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1.
Lancet Infect Dis ; 21(7): 975-983, 2021 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33587897

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Bedaquiline and delamanid are the first drugs of new classes registered for tuberculosis treatment in 40 years. Each can prolong the QTc interval, with maximum effects occurring weeks after drug initiation. The cardiac safety and microbiological activity of these drugs when co-administered are not well-established. Our aim was to characterise the effects of bedaquiline, delamanid, or both on the QTc interval, longitudinally over 6 months of multidrug treatment, among patients with multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis taking multidrug background therapy. METHODS: ACTG A5343 is a phase 2, open-label, randomised, controlled trial in which adults with multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis receiving multidrug background treatment were randomly assigned 1:1:1 by centrally, computer-generated randomisation, by means of permuted blocks to receive bedaquiline, delamanid, or both for 24 weeks. Participants were enrolled at TASK in Cape Town and the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative in Worcester, both in South Africa, and Hospital Maria Auxiliadora in Peru. Individuals with QTc greater than 450 ms were excluded. HIV-positive participants received dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy. Clofazimine was disallowed, and levofloxacin replaced moxifloxacin. ECG in triplicate and sputum cultures were done fortnightly. The primary endpoint was mean QTcF change from baseline (averaged over weeks 8-24); cumulative culture conversation at week 8-24 was an exploratory endpoint. Analyses included all participants who initiated study tuberculosis treatment (modified intention-to-treat population). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02583048 and is ongoing. FINDINGS: Between Aug 26, 2016 and July 13, 2018, of 174 screened, 84 participants (28 in each treatment group, and 31 in total with HIV) were enrolled. Two participants did not initiate study treatment (one in the delamanid group withdrew consent and one in the bedaquiline plus delamanid group) did not meet the eligibility criterion). Mean change in QTc from baseline was 12·3 ms (95% CI 7·8-16·7; bedaquiline), 8·6 ms (4·0-13·1; delamanid), and 20·7 ms (16·1-25·3) (bedaquiline plus delamanid). There were no grade 3 or 4 adverse QTc prolongation events and no deaths during study treatment. Cumulative culture conversion by week 8 was 21 (88%) of 24 (95% CI 71-97; bedaquiline), 20 (83%) of 24 (65-95; delamanid), and 19 (95%) of 20 (79-100; bedaquiline plus delamanid) and was 92% (77-99) for bedaquiline, 91% (76-99), for delamanid, and 95% (79-100) for bedaquiline plus delamanid at 24 weeks. INTERPRETATION: Combining bedaquiline and delamanid has a modest, no more than additive, effect on the QTc interval, and initial microbiology data are encouraging. This study provides supportive evidence for use of these agents together in patients with multidrug-resistant or rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis with normal baseline QTc values. FUNDING: Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Diarilquinolinas/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Nitroimidazóis/uso terapêutico , Oxazóis/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Peru , Rifampina , África do Sul , Resultado do Tratamento
2.
BMC Res Notes ; 12(1): 119, 2019 Mar 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30832720

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study assessed the safety of the combination of sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and guaifenesin (STG) in adult and pediatric patients with acute bronchitis according to local labelling in Peru. RESULTS: We enrolled 51 pediatric and 52 adult participants diagnosed with acute bronchitis and indication of STG. The mean ages were 7.6 years (SD ± 3.2 years) and 42.8 years (SD ± 16.1) and the proportion of female patients were 51% and 65%, respectively. The duration of treatment in pediatric patients was < 5 days in 2% of patients, 5 days in 13.7%, 6-7 days, in 82.4% and > 7 days in 2% while in adults patients it was < 5 days in 17%, 5 days in 69.2%; 6-7 days in 28.8% of patients. Adverse events (AEs) were registered in 9.6% and 19.2% of pediatric and adult patients, respectively. These AEs had definite relation of causality with the study drugs in 2 adults (20% of AEs) and possible causality with the study drugs in 4 pediatric (80% of AEs) and 2 adult cases (20% of AEs). Our results provide valuable data to develop trials of pharmacovigilance where different statistical parameters should be considered to calculate an adequate sample size in studies evaluating STG in pediatric or adult patients. Trial registration NCT02879981 and NCT02902640.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/efeitos adversos , Bronquite/tratamento farmacológico , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Expectorantes/efeitos adversos , Guaifenesina/efeitos adversos , Sulfametoxazol/efeitos adversos , Trimetoprima/efeitos adversos , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Projetos Piloto , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
Rev. Asoc. Colomb. Alerg. Inmunol ; 12(1): 19-27, mar. 2003. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-359008

RESUMO

La agammaglobulinemia ligada al cromosoma X (XLA) es una inmunodeficiencia primaria caracterizada por disminución de linfocitos B circulantes y por la reducción de los niveles plasmáticos de varios isotipos de inmunoglobulinas. Los individuos afectados, tienen mayor susceptibilidad de presentar infecciones bacterianas del tracto respiratorio, así como infecciones por enterovirus. En este reporte se describe la historia clínica de tres pacientes de sexo masculino vinculados al servicio clínico del grupo de inmunodeficiencias primarias de la Universidad de Antioquia, en quienes se estableció el diagnóstico de XLA. Gracias a esto los pacientes se beneficiaron de una terapéutica con gamaglobulina intravenosa, lo que ha mejorado sustancialmente su calidad de vida.


Assuntos
Imunoglobulinas , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/imunologia
5.
Acta andin ; 7(2): 147-53, 1998. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-255483

RESUMO

Objetivos: determinar la prevalencia de hipertensión en Carampoma (Huarochirí, Lima - Perú), población de altura. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en la ciudad de Carampoma (3400 msnm.) durante el mes de febrero de 1998. Se registró la presión arterial en 108 sujetos mayores de 18 años. Resultados: la prevalencia de hipertensión fue de 11.1 por ciento (12 pacientes), un 83.3 por ciento estuvieron en estadio I, el 25 por ciento tuvo hipertensión sistólica aislada. La prevalencia de hipertensión en hombres fue de 10.52 por ciento y en mujeres fue de 11.42 por ciento. La prevalencia fue mayor en el grupo de pacientes mayores de 60 años (15 por ciento). La prevalencia de hipertensión sistólica aislada fue de 7.5 por ciento en el grupo de pacientes mayores de 60 años. Cuando la prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue comparada por sexo y edad se encontró que la prevalencia en pacientes mayores de 60 años fue de 21.42 por ciento para las mujeres y 0 por ciento para los hombres, mientras que en los pacientes menores de 60 años fue de 15.38 por ciento para los hombres y 4.76 por ciento para las mujeres. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de hipertensión en la ciudad de Carampoma fue de 11.1 por ciento la mayoría de los pacientes estuvieron dentro del estadio I. La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial aislada fue mayor en pacientes mayores de 60 años. La prevalencia de hipertensión se incrementa con la edad. La Hipertensión fue más prevalente en hombres que en las mujeres en el grupo de pacientes menores de 60 años y se encontró una relación inversa en el grupo de pacientes mayores de 60 años.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Altitude , Hipertensão , Prevalência , Epidemiologia Descritiva
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