RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: In Latin America, methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections. Limited studies have addressed the molecular epidemiology of MRSA clones in Argentina, characterised by continuous human migratory movements. The aim of this study was to describe the MRSA epidemiology, including distinct patient populations from different regions of the country. METHODS: MRSA strains were collected in epidemiological studies conducted from 2009 to 2015 in three cities (Formosa, Córdoba and Tucumán) and involving four population groups: community adult patients; hospitalised adults; hospitalised children; and healthy children (nasal colonisation). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, SCCmec and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed. RESULTS: A total of 120 MRSA isolates were recovered with an important population diversity in the groups studied; in community adult patients, MRSA isolates corresponded to ST5, ST267 and ST1619; from hospitalised adults they were ST97, ST5, ST72, ST125, ST200, ST647, ST747, ST935 and ST2941; from hospitalised children they were ST5, ST30, ST34, ST1163 and ST1619; and from colonised children they were ST5, ST125, ST34, ST100, ST1619, ST207 and ST1163. Results of SCCmec typing showed SCCmec I, SCCmec IIIA, SCCmec IV and SCCmec ND associated or not with PVL genes. CONCLUSIONS: MRSA genetic lineages have differing distribution in the three regions. The most prevalent was ST5 in colonisation, community and invasive settings. Here we describe ST34-SCCmec IV clone for the first time in the hospitalised paediatric population. These findings contribute to the understanding of epidemiological changes in recent years.
Assuntos
Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Criança , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Grupos Populacionais , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , TaiwanRESUMO
We report the clonal dissemination of ST201 Enterococcus faecalis carrying Tn5382-vanB2 and of CC17-ST64 Enterococcus faecium carrying Tn5382-vanB2-ISEnfa110 among 16 hospitals in four geographically distant regions in Chile. This is the first epidemiological characterization of vancomycin resistance in Chile, and also the first report of interhospital dissemination of enterococcal vanB2 in South America.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Elementos de DNA Transponíveis , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus faecium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Resistência a Vancomicina , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana/métodos , Chile/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Impressões Digitais de DNA/métodos , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado/métodos , Enterococcus faecalis/classificação , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/classificação , Enterococcus faecium/efeitos dos fármacos , Genótipo , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/microbiologia , Hospitais , Humanos , Epidemiologia MolecularRESUMO
This study describes the genetic relationships and antimicrobial resistance determinants found among 99 clinical isolates of enterococci from 15 different hospitals in Cuba. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis SmaI analysis demonstrated a high degree of genetic diversity. A limited number of multiresistant Enterococcus faecalis clones, showing resistance to three or more families of antimicrobial agents, were detected simultaneously in different institutions, suggesting inter-hospital circulation of selected clones, and/or selection of particular clones following their introduction into the hospital environment. Antimicrobial resistance determinants, including erm(B), aac(6')-aph(2'), aph(3'), ant(6), vanB (E. faecalis) and vanA (Enterococcus faecium) were detected by PCR in various isolates.