexões pilar-implante: Grupo EH - hexágono externo, Grupo IH - hexágono interno e Grupo MT - Cone Morse. As coroas foram obtidas através da aplicação de cerâmica de revestimento sobre pilar de zircônia utilizando a técnica de aplicação em camadas e parafusadas aos implantes com parafusos de retenção específicos para cada sistema. Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de fadiga acelerado step-stress de acordo com os perfis leve (n=9), moderado (n=6) e agressivo (n=3) determinados após teste de resistência à fratura (n=4) em máquina de ensaio universal. Os dados foram inicialmente avaliados pela análise de use level probability Weibull. Os valores e intervalos de confiabilidade foram obtidos através de standard probability calculation. Considerando os valores de carga para a falha dos espécimes, foi calculada a distribuição de Weibull. Análise fractográfica foi conduzida através de estereomicroscopia e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultado: O valor de β de todos os grupos (EH-β= 0,6307; IH-β=0,9730; MT-β=0,1942) sugere que as falhas foram mais associadas ao nível de carga do que ao dano acumulado. Os valores de confiabilidade para uma missão de 50.000 ciclos e carga de 400 N foram de 97% para o grupo EH, 46% para o grupo IH e 0,5% para o grupo MT com diferença estatisticamente significante entre si. Já para uma missão de 50.000 ciclos e carga de 200 N, os valores de confiabilidade foram de 100% para o grupo EH, 98% para o grupo IH e 89% para o grupo MT. Nesse caso, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre...

Introduction: The performance of screw-retained all-ceramic crowns attached to implants with different connections under fatigue is a relevant factor for treatment success. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and failure mode of screw-retained all-ceramic crowns fabricated with zirconia abutments attached to osseointegrated implants with different connections. Material and method: Three groups were designed according to the implant-abutment connection: Group EH - external hexagon, Group IH - internal hexagon and Group MT - Morse taper. Layering technique was used for veneering of zirconia abutments. The crowns were attached to the implants with the retention screws of each system. Step-stress accelerated fatigue test was conducted according to mild (n=9), moderate (n=6) and aggressive (n=3) profiles determined after single-load-to-fracture test (n=4) in a universal testing machine. Data was previously analyzed by use level probability Weibull. Standard probability calculation was used to determine the reliability and confidence bounds. Weibull distribution was calculated based on the load to failure. Failure modes were described under light polarized microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Result: β of all groups (EH-β= 0.6307; IH-β=0.9730; MT-β=0.1942) suggested that failure was associated to load instead of cumulative damage. Significant difference was observed between the groups for the calculated reliability in a mission of 50,000 cycles at 400 N (97% for group EH, 46% for group IH and 0.5% for group MT). For a mission of 50,000 cycles at 200 N, the calculated reliability was 100% for group EH, 98% for group IH and 89% for group MT. There was no significant difference between EH and IH and between IH and MT. Weibull distribution revealed descending β and η for the groups EH (β=13.05/η=561.81), IH (β=5.81/η=513.45) and MT (β=5.31/η=333.23) and significant difference between the groups. Group EH showed veneer cohesive failure...

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introdução: A performance de restaurações cerâmicas parafusadas a implantes com diferentes conexões diante de fadiga é um fator importante para o sucesso do tratamento. Proposição: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a confiabilidade e o modo de falha de coroas cerâmicas obtidas com pilares de zircônia parafusadas a implantes osseointegráveis de diferentes conexões. Material e método: Foram formados 3 grupos de acordo com as diferentes conexões pilar-implante: Grupo EH - hexágono externo, Grupo IH - hexágono interno e Grupo MT - Cone Morse. As coroas foram obtidas através da aplicação de cerâmica de revestimento sobre pilar de zircônia utilizando a técnica de aplicação em camadas e parafusadas aos implantes com parafusos de retenção específicos para cada sistema. Os espécimes foram submetidos ao teste de fadiga acelerado step-stress de acordo com os perfis leve (n=9), moderado (n=6) e agressivo (n=3) determinados após teste de resistência à fratura (n=4) em máquina de ensaio universal. Os dados foram inicialmente avaliados pela análise de use level probability Weibull. Os valores e intervalos de confiabilidade foram obtidos através de standard probability calculation. Considerando os valores de carga para a falha dos espécimes, foi calculada a distribuição de Weibull. Análise fractográfica foi conduzida através de estereomicroscopia e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultado: O valor de β de todos os grupos (EH-β= 0,6307; IH-β=0,9730; MT-β=0,1942) sugere que as falhas foram mais associadas ao nível de carga do que ao dano acumulado. Os valores de confiabilidade para uma missão de 50.000 ciclos e carga de 400 N foram de 97% para o grupo EH, 46% para o grupo IH e 0,5% para o grupo MT com diferença estatisticamente significante entre si. Já para uma missão de 50.000 ciclos e carga de 200 N, os valores de confiabilidade foram de 100% para o grupo EH, 98% para o grupo IH e 89% para o grupo MT. Nesse caso, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre...

Introduction: The performance of screw-retained all-ceramic crowns attached to implants with different connections under fatigue is a relevant factor for treatment success. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and failure mode of screw-retained all-ceramic crowns fabricated with zirconia abutments attached to osseointegrated implants with different connections. Material and method: Three groups were designed according to the implant-abutment connection: Group EH - external hexagon, Group IH - internal hexagon and Group MT - Morse taper. Layering technique was used for veneering of zirconia abutments. The crowns were attached to the implants with the retention screws of each system. Step-stress accelerated fatigue test was conducted according to mild (n=9), moderate (n=6) and aggressive (n=3) profiles determined after single-load-to-fracture test (n=4) in a universal testing machine. Data was previously analyzed by use level probability Weibull. Standard probability calculation was used to determine the reliability and confidence bounds. Weibull distribution was calculated based on the load to failure. Failure modes were described under light polarized microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Result: β of all groups (EH-β= 0.6307; IH-β=0.9730; MT-β=0.1942) suggested that failure was associated to load instead of cumulative damage. Significant difference was observed between the groups for the calculated reliability in a mission of 50,000 cycles at 400 N (97% for group EH, 46% for group IH and 0.5% for group MT). For a mission of 50,000 cycles at 200 N, the calculated reliability was 100% for group EH, 98% for group IH and 89% for group MT. There was no significant difference between EH and IH and between IH and MT. Weibull distribution revealed descending β and η for the groups EH (β=13.05/η=561.81), IH (β=5.81/η=513.45) and MT (β=5.31/η=333.23) and significant difference between the groups. Group EH showed veneer cohesive failure...

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanical cycling and different misfit levels on Vicker's microhardness of retention screws for single implant-supported prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Premachined UCLA abutments were cast with cobalt-chromium alloy to obtain 48 crowns divided into four groups (n = 12). The crowns presented no misfit in group A (control group) and unilateral misfits of 50 µm, 100 µm, and 200 µm in groups B, C, and D, respectively. The crowns were screwed to external hexagon implants with titanium retention screws (torque of 30 N/cm), and the sets were submitted to three different periods of mechanical cycling: 2×10(4) , 5×10(4) , and 1×10(6) cycles. Screw microhardness values were measured before and after each cycling period. Data were evaluated by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Mechanical cycling statistically reduced microhardness values of retention screws regardless of cycling periods and groups. In groups A, B, and C, initial microhardness values were statistically different from final microhardness values (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference for initial screw microhardness values (p > 0.05) among the groups; however, when the groups were compared after mechanical cycling, a statistically significant difference was observed between groups B and D (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mechanical cycling reduced the Vicker's microhardness values of the retention screws of all groups. The crowns with the highest misfit level presented the highest Vicker's microhardness values.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Three-dimensional finite element analysis was used to evaluate the effect of vertical and angular misfit in three-piece implant-supported screw-retained fixed prostheses on the biomechanical response in the peri-implant bone, implants, and prosthetic components. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four three-dimensional models were fabricated to represent a right posterior mandibular section with one implant in the region of the second premolar (2PM) and another in the region of the second molar (2M). The implants were splinted by a three-piece implant-supported metal-ceramic prosthesis and differed according to the type of misfit, as represented by four different models: Control = prosthesis with complete fit to the implants; UAM (unilateral angular misfit) = prosthesis presenting unilateral angular misfit of 100 µm in the mesial region of the 2M; UVM (unilateral vertical misfit) = prosthesis presenting unilateral vertical misfit of 100 µm in the mesial region of the 2M; and TVM (total vertical misfit) = prosthesis presenting total vertical misfit of 100 µm in the platform of the framework in the 2M. A vertical load of 400 N was distributed and applied on 12 centric points by the software Ansys, ie, a vertical load of 150 N was applied to each molar in the prosthesis and a vertical load of 100 N was applied at the 2PM. RESULTS: The stress values and distribution in peri-implant bone tissue were similar for all groups. The models with misfit exhibited different distribution patterns and increased stress magnitude in comparison to the control. The highest stress values in group UAM were observed in the implant body and retention screw. The groups UVM and TVM exhibited high stress values in the platform of the framework and the implant hexagon, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The three types of misfit influenced the magnitude and distribution of stresses. The influence of misfit on peri-implant bone tissue was modest. Each type of misfit increased the stress values in different regions of the system.

Assuntos

RESUMO

O aumento da idade tem uma importante influência na prevalência de doenças bucais, já que a mucosa oral torna-se mais sensível aos danos mecânicos. O surgimento e o desenvolvimento de grande parte das doenças que se manifestam na cavidade bucal na velhice, revelam a interação existente entre as alterações degenerativas da idade e condições patológicas. É preciso esclarecer que as modificações ocorridas nos tecidos bucais não se resumem às perdas parcial ou total dos dentes. As modificações sofridas pelos tecidos moles da boca são pouco estudadas na literatura e, por serem de grande freqüência, necessitam de conhecimentos mais aprofundados, de modo a fornecerem subsídios e contribuírem para o aprimoramento deste campo da Odontologia.Objetivo: este estudo teve como propósito fazer um levantamento na literatura para verificar as principais alterações e lesões bucais que acometem o idoso.Conclusão: pôde-se observar que o paciente geriátrico está sujeito a uma variedade de lesões, como as iatrogênicas causadas por próteses mal adaptadas, as diversas lesões benignas e as cancerizáveis. Dessa forma, o cirurgião dentista tem papel fundamental na detecção de qualquer anormalidade que o idoso apresenta na cavidade bucal, e o diagnóstico precoce possibilita um tratamento mais conservador...

The aging has an important influence on the prevalence of oral diseases since the oral mucosa becomes more sensitive to the mechanical damages. Most of the diseases in oral cavity of elderly people are related to the interaction of degenerative alterations and pathological conditions. It is important to clarify that the modifications of the elderly’s oral environment are not only regarded to partial and total teeth loss. The understanding of alterations of soft tissues in elderly people remains unclear in literature.Aim: therefore, the purpose of the present literature review was to verify the principal alterations and oral lesions that affect aging patients.Conclusion: several different lesions affect the elderly people such as iatrogenic lesion caused by poor fit complete denture as well as begnin and carcinogen lesions. Therefore, the dental surgeon has the important role for diagnosis of abnormalities in the oral cavity of elderly patient and to perform an early diagnosis to provide a conservative treatment...

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of retightening and mechanical cycling on the maintenance of preload in the retention screws of implant-supported crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five groups (n = 12 in each group) of implant-crown assemblies were created according to different abutments and veneering materials: Gold UCLA abutments cast in gold alloy veneered with ceramic (group 1) and light-curing resin (group 2), UCLA abutments cast in titanium veneered with ceramic (group 3) and light-curing resin (group 4), and zirconia abutments with ceramic veneering (group 5). The crowns were attached to implants by gold retention screws. The assemblies were submitted to mechanical cycling for a total of 1 million cycles. Removal torque measurements were performed initially and after each period of 100,000 cycles; this was followed by screw retightening with 35 Ncm of torque. Data were evaluated with analysis of variance, the paired t test, and the Student t test. RESULTS: All groups exhibited reduced removal torque values in comparison to insertion torque initially and after all periods of mechanical cycling. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences among the groups, but there were no differences among the periods of mechanical cycling or for the interaction between groups and cycling. Group 1 was the only group that did not show a difference between removal torque values of different cycling periods. The Student t test did not reveal statistically significant differences between mean removal torque values obtained before and after mechanical cycling, except for group 4. CONCLUSIONS: Torque maintenance allowed screw joint stability in the present study. Mechanical cycling associated with the retightening of abutment screws did not influence the maintenance of insertion torque.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of unilateral angular misfit on preload maintenance of retention screws of single implant-supported prostheses submitted to mechanical cycling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Premachined UCLA abutments were cast with cobalt-chromium alloy to obtain 48 crowns divided into four groups (n=12). The crowns presented no misfit in Group A (control group) and unilateral misfits of 50 µm, 100 µm and 200 µm in the groups B, C and D, respectively. The crowns were attached to external hexagon implants with a titanium retention screw with torque of 30 N/cm. Oblique loading of 130 N at 2 Hz was applied on each replica, totalizing 5×104 and 1×106 cycles. Detorque values were measured initially and after each cycling period. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD test (p<0.05). RESULTS: All groups presented reduced initial detorque values (p<0.05) in comparison to the insertion torque (30±0.5 N/cm) and Group A (25.18 N/cm) exhibited the lowest reduction. After mechanical cycling, all groups presented detorque values from 19.5 N/cm to 22.38 N/cm and the mechanical cycling did not statistically influence the detorque values regardless the misfit level of the replicas. CONCLUSION: The unilateral misfit influenced the preload maintenance only before mechanical cycling. The mechanical cycling did not influence the torque reduction.

Assuntos

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral angular misfit of 100 µm on stress distribution of implant-supported single crowns with ceramic veneering and gold framework by three-dimensional finite element analysis. Two three-dimensional models representing a maxillary section of premolar region were constructed: group 1 (control)-crown completely adapted to the implant and group 2-crown with unilateral angular misfit of 100 µm. A vertical force of 100 N was applied on 2 centric points of the crown. The von Mises stress was used as an analysis criterion. The stress values and distribution in the main maps (204.4 MPa for group 1 and 205.0 MPa for group 2) and in the other structures (aesthetic veneering, framework, retention screw, implant, and bone tissue) were similar for both groups. The highest stress values were observed between the first and second threads of the retention screw. Considering the bone tissue, the highest stress values were exhibited in the peri-implant cortical bone. The unilateral angular misfit of 100 µm did not influence the stress distribution on the implant-supported prosthesis under static loading.

Assuntos