RESUMO
Several decomposed body parts were received for examination by the Forensic Anthropology section of the Medico-legal Institute of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The portions of the lower and upper limbs, ribs, vertebrae, and a skull were thoroughly examined. The biological profile indicated a male individual with an estimated age range between 23 and 57 years and a mean age of 35.2 years (SD = 9.4; phase IV, Suchey-Brooks). The skeleton showed injuries caused by sharp force and sharp-blunt force trauma that affected all body segments. Macroscopically, the lesions are mainly in the diaphyseal segments of the long bones, sacrum, pelvis, mandible, maxilla, scapulae, sternum, vertebrae, the distal epiphysis of the left fibula, and the distal epiphysis of the left tibia displayed characteristics compatible with injuries produced perimortem. It was not possible to determine the cause of death. DNA analysis resulted in a positive identification. Because of common difficulties faced in forensic practice, it is often not possible for forensic anthropologists to go to the crime scene, X-ray or body scanners are frequently unavailable, and the victim's medical and/or dental records are sometimes absent. These difficulties make identification ultimately depend on genetic analysis, which is more time-consuming than other identification methods. Despite this, bone fragment examination in dismemberment cases is a complex task. Forensic Anthropology can shed light on cases involving the identification of dismembered remains, which are challenging because of the number of traumatic injuries, as well as different injury patterns, on bones.
RESUMO
Introdução: Hoje em dia há uma enorme demanda para identificação individual tanto no campo da justiça civil e criminal. Existem várias maneiras de identificar indivíduos, dependendo se ele está vivo ou morto (cadáver ou esqueleto). Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de criar um banco de dados para a espessura do tecido mole facial em indivíduos vivos de uma determinada população brasileira, de acordo com idade, sexo e índice de massa corporal. Métodos: medições da espessura de tecidos moles faciais foram realizadas em 101 pacientes (62 homens e 39 mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 106 anos). TC foi realizado tendo em conta 20 pontos craniométricos selecionados previamente. A espessura dos tecidos moles nestes pontos foram inicialmente medida e comparada com a idade, sexo e estado nutricional e com dados de outras populações em todo o mundo. Resultados: De acordo com o sexo não houve diferenças significativas nos pontos: násio, rínion, meio do filtro labial midphiltrum , supradentale, e órbita lateral. Distâncias com diferenças significativa para ambos os sexos entre as diferentes populações foram: supradentale; infradentale; supramentale; órbita lateral; arco zigomático e linha oclusal. Alguns pontos antropométricos mostraram diferenças significativas entre sexo, faixa etária e estado nutricional. Entre os sexos, os homens apresentaram médias maiores. Entre os grupos etários, houve também diferenças significativas em algumas distâncias. Em relação ao estado nutricional, as distâncias foram menores entre peso normal e maior entre os obesos. Conclusão: Ao considerar várias populações, a espessura do tecido mole mostrou diferenças significativas em muitos pontos craniométricos destacando como eles podem ser distintas.
Introduction: Nowadays there is a huge demand for individual identification in both civil and criminal justice fields. There are several ways to identify individuals, depending on whether he is alive or dead (cadaver or skeleton). This research aimed to create a database for facial soft tissue thickness in living individuals of a specific Brazilian population, according to age, sex and body mass index. Methods: Measurements of facial soft tissues thickness were done in 101 patients (62 men and 39 women, aged 18 to 106 years). CT scans were performed taking into account 20 craniometric points previously selected. The soft tissue thickness in these points were initially found and compared with age, sex and nutritional status, and with another populations data worldwide. Results: According about sex was no significant difierence in points: nasion, rhinion, midphiltrum, supradentale and lateral orbit. Distances with significant difference for both sexes between the diferent populations were: supradentale; infradentale; supramentale; lateral orbit; zygomatic arch and occlusal line. Some anthropometric points showed significant differences between sex, age groups and nutritional status. Between sexes, men had greater means. Among age groups, there was also significant differences in some distances. In relation to nutritional status, the distances were lower among normal weight and higher among the obese. Conclusion: When considering various populations, soft tissue thickness had significant differences in many craniometric points highlighting how distinct they might be.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Antropometria/métodos , Cefalometria/métodos , Antropologia Forense/métodos , Estudo Comparativo , Etnicidade , Projetos PilotoRESUMO
This study aims to carry out a critical evaluation of the traffic legislation in Brazil, regarding drivers' criminal behavior due to alcohol and other psychoactive substances abuse while driving a motor vehicle. First thing to note is the legislation exclusive focus on the use of alcoholic beverages by drivers. No effective measures were taken to elaborate parameters for gauging in cases involving other psychoactive substances. Another issue is the drivers' right not to supply the organic material required for the examination of drunkenness, since it would collide with the constitutional right to remain silent, the more traditional manifestation of the principle of criminal law named Nemo tenetur se detegere. Today, the invocation of such right is rather a way of trying to avoid punishment by the law.
Assuntos
Acidentes de Trânsito , Intoxicação Alcoólica , Condução de Veículo , Comportamento Criminoso , Acidentes de Trânsito/legislação & jurisprudência , Condução de Veículo/legislação & jurisprudência , Direito Penal , HumanosRESUMO
This study aimed at reviewing the Brazilian legislation applied to occupational health. It refers to the diseases embodied in the Repetition Strain Injury (RSI) and Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTD) regarded as work or professional diseases. This analysis allowed to perform the historical evolution of legislation concerning the issue, noting that the state of the art of regulation on RSI-CTD is anchored in specific regulation present in the Normative Instruction 98/2003, that establishes the diagnostic criteria and classification of RSI-CTD. It was concluded that according to the existing legislation in Brazil, the pathologies related to RSI-CTD are considered as work diseases and their legal effects are similar to the work-related accidents.
Assuntos
Transtornos Traumáticos Cumulativos , Doenças Profissionais , Saúde Ocupacional/legislação & jurisprudência , Brasil , HumanosRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate if obesity is associated to the occurrence of dental trauma in the permanent anterior teeth of adolescents from Recife, Brazil. It included a random sample of 1046 boys and girls aged 12 years attending both public and private schools. The sample size was calculated using a 95% confidence interval level; a statistical significance of 5%; and an odds ratio of 1.55. The sample selection was carried out in two stages: first, schools were selected by simple sampling, and then children were chosen using a proportionality coefficient. Data were collected through clinical examinations and interviews, after examiner calibration. Dental trauma was classified according to ANDREASEN; ANDREASEN criteria. Obesity was considered according to National Center of Health Statistics - NCHS (USA) procedures for the assessment of nutritional status. Subjects were considered as non-obese when the observed percentile was < or = 97, while obese adolescent presented percentiles >97. Data were summarized and analyzed using the statistical software SPSS. The prevalence of traumatic injuries was higher among obese boys than obese girls (17.2% and 16.2%, respectively), but there were no statistically significant differences between traumatic dental injuries and obesity (P > 0.05). It was concluded that the presence of obesity was not associated to traumatic dental injuries in adolescents from Recife, Brazil.
Assuntos
Obesidade/epidemiologia , Traumatismos Dentários/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Dente Canino/lesões , Feminino , Humanos , Incisivo/lesões , Masculino , Obesidade/complicações , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Traumatismos Dentários/etiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this analytical cross-sectional study was to evaluate the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) among dental students in two Brazilian dental schools. The sample included 227 randomized subjects from fifth to ninth semesters who were developing clinical activities. Each student signed an informed consent form. A self-reporting questionnaire was used to obtain data on the practice of physical exercise, the presence of pain during or soon after treating patients, and the adoption of preventive measures related to clinical activities. Results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences 13.0. The chi(2) test was used to identify associations between variables. The presence of pain during or after clinical work was reported by 173 participants (76.2 percent). Statistically significant differences were found between gender and the occurrence of pain. Pain was present during clinical activities (p=0.006) and imposed limitations on the work routine (p=0.011). Among those who practiced physical exercise, eighty-eight (74.6 percent) reported pain. The high percentage of pain reported by dental students suggests the value of reviewing work conditions in dental practices in order to minimize the exposure of all workers to WMSD.