RESUMO
The partial or complete loss of chlorophylls, or albinism, is a rare phenomenon in plants. In the present study, we provide the first report of the occurrence in albino Delonix regia seedlings and describe the morpho-physiological changes associated with albinism. Wild-type (WT) and albino seedlings were characterized. Leaflets samples were processed following common procedures for analysis with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and the carbohydrate, lipid and soluble protein content were also determined in leaf and cotyledon samples of both albino and WT seedlings. Albino seedlings showed reduced growth. They also had lower chlorophyll and protein content in foliar tissues than WT seedlings, in addition to lower concentrations of lipids and carbohydrates stored in cotyledons. The chloroplasts of albino seedlings were poorly developed, with an undefined internal membrane system and the presence of plastoglobules. Wild-type seedlings had a uniseriate and hypoestomatic epidermis. The mesophyll was dorsiventral, consisting of a layer of palisade parenchyma and two to four layers of spongy parenchyma. In albino seedlings, the spongy parenchyma was compact, with few intercellular spaces, and the thickness of the mesophyll was larger, resulting in increased thickness of the leaf blade. Albino seedlings had higher stomatal density and number of pavement cells, although the stomata had smaller dimensions. In addition to the partial loss of chlorophylls, albino D. regia showed changes at physiological and structural levels, demonstrating the crucial nature of photosynthetic pigments during the development and differentiation of plant leaf tissues/cells.
Assuntos
Clorofila , Fabaceae , Plântula , Clorofila/genética , Clorofila/metabolismo , Cloroplastos/metabolismo , Fabaceae/anatomia & histologia , Fabaceae/fisiologia , Fotossíntese/fisiologia , Folhas de Planta/fisiologia , Plântula/fisiologiaRESUMO
Glucocorticoids are drugs widely used in veterinary medicine; however, besides their clinical benefits, their use can trigger undesirable effects. A clinical trial was performed on eight healthy dogs with the intent of evaluating possible alterations in the bone mineral density after therapy with prednisone using a helical computed tomography. All animals received prednisone orally at a dose of 2 mg/kg of weight for 30 days. The bone mineral density was determined by obtaining the vertebral body radiodensity of the second lumbar vertebra values immediately before and after the administration of the medication. The experimental protocol allowed for the characterization of a significant (P < 0.01) reduction of the vertebral body radiodensity of the second lumbar vertebra. At the end of the experiment, it was characterized by a loss of bone mass of approximately 14%. None of the animals presented pathologic fracture at the end of the administration of the medication. This study verified that the alterations in the bone metabolism of the dogs submitted to the therapy with prednisone in a dosage of 2 mg/kg occur rapidly, which recommends a monitoring of the patients for the prevention of pathologic fractures.
Assuntos
Desmineralização Patológica Óssea/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Glucocorticoides/efeitos adversos , Vértebras Lombares/efeitos dos fármacos , Prednisona/efeitos adversos , Administração Oral , Animais , Desmineralização Patológica Óssea/induzido quimicamente , Desmineralização Patológica Óssea/diagnóstico por imagem , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Cães , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/patologia , Masculino , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Prednisona/farmacologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/veterináriaRESUMO
Phytochemical study of Chromolaena hirsuta (Hook. & Arn.) R. King & H. Robinson crude extract (collected in Furnas, MG-Brasil) produced fifteen flavonoids, two triterpenes and five steroids. IR, UV,(1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and GC analysis were used for the identification of these compounds. The dichloromethanic and ethanolic crude extracts (flowers and leaves) and six flavonoids isolated from this specie have been assayed for antiprotozoal activity against tripomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. The crude extracts significantly reduced the viability of T. cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis, and the six flavonoids showed considerable antiproliferative effect of development of two parasites evaluated. This is the fi rst report of antiprotozoal activity of extracts of C. hirsuta.
Assuntos
Antiprotozoários/farmacologia , Chromolaena , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Leishmania/efeitos dos fármacos , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antiprotozoários/administração & dosagem , Antiprotozoários/uso terapêutico , Flavonoides/administração & dosagem , Flavonoides/uso terapêutico , Flores , Testes de Sensibilidade Parasitária , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Folhas de PlantaRESUMO
This study characterizes the social representations of the health-disease process of subjects resident in two districts of São Paulo, in order to identify the needs of health and the orientation of the nursing action. Free evocations recollections from 418 adults on the themes health and disease. Data analyse was developed thought a descriptive and structural analysis of the social representations, through the methodology of construction of the "picture of four houses", categorization and similitude analysis. The results show central senses of the representation, the possitiveness of the health, are anchored in a divine entity, and accompanied of notions that associate health to prevention of diseases, to biological needs, to activity and to which the attitude assumed to the disease. The representation structure of disease is similar, in inverse sense, to the one of the health: god is the center of the social representation, in its negative version, being expressed in the body through the pain, of the death and the inactivity and--in the spirit--through the sadness and of the depression. The discussion is that psychological character of health and of disease, that is expressed under the psychosocial needs committed, and the consequent need of rethinking the technological model of work in nursing.