RESUMO
Evaluate the effect of 12 wks of concurrent training (CT) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). In the non-randomized clinical trial, 19 participants, 11 healthy (HIV-) and 18 PLWHA under the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for at least 1 year (HIV+). All participants engaged in a moderate-intensity CT program for 12 weeks, 3 times a week. Before and after CT, aerobic and strength performance were assessed, as well as anthropometric and biochemical blood profiles. In addition, SAT biopsies were performed for histologic and morphometric analyses. Statistical analysis was carried out with R Studio, using descriptive and inferential analysis, ANOVA test, and mixed-effect model (P < 0.05). HIV+ showed higher levels of very-low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides and lower levels of high-density lipoproteins at baseline than HIV- (P < 0.05). All groups showed improved aerobic and strength performances (P < 0.05). Both groups showed reduced adipocyte sizes after CT (P < 0.05). Lastly, HIV+ presented smaller adipocytes and higher elastic fiber deposition at baseline and decreased after training only in HIV+, similar to the HIV group. Thus, CT in PLWHA promoted a decrease in the size heterogeneity of adipocytes and elastic fiber deposition, remodeling the ECM, and improving the SAT fibrosis profile. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ensaiosclinicos.gov.br - UTN: U1111-1214-3022). Novelty: Adipose tissue fibrosis is improved by training in people living with HIV. Concurrent training remodels adipose tissue extracellular matrix.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/patologia , Gordura Subcutânea/metabolismo , Adipócitos/patologia , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Colágeno/metabolismo , Tecido Elástico/patologia , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Lipoproteínas HDL/sangue , Lipoproteínas LDL/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Humano/métodos , Condicionamento Físico Humano/fisiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
Creatine is widely used by athletes as an ergogenic resource. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of creatine supplementation on the duodenum of rats submitted to physical training. The number and myenteric neuronal cell bodies as well mucosal and muscular tunic morphometry were evaluated. Control animals received a standard chow for 8 weeks, and the treated ones received the standard chow for 4 weeks and were later fed with the same chow but added with 2% creatine. Animals were divided in groups: sedentary, sedentary supplemented with creatine, trained and trained supplemented with creatine. The training consisted in treadmill running for 8 weeks. Duodenal samples were either processed for whole mount preparations or for paraffin embedding and hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological and morpho metric studies of the mucosa, the muscular tunic and myenteric neurons. It was observed that neither creatine nor physical training alone promoted alterations in muscular tunic thickness, villus height or crypts depth, however, a reduction in these parameters was observed when both were associated. The number of myenteric neurons was unchanged, but the neuronal cell body area was reduced in trained animals but not when training and creatine was associated, suggesting a neuroprotector role of this substance.(AU)
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Ratos , Plexo Mientérico/efeitos dos fármacos , Neurônios/efeitos dos fármacos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Plexo Mientérico/citologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Creatine is widely used by athletes as an ergogenic resource. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of creatine supplementation on the duodenum of rats submitted to physical training. The number and myenteric neuronal cell bodies as well mucosal and muscular tunic morphometry were evaluated. Control animals received a standard chow for 8 weeks, and the treated ones received the standard chow for 4 weeks and were later fed with the same chow but added with 2% creatine. Animals were divided in groups: sedentary, sedentary supplemented with creatine, trained and trained supplemented with creatine. The training consisted in treadmill running for 8 weeks. Duodenal samples were either processed for whole mount preparations or for paraffin embedding and hematoxylin-eosin staining for histological and morpho metric studies of the mucosa, the muscular tunic and myenteric neurons. It was observed that neither creatine nor physical training alone promoted alterations in muscular tunic thickness, villus height or crypts depth, however, a reduction in these parameters was observed when both were associated. The number of myenteric neurons was unchanged, but the neuronal cell body area was reduced in trained animals but not when training and creatine was associated, suggesting a neuroprotector role of this substance.
Assuntos
Masculino , Animais , Ratos , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Neurônios , Plexo Mientérico , Plexo Mientérico/citologia , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The present study examined whether the running speed at the lactate threshold estimated by the maximal deviation method (LT (Dmax)) is highly correlated and in agreement with 10-km road race performance (S (10 km)) in middle-aged female runners. Additionally, the LT (Dmax) was compared with the visual detection of the inflection point (LT (Visual)), the fixed lactate level of 4 mmol.L (-1) (LT (4)) and the peak speed (S (peak)) in relation to performance. Sixteen middle-aged, recreational female runners performed a discontinuous, incremental treadmill test. The initial speed was set at 7 km.h (-1), and this speed was increased every 3 min by 1 km.h (-1) with a 30-s rest between the stages used for earlobe capillary blood sample collection. All of the participants took part in the same local 10-km road race, and S (10 km) mean speed was calculated. The speeds (mean ± SD) were 10.5 ± 1.0 (S (10 km)), 10.5 ± 1.0 (LT (Visual)), 10.9 ± 0.9 (LT (Dmax)), 11.4 ± 1.3 (LT (4)) and 13.5 ± 1.1 km.h (-1) (S (peak)). The LT (Dmax) had the narrowest limits of agreement (0.3 ± 0.4 km.h (-1)) and was the most highly correlated with the S (10 km) ( R=0.98), followed by the S (peak) ( R=0.95), LT (4) ( R=0.85) and LT (Visual) ( R=0.81). In conclusion, the LT (Dmax) should be more widely used to estimate long-distance performance and to verify improvements in training.