RESUMO
Ptilonines A-F, pyranosylmagellanicus D-E and magellenediol are previously undescribed acetogenins isolated from the red alga Ptilonia magellanica. Their structures were determined from spectroscopic evidence. The absolute configuration of the known pyranosylmagellanicus A, was established by derivatization with (R)- and (S)-α-methoxy -α-phenylacetic acids (MPA). Ptilonines exhibit an unusual halogenation pattern, that may confer evolutionary advantages to Ptilonia magellanica, for which a biogenetic origin is proposed. The antimicrobial effect of some of these compounds was evaluated.
Assuntos
Acetogeninas/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Rodófitas/química , Acetogeninas/química , Acetogeninas/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/química , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Bacillus cereus/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Proteus mirabilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Fungi occupy an important ecological niche in the marine environment, and marine fungi possess an immense biotechnological potential. This study documents the fungal diversity associated with 39 species of sponges and determines their potential to produce secondary metabolites capable of interacting with mammalian G-protein-coupled receptors involved in blood pressure regulation. Total genomic DNA was extracted from 563 representative fungal strains obtained from marine sponges collected by SCUBA from the Caribbean and the Pacific regions of Panama. A total of 194 operational taxonomic units were found with 58% represented by singletons based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial large subunit (LSU) rDNA regions. Marine sponges were highly dominated by Ascomycota fungi (95.6%) and represented by two major classes, Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes. Rarefaction curves showed no saturation, indicating that further efforts are needed to reveal the entire diversity at this site. Several unique clades were found during phylogenetic analysis with the highest diversity of unique clades in the order Pleosporales. From the 65 cultures tested to determine their in vitro effect on angiotensin and endothelin receptors, the extracts of Fusarium sp. and Phoma sp. blocked the activation of these receptors by more than 50% of the control and seven others inhibited between 30 and 45%. Our results indicate that marine sponges from Panama are a "hot spot" of fungal diversity as well as a rich resource for capturing, cataloguing, and assessing the pharmacological potential of substances present in previously undiscovered fungi associated with marine sponges.
Assuntos
Biodiversidade , Fungos/classificação , Fungos/genética , Poríferos/microbiologia , Receptores de Endotelina/metabolismo , Angiotensinas , Animais , Ascomicetos/classificação , Ascomicetos/genética , Região do Caribe , DNA Ribossômico/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Panamá , FilogeniaRESUMO
The diversity of sponge-associated fungi has been poorly investigated in remote geographical areas like Antarctica. In this study, 101 phenotypically different fungal isolates were obtained from 11 sponge samples collected in King George Island, Antarctica. The analysis of ITS sequences revealed that they belong to the phylum Ascomycota. Sixty-five isolates belong to the genera Geomyces, Penicillium, Epicoccum, Pseudeurotium, Thelebolus, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Aureobasidium, Phoma, and Trichocladium but 36 isolates could not be identified at genus level. In order to estimate the potential of these isolates as producers of interesting bioactivities, antimicrobial, antitumoral and antioxidant activities of fungal culture extracts were assayed. Around 51% of the extracts, mainly from the genus Geomyces and non identified relatives, showed antimicrobial activity against some of the bacteria tested. On the other hand, around 42% of the extracts showed potent antitumoral activity, Geomyces sp. having the best performance. Finally, the potential of the isolated fungi as producers of antioxidant activity seems to be moderate. Our results suggest that fungi associated with Antarctic sponges, particularly Geomyces, would be valuable sources of antimicrobial and antitumoral compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the biodiversity and the metabolic potential of fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/classificação , Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Poríferos/microbiologia , Animais , Regiões Antárticas , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Ascomicetos/genética , Ascomicetos/isolamento & purificação , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
It is known that some strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus are responsible for gastroenteric diseases caused by the ingestion of marine organisms contaminated with these bacterial strains. Organic products that show inhibitory activity on the growth of the pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were extracted from a Vibrio native in the north of Chile. The inhibitory organic products were isolated by reverse phase chromatography and permeation by Sephadex LH20, and were characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. The results showed that the prevailing active product is oleic acid, which was compared with standards by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). These active products might be useful for controlling the proliferation of pathogenic clones of V. parahaemolyticus.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , Vibrio parahaemolyticus/efeitos dos fármacos , Vibrio/fisiologia , Anti-Infecciosos/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Gasosa , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Cromatografia de Fase Reversa , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ácido Oleico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Oleico/fisiologia , Vibrio/químicaRESUMO
Las fracturas Escapulares han recibido poca atención en la literatura ya que son lesiones poco frecuentes y que evolucionan bien con el tratamiento conservador. Entre el año 2000 y 2008, se intervinieron quirúrgicamente 21 fracturas, en pacientes con edad promedio de 34,5 años, con un seguimiento posterior de 17 pacientes por un promedio de tiempo de 57.5 meses. El material utilizado fueron las placas de reconstrucción de bajo perfil de 2.7 mm y de 3.5 mm de diámetro. El abordaje utilizado fue vía posterior. No se presentaron complicaciones post operatorias y se instauró rehabilitación fisiátrica precoz. Se valoró a los pacientes con la escala de Constant, obteniendo resultados excelentes de 76.5% (13 casos) y buenos de 23.5% (4 casos). Con estos resultados se concluye que el tratamiento quirúrgico de las fracturas de escápula inestables es una indicación segura y eficaz para la buena evolución clínica y funcional de estas lesiones
Scapular Fractures have received little attention in the literature since these injuries are rare and have a good outcome with conservative treatment. Between 2000 and 2008, 21 fractures were treated surgically in patients with an average age of 34.5 years, with a subsequent follow-up of 17 patients for an average time of 57.5 months. The material used where low profile reconstruction plates 2.7 mm and 3.5 mm in diameter.We used the posterior approach in all cases, there were no complications and the post-operative rehabilitation was established early. All patients were evaluated by the Constant scale with 76.5% (13 cases) excellentresultsand 23.5% (4 cases) good results. We concluded that the surgical treatment of scapular unstable fracturesis safe and effective indication to restore excellent function of the shoulder
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Complicações Intraoperatórias/terapia , Escápula/lesões , Fraturas Ósseas/diagnóstico , Ortopedia/métodosRESUMO
Six guaiane sesquiterpenes recurvatiane A-F, including the previously known recurvatiane E and xanthomicrol, were isolated from the Andean Perezia recurvata and their structures determined by spectroscopic evidence. The absolute stereochemistry of recurvatiane A was established by derivatization with (R)- and (S)-α-methoxy-α-phenylacetic acids (MPA). The suite of guaiane-based metabolites here reported, which we have named recurvatianes A-F, provide an example of a pathway by which molecular diversity is generated by the occurrence of specific oxidation reactions in the late biosynthetic steps of the frame structure.
Assuntos
Asteraceae/química , Fenilacetatos/química , Sesquiterpenos de Guaiano/isolamento & purificação , Chile , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Oxirredução , Sesquiterpenos de Guaiano/química , EstereoisomerismoRESUMO
Pronuciferine N-oxide (1), a proaporphine N-methyl-N-oxide alkaloid, along with the parent alkaloid pronuciferine (2) were isolated from Berberis coletioides. The structure of the new compound was determined by spectroscopic evidence. Compound 1 is the first naturally occurring proaporphinoid alkaloid with an N-oxide functionality.
Assuntos
Berberis/química , Compostos de Espiro/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides/química , Chile , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Compostos de Espiro/químicaRESUMO
Two mulinane-type diterpenoids were isolated from Azorella compacta; namely 20-hydroxymulin-11,13-dienyl acetate and 13,14-dihydroxymulin-11-en-20-oic acid. The structures were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data. These compounds, as well as three previously isolated diterpenes, were evaluated as potential in vivo growth inhibitors of Plasmodium berghei NK 65 on infected mice at an intraperitoneal dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Sixty percent and forty-two percent growth inhibition were obtained with 17-acetoxymulin-11,13-dien-20-oic acid and 13, 14-dihydroxymulin-11-en-20-oic acid, respectively.
Assuntos
Apiaceae/química , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Diterpenos/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Plasmodium berghei/efeitos dos fármacos , Plasmodium berghei/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
A new norditerpenoid, yaretol (1), was isolated from the whole plant of Azorella madreporica. The structure of 1 was established by one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Assuntos
Apiaceae/química , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Chile , Diterpenos/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica , Medicina Tradicional , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
In this work the antifeedant effects of the halogenated monoterpenes 1-13 were tested against several divergent insect species. These compounds have been isolated from Plocamium cartilagineum (6 was isolated as an acetyl derivative), except for 4, which was isolated from Pantoneura plocamioides. We have also included the semisynthetic derivatives 1a, 2a, and 7. Compounds 1, 1a, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8-10, and 13 were antifeedants against Leptinotarsa decemlineata with varying potencies. The aphids Myzus persicae and Ropalosiphum padi were strongly deterred in the presence of compounds 2, 12, and 13. This effect was correlated with the electronic recording of their probing behavior. Compounds 2 and 12 were toxic to L. decemlineata and had selective cytotoxicity to insect-derived Sf9 cells. None of the tested compounds showed phytotoxic effects. The antifeedant and cytotoxic effects of these compounds were compared with those of the polyhalogenated insecticide gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane).
Assuntos
Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Insetos/fisiologia , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Rodófitas/química , Animais , Afídeos/fisiologia , Besouros/fisiologia , Inseticidas/isolamento & purificação , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Monoterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Spodoptera/fisiologiaRESUMO
Two new sesquiterpenes belonging to a novel oxacyclic structural type of chamigrene skeleton, oxachamigrene (1) and 5-acetoxyoxachamigrene (2), have been isolated from the red alga Laurencia obtusa. The structures of the compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. A biogenetic route for these metabolites has been proposed.
Assuntos
Rodófitas/química , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Cromatografia Líquida , Cuba , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Sesquiterpenos/química , Espectrofotometria InfravermelhoRESUMO
Three new minor linear polyhalohydroxylated marine monoterpenes, plocamenols A-C (1-3), have been isolated from the red alga Plocamium cartilagineum. The structure and relative stereochemistry of these compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
Assuntos
Monoterpenos , Rodófitas/química , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Chile , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Terpenos/químicaRESUMO
Six new prenylated bromohydroquinones, 3'-methoxy-7-hydroxycymopol (1), 3-hydroxycymopolone (2), 3,7-dihydroxycymopolone (3), 7-hydroxycymopochromanone (4), 7-hydroxycymopochromenol (5), and a related 6-hydroxy derivative of cymopochromenol (6), have been isolated from the green marine alga Cymopolia barbata. The structures of these cymopol-related metabolites were determined by spectral methods.
Assuntos
Benzopiranos/isolamento & purificação , Clorófitas/química , Cromonas/isolamento & purificação , Hidroquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Benzopiranos/química , Cromatografia em Camada Fina , Cromonas/química , Cuba , Hidroquinonas/química , Espectrometria de Massas , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Espectrofotometria InfravermelhoRESUMO
Se trata de un estudio de tipo descriptivo en el que se realizó una revision retrospectiva de cinco niños con diagnóstico de Pseudoartrosis congénita de tibia tipo I de Crawford operados en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de Caracas, Venezuela entre los años 1975 y 1993 con la técnica de Mc Farland la edad promedio en el momento de la cirugía fue de seis años y cuatro meses. El período de seguimiento promedio fué 10.8 años. La evolución fué satisfactoria en 3 de los 5 pacientes tratados, modificándose la historia natural de la enfermedad. Es importante destacar el hecho de que a pesar de haber estudiado una serie de tan sólo 5 pacientes, esta cantidad es significativa ya que los trabajos previos realizados reportan un número similar e incluso menor de casos
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Sistema Musculoesquelético/patologia , Tíbia , Tíbia/patologia , Tíbia/cirurgia , VenezuelaRESUMO
Se trata de un estudio de tipo descriptivo en el que se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de cinco niños con diagnóstico de Pseudoartrosis Congénita de Tibia tipo I de Crawford operados en el Hospital San Juan de Dios de Caracas, Venezuela entre los años 1975 y 1993 con la técnica de Mc Farland la edad promedio en el momento de la cirugía fue de seis años y cuatro meses. El período de seguimiento promedio fué de 10.8 años. La evolución fué satisfactoria en 3 de los 5 pacientes tratados, modificandose la historia natural de la enfermedad. Es importante destacar el hecho de que a pesar de haber estudiado una serie de tan solo 5 pacientes, está cantidad es significativa ya que los trabajos previos realizados reportan un número similar o incluso menor de casos