RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Central line-associated bloodstream infections are the second most frequent infection in intensive care units. It represents an adverse event of significant magnitude, thus threatening the patient safety. The aim of this study was to analyze the historical trend of central line-associated bloodstream infections in patients in intensive care units, the rate of infection, central venous catheter utilization ratio, type of pathogen and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. METHODOLOGY: This ecological study was performed at 42 intensive care units from a state capital of the Midwest region of Brazil. Central line-associated bloodstream infections notifications were collected from two databases, the Municipal Coordination for Patient Safety and Infection Control at Healthcare Services, from 2012-2016, and the FormSUS (National Health System Data Processing Company), from 2014-2016. RESULTS: The incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections was high and stationary in the period (incidence rate of 2.3 to 3.2 per 1,000 catheter days, central venous catheter utilization ratio average 56,9%). The most frequent microorganisms were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Resistance to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were detected among Gram-negative bacteria, and resistance to oxacillin among Gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Central line-associated bloodstream infections incidence rates were high, however the historical trend remained stationary in adult intensive care units. Infections were mostly caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including multi-drug resistant organisms. These findings point to the need of educational strategies addressing the adherence to established preventive measures and to the rational use of antimicrobials.
Assuntos
Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções Relacionadas a Cateter/microbiologia , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/efeitos adversos , Cateteres Venosos Centrais/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Humanos , IncidênciaRESUMO
Estudo realizado com graduandos de enfermagem do último ano/semestre de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) em Goiás no período de 2005 e 2006, com objetivo de avaliar a técnica de higienização das Mãos (HM) descrita por graduandos de enfermagem e identificar a contribuição das IES na formação do aluno sobre HM. Todos os aspectos éticos foram atendidos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionário, previamente avaliado, e processados no programa Epiinfo. Participaram do estudo 286 acadêmicos, sendo que 132 do ano de 2005 e 154 de 2006. Apesar de afirmarem ter conhecimento teórico com relação à técnica de HM apresentaram baixo desempenho ao descrevê-la. Os resultados mostram que a abordagem dada pelas IES com relação à técnica de HM, não tem proporcionado sedimentação do conhecimento que resultasse na execução correta da técnica de higienização das mãos.
Study that was carried out with the last year/semester of higher education institutions (HEI) in Goiás in the period 2005 to 2006, in order to evaluate the hands washing (hW) the technique as described by the nursing students and identify the contribution of IES in the education of the student on hW. All ethical aspects were observed. Data collection were obtained through the application of a questionnaire, previously evaluated and processed in the Epiinfo. Study participants were conformed by 286 academics, with 132 during 2005 and 154 during 2006. Despite claiming to have known theoretical aspects about the technical performance of hW, it was not enough to describe it. Results show that the approach given by HEI as far as the technique of HW, is concerned, have not provided the knowledge sedimentation that result on correct execution of the hands washing technique.
Estudio realizado con estudiantes de enfermería en el último año/semestre de Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en Goiás en el período comprendido entre 2005 y 2006, para evaluar la técnica de lavado de las manos (LM) descrita por los estudiantes de enfermería y determinar la contribución de la IES en la formación del estudiante en LM. Se cautelaron todos los aspectos éticos. Los datos se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario, previamente evaluado y tratados en el Epiinfo. Los participantes del estudio fueron 286 académicos, con 132 del año 2005 y 154 de 2006. A pesar de que afirman haber tenido conocimiento teórico con respecto a las prestaciones técnicas de LM, éste era insuficiente para describirlo. Los resultados muestran que el enfoque dado por el IES en lo que respecta a la técnica de LM, no ha proporcionado la sedimentación de los conocimientos que puedan llevar a la ejecución correcta de la técnica de lavado de manos.