RESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein hydrolysate is a source of bioactive peptides with known health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of common bean protein hydrolysate on lipid metabolism and endothelial function in male adult BALB/c mice fed an atherogenic diet for nine weeks. METHODS AND RESULTS: Male adult mice were divided into three experimental groups (n = 12) and fed with normal control diet; atherogenic diet and atherogenic diet added with bean protein hydrolysate (700 mg/kg/day) for nine weeks. Food intake, weight gain, lipid profile, Atherogenic Index of Plasma, inflammation biomarkers and endothelial function were evaluated. APH group presented reduced feed intake, weight gain, lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-α, angiotensin II (94% and 79%, respectively) and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (62%). CONCLUSIONS: Protein hydrolysate showed hypocholesterolemic activity preventing inflammation and dysfunction of vascular endothelium, in addition to decreasing oxidative stress, indicating an adjuvant effect on reducing atherogenic risk.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/administração & dosagem , Aterosclerose/prevenção & controle , Colesterol/sangue , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipercolesterolemia/prevenção & controle , Phaseolus , Proteínas de Vegetais Comestíveis/administração & dosagem , Hidrolisados de Proteína/administração & dosagem , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Aterosclerose/sangue , Aterosclerose/etiologia , Aterosclerose/fisiopatologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Dieta Aterogênica , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Hipercolesterolemia/sangue , Hipercolesterolemia/etiologia , Hipercolesterolemia/fisiopatologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Increased adiposity has been associated with macrophage infiltration into the adipose tissue which, in turn, leads to obesity comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of anthocyanin (ANC)-enriched fractions from blackberry-blueberry beverages on inflammation and adipogenesis in an in vitro model of inflammation mimicking the pathologic interaction between adipocytes and macrophages. Blend ANCs inhibited secretion of nitric oxide (17.5%), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (89.4%), and phosphorylated-p65 nuclear factor kappa-B (52.1%) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages after 24 h. Blends reduced intracellular fat accumulation (28.2%) when applied during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and inhibited isoproterenol-induced lipolysis (18.6%) of mature 3T3-L1 cells. In addition, blend ANCs restored adiponectin-blunted gene expression induced by the TNF-α treatment (18.2%) and reduced the glycerol release (15.9%) induced by LPS-induced macrophage-conditioned media (CM) in adipocytes. Furthermore, blends slightly restored the insulin-induced glucose uptake of adipocytes, blunted by the CM treatment. In conclusion, ANCs from blueberry and blackberry dealcoholized fermented beverages are potential inhibitors of inflammation-related adiposity response and sensitizers of insulin signaling in adipocytes.
Assuntos
Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Adipócitos/imunologia , Antocianinas/farmacologia , Bebidas/análise , Frutas/microbiologia , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipócitos/citologia , Adipogenia/efeitos dos fármacos , Adiposidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antocianinas/metabolismo , Bebidas/microbiologia , Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/química , Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/metabolismo , Mirtilos Azuis (Planta)/microbiologia , Fermentação , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Lipólise , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/imunologia , Células RAW 264.7 , Rubus/química , Rubus/metabolismo , Rubus/microbiologia , Saccharomyces/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/imunologiaRESUMO
Trypsin inhibitors (TI), tannins, and lectins appear to have a role in preventing chronic diseases in humans. The genetic variability of these traits in common bean needs to be ascertained in order to increase levels through breeding. The variability of TI, tannin, and lectins was determined in five bean cultivars grown at five locations in Mexico. TI and tannins contents in colored beans that belong to the Jalisco race were higher (11.1-11.9 trypsin units inhibited (TUI)/mg and 29.0-38.1 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g, respectively) than cultivars of the Durango race (7.9-8.3 TUI/mg and 16.8-19.9 CE/mg, respectively). Bayo Victoria, a Durango race cultivar, had three times more lectins than levels reported for soybean. Cultivar influenced TI and tannins contents (p < 0.001), whereas site affected lectins (p < 0.001). An increase in levels of TI and tannins could be enhanced through breeding.